三年来高考新增词汇.doc

08年高考新增词汇a absence n, absent adj. abuse v. accommodation n. ache v&n acid n&adj acre , n.adjust v. afterwards adv. airplane n. alarm, n&v, album, n, ambassador n, amusement n, angle n, ankle n, annual adj, ant n, appointment n, arithmetic n, arrow n, ashamed adj, aside adv, astronomy n, atom n, automatic adj, avenue n b balloon, n, bamboo, n, banana, n, barbecue, n, barrier, n, bat, n, bathe, v&n, bathtub, n, beast, n, blouse, n, bonus, n, boot, n, brake, n&v, brand, n, bride, n, bridegroom, n, broken, adj, broom, n, bunch, n&v c cage n., camel n, canteen n., carpenter n., carriage n., carrot n., cartoon n., cell n.,centigrade adj, chalk n, chef n, chemist n, chess n, circus n, claw n, cloudy n, collar n, comedy n, commit v, commitment n, concept n, consideration n, constitution n, construct v, cookie n, cosy adj, counter n, courtyard n, crew n, cyclist n d decoration n, delighted adj, dentist n, dessert n, dial n dictation n, disappointed adj,dismiss v, divorce n&v, doll n, dot n&v, drawer n, drill n&v, drum n, drunk adj. duck n,dustbin n, dusty adj. e eagle n. easter n, edge n, eggplant n, elegant adj, embassy n, enjoyable adj, exit n f fade n&v, fare n, file n, finance n, flashlight n, flexible adj, fog n, frost n.g garlic n, giraffe n, golf n, graduation n, gram n, grape n, grateful adj, greengrocer n, grocery n, guarantee n&v, guitar n h ham n, hamburger n, harbour n&v, hen n, highway n, homeland n i icecream n, idom n, insert v j jaw, n ,jazz n, jeep n k kangaroo n, kettle n l lamb n, leak n, lemon n, lemonade n, lid n, literary adj, litter n, lung n m mat n, mess n, millimeter n, mist n, moral adj, moustache n, multiply v n needle n, nursery n o occupation n, okay interj, opera n, oral adj, outcome n, outgoing n, ox n p parcel n&v, parking n, pavement n, pea n, pepper n, postcode n, postman n, prayer n, preference n, preserve v&n, pub n, purple adj q qualification n r rail n, receipt n, reception n, recorder n, religious adj, revision n, revolution n, rid v, roast v s salad n, salesman n, salty adj, sausage n, scholar n, schoolboy n, security n, sew v, shopping n, shortly adv, sightseeing n, simplify v, sleeve n, spy n&v, steady adj, steak n, steep adj, straw n, strawberry n, string n, super adj, survival n, swear v, sweat n&v, swell v, swing v&n, sword n t television n, tension n, throat n, thread n, thunder n&v, timetable n, toothbrush n, tough adj, towel n&v, transform v, t-shirt n u uncomfortable adj, unwilling adj, user n v vase n, vehicle n, vest n, vital adj w wander v, warmth n, watermelon n, weekday n, whichever pron, whistle n&v, windy adj, winner n, worm n x x-ray n&v y yard n, yoghurt n,2009年高考英语部分新增词汇（附详解例句与考题）absence n.1. c,u缺席；不在场：i soon noticed his absence from the lecture. 我很快便察觉到他缺课。2.u缺乏；没有：the absence of definite proof 缺乏确凿的证据【用法】1.通常为不可数名词，但表示缺席或离开的次数或时间时，为可数名词：after an absence of three months 在离开3个月后 2.