托福TPO(1-19)阅读答案.docx

answer key for t oefl readingtpo (1-19 ), og, official m odel te st, online test huangxiaoh tpo 1 . 4groundwater . 4the origins of theater . 4timberline vegetation on mountains . 5tpo 2 . 6the origins of cetaceans. 6desert formation . 9early cinema . 12tpo 3 . 15architecture. 15depletion of the ogallala aquifer . 15the long-term stability of ecosystem s . 16tpo 4 . 17deer populations of the puget sound . 17cave art in europe . 17petroleum resources . 18tpo 5 . 19minerals and plants . 19the origin of the pacific island pe ople . 19the cambrian ex plosion . 20tpo 6 . 21powering the industrial revolution . 21william smith . 21infantile amnesia . 22tpo 7 . 23the geologic histor y of t he mediterranean . 23ancient rome and greece . 23agriculture, iron, and the bantu peoples . 24tpo 8 . 25the rise of teotihuacan . 25extinction of the dinosaurs . 25running water on mars . 26tpo 9 . 27colonizing the americas via the n orthwest coast . 27reflection in teaching . 27the arrival of plant life in hawaii . 28tpo 10 . 29chine se pottery . 298variations in the climate . 29seventeenth-centur y european economic growth . 30tpo 11 . 31ancient egyptian sc ulpture . 31orientation and navigation . 31begging by nestlings . 32tpo 12 . 32whic h hand d id t he y u se ? . 32transition to sound in film . 33wat er in t he de sert . 33tpo 13 . 34types of social groups . 34biological clocks . 34methods of studying infant perception . 34tpo 14 . 34children and advertising . 34maya water problems. 34pastoralism in a ncient inner eurasia . 34tpo 15 . 34a warm-blooded turtle . 34mass extinctions . 34glacier formation . 34tpo 16 . 35trade and the ancient mi ddle east . 35development of the periodic table . 35planets in our solar system . 35tpo 17 . 35europes early sea trade with asia . 35animal signals in the rain forest . 35symbiotic relationships . 35tpo 18 . 35industrialization in thenetherlandsandscandinavia . 35the mystery of yawning . 35lightning . 35tpo19 . 36the roman armys impact on britain . 36succession, climax, and ecosystems . 36discovering the ice ages . 36official guid e re ading . 38applie d arts and fine arts . 38aggression . 39artisans and industrialization . 43swimming machines . 47nineteenth-century politics in the u nited states. 50the expression of em otions . 54geology and landscape . 58feeding habits of east african herbivores . 61loie fuller . 62green icebergs. 63online tes t . 64opportunists and com petitors . 64lascaux cave paintings . 65electricity from wind . 66official m odel tes t . 67meteorite impact and dinosaur extinction . 67tpo 1groundwater1. 32. 33. 24. 45. 46. 17. 18. 19. 310. 211. 412. 113. 414. 1 2 3the origins of theater1. 42. 13. 14. 45. 36. 37. 28. 49. 110. 211. 312. 413. 414. 2 5 6timberline vegetation on mountains1. 42. 13. 24. 35. 36. 27. 28. 19. 310. 411. 312. 413. 2 4 6tpo 2the origins of cetaceans1. 2this is a factual information question asking for specific information that can be found in paragraph 1. choice2 is the best answer. it is esse ntially a rephrasing of the statement in paragraph 1 that blowholes cannot disguise cetaceans affinitie s with other mammals. the other three c hoice s are refuted, either directly or indirectly, by that paragraph.2 1this is an infere nce que stion asking for information that can be inferred from paragraph 1 . choice 1 is the best answer because paragraph 1 says that sea otters are unlike early mammals whose appearances are not easy to imagine. by inference, then, the early appearance of sea otters m ust be ea sy (or not difficult) to imagine.3 3this is a vocabulary question. the word being tested is precious. it is highlighted in the passage. the correct answer is c hoice 3, valuable. anything that is precious is very im portant and therefore valuable.4. 3this is a factual information que stion asking for spec ific infor mation that can be found in the passage. choice3 is the best answer. paragraph 3 describes the differences a nd similaritie s between pa kicetus and m odern cetaceans. sentence 3 of that paragraph states that their skulls are similar. the other three choices describe difference s, not similarities.5.1this is a reference question. the word be ing tested is it. that word is highlighted in the passage. this is a simple pr onoun referent item. choice i , pakicetus is the c orrect answer. the word it here refer s to a creature that probably bred and gave birth on land. pakicetus is the only one of the c hoice s to which this could apply.6.2this is a vocabulary que stion. the word bei ng tested is exposed. it is highlighted in the pa ssage. the correct answer is choice 2, visible. exposed means unc overed. a skeleton that is uncovered can be seen. visible means can be seen.7. 4this is a factual information que stion asking for spec ific infor mation that can be found in the passage. choice4 is the best answer because it is the only detail about the skeleton of basilosaurus mentioned in paragraph 4, meaning that it is significant. choice 1 is true, but it is not discussed in the detail that choice 4 is, and does not represent the significance of the discovery. choice 3 is not mentioned, and c hoice 2 is not :me.8.4this is an inference que stion a sking for a conclusion that can be drawn from the e ntire passage. choice 4 is the best answer ba sed on the last sentence of paragraph 4, which de scribe s basilosaurus as a fully marine whale. that implie s that everything it did, including breeding and giving birth, could have been done only in a marine envir onme nt.9.2this is an inference question asking for a conclusion that can be drawn from the passage. paragraph 5 explains that this discover y provided im portant information to scientist s that they might not have been able to obtain without it. therefore, you can infer that the discovery wa s a lucky one. the passage offer s no support for the other choices. therefore, choice 2 is the best answer.10. 3this is a sentence sim plification question. as with all of the se items, a single sentence in the pa ssage is highlighted:the structure of the backbone shows, howe ver, that ambulocetus swam like modern whale s by m oving the rear portion of its body up and dow n, even though a fluke was missing.choice 3 is the be st answer because it contains all of the essential information in the highlighted sentence. choice 1 is not true because a mbulocetus did have a backbone. choice 2 is not true because the sentence says that the backbone showed how the ambulocetus swam, not that it was missing a fluke. choice 4 is untrue because the se ntence states that ambulocetus and moder n whales swam in the same way.11. 4this is a vocabulary question. the word bei ng tested is propulsion. it is highlighted in the pa ssage. choice 4, moving forward is the be st answer because it means the action of prope lling. the whale in the sentence used its hind legs to push itsel f forward in the water.12. 2this is an insert text question. you can see the four black squares in paragraphs 1 and 2 that represe nt thepossible answer choices here.extinct but already fully marine cetaceans are known fr om the fossil record. how was t he gap between a walking mammal and a swim ming whale bridged? mi ssing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans. very exciting discoverie s have finally allowe d scientists to reconstruct the m ost likel y origins of cetaceans. in 1979. a team looking for fossils in northern pakistan found w hat prove d to be the oldest fossil w hale.the sentence provide d i s this is a que stion that ha s puzzled scie ntists for ages. the be st place to insert it is at square 2. the sentence that precedes square 2 is in the form of a rhetorical que stion and the inserted sentence ex plicitly provide s a re sponse to it. none of the other sentences preceding squares is a que stion, so the inserted sentence cannot logically follow any one of them.13-14. 1 2 5desert formation1. 2this is a vocabulary que stion. the word being tested is threatened. it is highlighted in the