英语专业毕业论文5.doc

undergraduatethesis classification no.: confidential grade:thesis topicthe cultural roots of differences on family education between chinese and american major & school： english school of foreign languages students name： mu yang class & grade： class 3 grade 2007 supervisor： lu haixia may 11th, 2010吉林师范大学毕业论文（设计）论文分类号： 密 级： 论文题目中美家庭教育差异的文化根源学 院 专 业： 外国语学院 英语 学 生 姓 名： 穆 扬 年 级 班 级： 2007级3班 指 导 教 师： 陆 海 霞（讲师） 2011年5月11日abstract: children are the hope of a nation. family education is the elementary education for children. family education is very important to the growth of children. there are many types of family education in the world. in these families, american family education is the most famous one. each of them shows distinctive features and they are close to their culture. the differences of family education between america and china give us great enlightenment. in this thesis, the results, process and causes of the differences of family education, especially the historical reasons, the social reasons, and cultural roots will be studied. the author wants to find a satisfied family education method and provide some helpful suggestions for family education through comparing the differences between american family education and chinese family education. key words: culture; difference; family education; causes摘要: 孩子是民族的希望，家庭教育是儿童教育的基础。家庭教育对孩子的成长至关重要。但是纵观世界各国不同类型的家庭教育，每一种都有其符合本国文化的特点。在这些家庭教育中，美国家庭教育是最出名的。中美家庭教育的差异性给了我们莫大的启示。本文从中美家庭教育的结果和过程以及原因三个大方面来阐述，重点分析这些差异的历史原因、社会原因以及文化根源，希望在比较两国教育差异性的同时寻求一种科学、优良的教育方法，从而为我国的家庭教育提供有利帮助。关键词：文化；差异；家庭教育；根源contents（目录都已改成英文）abstract(english)abstract(chinese)contentsi. introduction1ii. the result of family education between america and china1iii. the process of family education2 3.1 the aim of education2 3.1.1 the aim of american education2 3.1.2 the aim of chinese education3 3.2 the concept of education3 3.2.1 the concept of chinese education3 3.2.2 the concept of american education3 3.3 the method of education4 3.3.1 the method of american education4 3.3.2 the method of chinese education 5iv. the differences on causes6 4.1 differences on history background6 4.2 differences on social conditions6 4.3 differences on traditional culture6 4.3.1 different values6 4.3.2 different ways of thinking7v. conclusion8references9i. introduction（以下内容已按照您的批注修改，没有添加其他内容）children are the expectation of their parents and the hope of a nation. family education is not only an important component of education but also the first lesson to a child, which will be remembered forever. family education has a direct influence on the qualities of talents. in the 21st century, international competition is fiercer. it is a competition for talents fundamentally. thus, each country should pay more attention to family education. the issue has become a hot topic in our country. it is arousing great concern of our government and all walks of society, especially the education sector. however, many people think that schools and universities have the main responsibility for these problems which have appeared in education in recent years. schools and universities are to be blamed, but their parents are more to be blamed. if the good, beautiful and true things have been implanted properly in their mind in early years, if they have been trained to use their minds at the very beginning, they would not live so foolishly. in order to find a better way to educate our children, we should study some experience of other countries. there are many types of family education in the world, and american family education is the most famous one. so it is necessary and significant to make a comparison of the differences of family education between america and china. this paper is to compare chinese family education and american family education, which may offer some suggestions to family education.ii. the results of family education between america and chinathe results of family education of the two countries also display obvious differences because of the differences of education concepts, aims, and methods. these are mainly reflected in five aspects.ability of adapting to the society: most american children can adapt to the society more smoothly than many chinese children. they can face and overcome setbacks more easily.ability of living independently: compared with independent american children, chinese children have particularly many requirements and strong dependence, and they always want to get others care.interpersonal relationships: as a result of parents overprotection, chinese children have few abilities of personal interaction, while american children are opposite at this point.responsibility of supporting the old: generally speaking, many american children lack the sense of responsibility to support their parents in comparison with chinese children.the relationship among family members: as a whole, the relationship among chinese family members is more harmony than that among american family. the relationship of chinese family is very close, but in america, family members look like friends.iii. the process of family educationfrom the results of these two kinds of family education, we can see that family education is not the institutionalization education. but as an important aspect of the education system, it also has certain education aims, concepts and methods. 