表示做某事缺席，其后通常接介词 from：his absence from school was caused by illness. 他缺课是因为生病。3.比较后接介词from和in的区别：nothing happened during his absence from america. 在他离开美国期间，没有发生什么。/ nothing happened during his absence in america. 当他不在此地而在美国的期间，没有发生什么。w。w。w.k。s。5。u.c。o。mabsent adj.1.缺席的；不在场的：how many students are absent (from class) today? 今天有多少学生缺席？ 2.漫不经心的；心不在焉的；茫然的：an absent stare 心不在焉的呆视 【用法】1. 用作形容词，可表示“缺席的”；要表示“做某事缺席”，其后常接介词 from：several students were absent from 高考资源网class today. 今天有几个学生上课缺席。有时根据不同的语境，也可能使用不同的介词：hes absent in beijing. 他外出了，现在北京。2. 用作形容词，有时表示“心不在焉，茫然的”等，通常只用作定语：she had an absent look on her face. 她脸上露出茫然的神色。【考点】so many directors _, the board meeting had to be put off. a. were absentb. been absentc. had been absentd. being absent 答案为 d。句意为：因为有许多董事缺席，董事会议只好推迟。填空处为独立主格结构。全句谓语为had to be put off，由于逗号前后两部分之间没有连接词，所以逗号前面的结构不能用完整谓语，而要用非谓语形式。abusevt.1.滥用：its important not to abuse your position. 重要的是不要滥用你的地位。2. 虐待：to abuse a horse 虐待一匹马 n. c,u滥用：an abuse of authority 职权的滥用【考点】it has been revealed that some government leaders _ their authority and position to get illegal profits for themselves. w。w。w.k。s。5。u.c。o。m a. employ b. take c. abuse d. overlook 答案为c。句意为：据透露，一些政府领导滥用职权，非法谋利。比较：employ 雇用；take 拿，带；abuse 滥用；overlook 俯瞰，远眺。accommodation n.1.u住处，办公处，停留处，招待设备：the price of your holiday includes your hotel accommodation. 你度假的价格包括了你的旅馆住宿费用。2.c, pl.住处，膳宿：he has several overnight accommodations. 他有好几处过夜的住处。【用法】在英国英语中不可数，在美国英语中通常用复数，但不能与不定冠词连用。acheeik vi.1.疼痛：his legs ached after playing football for two hours. 踢了两个小时足球后，他感到腿痛。2. 渴望：she is aching to go abroad. 她一直渴望到各国外去。n.c,u痛，疼痛：he has an ache in the back. 他的背痛。w。w。w.k。s。5。u.c。o。m【辨析】ache与pain：1. ache 主要指肉体局部持续的疼痛或隐痛：my back aches terribly. 我背痛得厉害。而 pain 是一般用语，可指轻微的痛或剧烈的痛，可指局部的痛或全身的痛，可指持续的痛或突发的痛等：the death of his father gave him much pain. 他父亲的死使他很悲痛。2. 由于 ache 常用于指局部的持续性疼痛，所以它常与某些表示身体部位的词构成合成词，表示身体的某处疼痛(此时通常不用 pain)：headache(头痛)，toothache(牙痛)等。acid adj.酸的，酸味的，刻薄的：is an apple an acid fruit? 苹果是酸味水果吗？ / her remarks were rather acid. 她的话有些尖酸刻薄。n.u,c酸，含有酸味的东西acre n.1.c英亩，田地：the playground has an area of about five acres. 这操场的面积约为五英亩。2.c复土地，地产：the rolling acres of farm land are very beautiful. 这些起伏不平的广阔田地真美。afterwards5b:ftewedz adv.后来，然后：lets eat first and go to the theater afterwards. 咱们先去吃饭，然后再去看戏。airplanen. c(美)飞机：the airplane took off on time. 飞机准时起飞。alarm n.1. c警报；警报装置：give the alarm 发出警报 / he sounded the alarm. 他鸣警报。2. c闹钟(= alarm clock)：what time shall i set the alarm for? 我该把闹钟拨到几点种响？3. u惊恐，惊慌：she was struck with alarm. 她饱受惊慌。vt.使惊慌，使不安：i was quite alarmed last night at the cry of “fire”. 昨天夜里听到“失火了”的喊声时，我十分惊慌。a false alarm 假警报 / raise (sound) the alarm发出警报album n.c粘贴簿(如相册、集邮簿、签名册、纪念册等)，唱片集：this is my stamp album. 这是我的集邮簿。w。w。w.k。s。5。u.c。o。mambassador n.c大使，使节，派驻国际组织的代表：the ambassador made forceful representations to the white house. 该大使向白宫提出了强烈抗议。