3.1 the aim of educationthe aim of family education determines its direction. so the aim of family education is the core, which is the basic reason of the different family education between chinese and american. the aim of family education is to train a child with some characteristics through family education. once the aim is determined, education contents and methods should be chosen according to the aim. so what are the different aims of chinese family education and american family education, or we can say what are the different expectations of the parents in the two countries? 3.1.1 the aim of american educationthe aim of american family education is to train the child into a social man who can deal with all kinds of events. it is not a high expectation. social man is not a utopia idea, but a requirement which is practical and easy to achieve. american parents have a relaxed attitude to educate their children. they are good at finding out the active parts from their childrens individualities. and the children can find their value from family education. in fact, this kind of education can achieve good results. according to this aim, they can train their childrens independent ability. lets see american children in different periods. when they are still a baby, they sleep alone; when they can walk by themselves, they seldom ask parents for help; when they grow up, they own their rooms and they should clean the rooms by themselves; they do what they can do from childhood to make money. for example, they do house cleaning, be a baby sitter, send newspapers and so on; when they go to senior middle school or university, they do part-time jobs to make money for the cost of living.3.1.2 the aim of chinese educationby comparison, the aim of chinese family education is to train the child into a talent who has a bright future. a bright future means to get a good job and to lead a simple life all their life time. first, this aim is high and full of utility. it is hard to achieve because “having a bright future” is not an ordinary aim. because of the aim, chinese parents especially concern about the study achievements of their children. the only requirement of parents is that their children can concentrate all the attentions on study. at the same time, they ignore their childrens extraordinary abilities and limit their imaginations. at the end, parents would kill the talents before children become qualified persons. although chinese children study very hard and get good achievements, they lack of abilities to suit this society. sometimes, parents expectation would come to nothing.3.2 the concept of education the different education concepts between america and china lead children to receive different education.3.2.1 the concept of chinese educationin china, many parents only care about whether their children have a promising future, a good job, a good life or not. based on these expectations, the majority of parents feel that their responsibility for their children is to create as good conditions as possible so that they can so that their children will not worry about anything in the future. chinese parents would like to provide everything they can for their children in the process of childrens growth. in short, they would like to sacrifice anything if their children can live better with their help. therefore, in the process of childrens growth, the most important thing the parents concern is to develop their childrens intellect except for caring childrens daily life. in order to make their children have a good performance in study, become outstanding, or even become a famous person in the future, they would not let children do anything except studying.3.2.2 the concept of american educationin america, the aim of parents is to train their children to have the ability of adapting to environmental variety and the ability of living independently. based on this concept, most american parents emphasize more to train their childrens ability of independence once they are born. they generally believe that the growth of the children must rely on their own experiences because they think that children should form a self-supporting will and the capacity to live independently since their childhood. the capacity comes from the training in the early age. the so-called training contains many aspects, such as work, patience, the spirit of hard work, etc. however, the most fundamental training is the ability of adapting to hard conditions. through the process of work, children will form the sense of labor, learn some working skills. besides, children can learn how to overcome difficulties, temper their willpower, develop their talents and skills, rich their knowledge, and form a habit of hard work and thrift by working in hard conditions. it is just in the unconscious process that children can obtain the independent survivability and take the responsibilities for the society.3.3 the method of educationthe methods of family education are the concrete measure of education contents. the choices of education methods are closely connected with custom, culture and history of a nation. at the same time, it is restricted by education aims. conversely, whether the parents can use the scientific education methods properly is connected with the realization of the aim and method of family education.generally speaking, in american families, parents mainly use an equal way to educate their children. they respect childrens personality and rights. children in the family are treated as independent individuals. parents and children are equal. by comparison, the methods of chinese family education lack of equality. chinese parents dont treat their children on the same level as themselves. instead, parents stand for the elder generation and the children stand for younger generation.3.3.1 the method of american educationamerican parents advocate the open education: first, they pay attention to practical training and emphasize on training children in practice instead of preaching. in americans opinion, if children can do the work, then let them do it. through the process of doing the work, they can improve their recognition of things, accumulate experiences, master skills, enhance capacities, develop hobbies and consolidate self-confidence and responsibility. we can say, american parents give the key to the door to children instead of opening the door for the children. second, american parents think play and game are very important. they think play is the most important thing when children are young. in american, children take part in all kinds of activities; do a lot of outdoor exercises. there are a lot of good places for them to do exercises. on the weekend, parents go out for tour with children. in the process of playing, the children develop their intelligence, such as imagination, judgments, communication with other people and emotion adjusting and so on.the method of american family education presents from four aspects: firstly, children have their right to speak. in other words, they can show their opinions on family affairs. american parents inspire their children to say what they want to say. secondly, american children have right to choose. when the children start to show their abilities to cognize things, they would like the children to choose by themselves. the children can choose games, books, friends, jobs and so on. american parents wouldnt put their opinions on their children. most of the time, their roles are to lead the children to choose or they only stand behind the children to give them confidence. thirdly, american parents would like to be friends with their children. they can communicate on the base of equality. fourthly, american parents respect their childrens privacy.3.3.2 the method of chinese educationchinese parents advocate the close education: firstly, they ignore the importance of practical training; instead they pay attention to preaching. the requirement to children is to study. all the things, including what the children can do by themselves, are done by their parents. it is the reason why chinese children learn a lot of knowledge but can hardly do anything when they enter the society. secondly, they lack of outdoor exercises because chinese children have endless homework. they live under the pressure of a lot of examinations. at the same time, they cant find a good place to do outdoor exercises. because of different education types, american family education and chinese family education show different methods. so we can try to turn our close education into open education.the methods of chinese family education also can be presented from four aspects: firstly, children have less right to speak, that is to say, chinese parents require their children to obey the rules and have few different ideas. secondly, chinese children have limited rights to choose and most of them would like to do things according to their parents willingness. thirdly, chinese parents always appear with an image of authority so their statuses are higher than their children at home. fourthly, chinese parents always destroy childrens privacy. for example, their school bags are searched, diaries are peeked and so on.iv. the differences on causes4.1 differences on history backgroundchina with a long history has a sort of cohesive and conservative sense of value, which is lack of the spirit of adventure and innovative consciousness. there is a shortage of environment in which people can accept new ideas. by contrast, america is a nation of immigrants with a short history. there remains so little traditional culture. with the influence of multi culture and sense of worth, it is easy to accept new thoughts and cultures, so american children are better at taking risks and innovation.4.2 differences on social conditionschina has a long history with a large population; therefore, there are so few opportunities to find a job, let alone a good job. getting high marks has become a necessary condition to have a good job and future. the condition of economy in america is better than that in china, so there are more employment opportunities in america. so far, social security system and old-age care have not been perfect in china. many chinese parents take their children as their private possession in order to receive the return of their children. for this reason, their childrens high scores have become their origin of pride. but in america, there is a prosperous development of economy and sane social security system, so american parents dont count on their childrens support. they see educating their children to be an independent, conscientious and kindhearted person as their duties.4.3 differences on traditional culture in china, people advocate collectivism which emphasizes the collective interests more important than personal interests. therefore, chinese parents usually replace childrens interests by their own wills and thoughts. they design childrens future standing in the adult angle. whats more, in chinese family, parents can raise their children during the lifetime. however, stressing personality, upholding individual development and caring about personal benefit are all the cores of american culture. rationalistic american parents insist that children after eighteen years old should be independent and not rely on their parents.4.3.1 different values americans pay attention to personality. their values are based on the individualism. they lay stress on their own benefits; they advocate