【用法】表示驻某国大使，其后通常接介词to：he has been appointed an ambassador to peru. 他被任命为驻秘鲁大使。若指驻某地大使，则用介词in或at：the british ambassador in at washington 英国驻华盛顿大使 w。w。w.k。s。5。u.c。o。m【联想】embassy 大使馆 / ambassadress 女大使amusement n.1.u开心，愉快：i listened in amusement. 我听得十分开心。2.c娱乐(活动)，消遣(方式)：there were a lot of amusements in big cities. 大城市有许多娱乐(活动)。annual adj.每年的，年度的，一年生的：what is your annual income? 你的全年收入有多少？appointmen n. 1.c,u约会，约定：make (fix) an appointment with sb 与某人约会 / im afraid i wont be able to keep our appointment on monday. 对不起，星期一我不能赴约了。2.c职位，职务：get a good appointment 获得一个好职位 3. c,u委任，选派：the following appointments have been made at the ministry of national defense. 国防部作出如下任命。arithmeticn.u算术，计算：business arithmetic 商业算术 / he is good at arithmetic. 他擅长算术。【联想】geometrydvi5cmitri 几何 / algebra5aldvibre 代数 / function5fqnkfn 函数 / calculous5kalkjjles 微积分(学)arrow n.1. c箭：time flies like an arrow. 光阴似箭。2. c箭头：direction arrows 方向箭头ashamed adj.惭愧；害臊：are you ashamed for having lied? 你为撒了谎感到害臊吗? / i am ashamed for you. 我替你感到羞愧。/ you should be ashamed of your behavior. 你应该为你的行为感到羞愧。【辨析】ashamed与shameful：ashamed 意为“感到羞耻的”，shameful 意为“可耻的”、“丢脸的”：you should be ashamed of doing that. 你应该为自己做那样的事感到羞耻。it was shameful of them to surrender. 他们的投降是可耻的。高.考.资.源.风aside adv.在旁边；向旁边：stand aside and let these people pass. 靠边站，让这些人过去。n.c(戏剧中的)旁白；独白aside from (1)除之外(别无)：nobody, aside from him, could answer this question. 除他外，没人能回答这个问题。(2)除之外(尚有)：aside from being fun and good exercise, swimming is a very useful skill. 除了是乐趣和有益的锻炼外，游泳还是一种很有用的技能。(3)除外，如果不考虑：aside from the rainy weather, our vacation was fun. 除了天气阴雨外，我们的假期还是玩得很高兴的。【说明】aside from为美国英语，在英国英语中用apart from代之。astronomy n. u天文学：im very interested in astronomy. 我对天文学很感兴趣。atom n.1.c原子：water is made up of atoms of hydrogen and oxygen. 水是氢和氧的原子构成的。/ everything on the earth is made up of atoms. 地球上的每一种东西都是由原子构成的。2.c微粒，微量：there is not an atom of truth in what he said. 他所说的话没有丝毫真实性。/ there is not an atom of truth in the rumour. 这谣言一点也不真实。高.考.资.源.风atomice5tcmik a.原子的，原子能的，原子武器的 automatic a.1.自动的，机械的：an automatic washing-machine 自动洗衣机 / automatic alarm 自动报警 / the heating system in the hotel has an automatic temperature control. 旅馆里的取暖系统是自动调温的。2.不假思索的，无意识的：she knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic. 她对这一课极为熟悉，可不假思索地随口回答问题。/ most of our movements are automatic. 我们人体的大部分动作都是无意识的。3.必然的，自然的：a fine for this offence is automatic. 对于这种过失，罚款是必然的。avenue n.1. c(城市的)林阴路，大街：an avenue of poplars 白杨树的林阴大道2.c方法；途径：several avenues are open to us. 我们面前有几条可行之路。高考英语听力各情景常用参考词汇：购物： red, yellow, blue, black, gray, brown, green, pink, silver, white(颜色) suit, coat, dress, shirt, tie, jacket, shoes, brand（货物）,goods wood, wool, silk（材料） size, macth(n./v.), discount, brand, deal large, small, expensive, dear, cheap （形容词） try on, look good on sb., sell out, fit sb.well, complain, complaint, receipt(收据)cost, how many, how much shop, supermarket, grocery store, cart, bakery price, money, cash, check, dollar, yuan, pound, penney天气： sun, sunny, wind, windy, snow, snowy, rain, rainy, cloud, cloudy, sky, weather forcast fine, nice, beautiful, good, clear, bad, terrible, blue, dark spring, summer, actumn/fall, winter, warm, cool, hot, cold, freezing, wet, dry, drought, flood, storm, thunder, hurricane, lightening就餐：order, meal, food, drink, dish, plate, cup, bowl, apppetite, eat, taste, tasty, delicious, terrible, hungry, starve, full, stuffed, coffee, tea(milk, sugar), restaurant, cafe, bar, bill breakfast, lunch, supper, dinner, brunch(早中餐) 就医：hospital, ambulance, clinic, doctor, nurse, temprature, appetite, medicine, headache, stomachache, teethache, cough, flu, cold, high fever, back, stomach, leg, foot pain, ache, injure, hurt, cut, ease(减轻) , feel sick, feel well look at, examine, have a look at, take temprature, have a good rest, stay in bed, drink more water人物身份及关系：doctor, nurse, patient interviewer, interviewee waiter, waitress, customer teacher, student classmate, schoolmate husband, wife, couple frends, strangers, boss, manager, employer, secretary, employee, parent, children,kid colleagues, salesman, saleswoman, sales manager, shop assistant, neighbor/ neighbour baker, tailor, butcher, babysitter, robber, murderer旅游和交通：travel, travel agency, travel agent, holiday, business, hotel, book, relax, ride, drive, fly, board pack, package, delay, put off, postpone, call off, flight, by air, by airplane, by train, by bus, by car, by water, by boat ticket, passport, visa, luggage/baggage, transaction, transit, transfer, , boarding pass, drivers licence其他： world record, timetable, brake, alarm clock, scholarship, deposit, household appliances section, ferry, handbag, major, account, credit, card, form, composition, thesis, essay, paper, article, diaper(尿布) concert, band, film, movie, once, twice, hundred, thousand, million, billionrent, rob, input, output, review, quit, apply for, lay off, downsize, register, purchase, buy, dismiss, fire, draft,brilliant, fatal, urgent, professional, average(平庸的，一般的)，overtime, overweight, physical, mental, psychological, on a diet, lose weight 时间的表达方式： early morning, dawn, noon, aternoon, late evening, night year, month, week day, date yearly, monthly, weekly, daily（以10：30， 10：45， 10：55，11：00，11：05，11：15， 11：30 为例） it is thirty minutes to ten. 30 minutes= half an hour it is fifteen minutes to eleven. 15 minutes= a quarter of an hour it is five minutes to eleven. it is eleven oclock/ sharp(准时地，adv.) it is five minutes pass eleven. it is fifteen/ a quarter past eleven. it is eleven thirty. . 辨析词汇补充：1.family, house, home home 家，包括住处和家人，house房子，住宅，family家庭成员. my family is a happy one. 2. sound, voice, noise sound自然界各种各样的声音，voice人的嗓音，noise噪音i hate the loud noise outside. 3. vocabulary, word vocabulary词汇，一个人拥有的单词量，word具体的单词he has a large vocabulary.4. road, street, path, way road具体的公路，马路，street街道，path小路，小径，way道路，途径5. exercise, exercises, practice exercise运动，锻炼（不可数），exercises练习（可数），practice（反复做的）练习 practice makes perfect.6. speech, talk, lecture speech指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说，talk日常生活中的一般的谈话，讲话，lecture学术性的演讲，讲课 a series of lecture on7. work, job 二者均指工作。work不可数，job可数 a good job8. country, nation, state, land country侧重指版图，疆域，nation指人民，国民，民族，state侧重指政府，政体，land国土，国家 the whole nation was sad at the news. 9. problem, question problem常和困难连系，前面的动词常为think about, solve, raise，question常和疑问连系，多和ask, answer连用10. trip, journey, travel, voyage travel是最常用的，trip指短期的旅途，journey指稍长的旅途，voyage指海上航行 a three-day trip11. other, another other后接名词复数，another后接名词单数 other students, another student 12. not a little, not a bit not a little非常，not a bit一点也不 im not a bit tired. 我一点儿也不累。13. no, not no=not a/any no friend=not a/any friend no water=not any water14. fast, quickly fast侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点，quickly侧重指某事完成或发生的快 run fast, answer the question quickly 15. photo, picture, drawing photo用照相机拍摄的照片，picture可指相片，图片，电影片，drawing画的画 lets go and see a good picture. 16. most, mostly most用于表感受的肯定句中，相当于very，当大部分，大多数解时是形容词或名词，mostly大部分,是副词 most people, the people are mostly 17. just, very just表强调时是副词，作状语，very表强调时是形容词，用作定语 the very man, just the man 18. real, true real真的，真实的，指的是事实上存在而不是想象的，true真的，真正的，指的是事实和实际情况相符合 real gold, a true story19. . pleasant, pleased, pleasing pleasant常用作定语，pleased, pleasing常用作表语，pleased主语常为人，pleasing主语常为物 a pleasant trip the trip is pleasing.20. close, closely close接近，靠近，closely紧紧地，紧密地 closely connected, stand close 21. high, highly high具体的高，highly抽象的高，高度的 think highly of22. deep, deeply deep具体的深，deeply抽象的深，深深地 deeply moved, dig deep 23. wide, widely wide, 具体的宽， widely, 抽象的宽， 广泛地 widely used24. ill, sick ill做表语，sick定，表均可 a sick boy 25. good, well good形容词，well副词，但指身体状况是形容词 he is well again. 26. quiet, silent, still quiet安静的，可以发出小的声音，silent不发出声音，但可以动，still完全不动，完全无声响 he stand there still. 他站在那儿，一动不动，也不说话。 27. hard, hardly hard努力，hardly几乎不 work hard i can hardly believe it.28. almost, nearly 二者均为几乎,差不多 和否定词连用用almost almost nobody 29. late, lately late迟，晚，lately最近，近来 i havent seen him lately. 30. living, alive, live, lively living, alive, live均为活着的，living定表均可，alive定表均可，定语后置，live只能做定语，lively意为活波的 all the living people=all the people alive 31. bad, badly bad形容词，badly副词，不好，但与need, want, require连用为很，非常 go bad i need the book badly.32. raise, rise raise及物动词，rise不及物动词 the sun rises in the east. 33. bring, take, carry, fetch bring拿来，take带走，carry随身携带，fetch去回这一往返动作 fetch a box of chalk 34. spend, take, pay, cost spend人做主语，花钱，花时间; spendon sth./in doing sth; take物做主语，花时间; pay人做主语，花钱，pay for; cost物做主语，花钱35. join, join in, take part in join加入某个组织，并成为其中的一员；join in参加小型的活动, join sb. in；take part in 参加大型的活动 he joined the army five years ago. 36. learn, study learn学习，侧重学习的结果，study学习，侧重学