高考英语复习阅读理解全攻略.ppt

阅读理解全攻略 1、在平时的高考模拟题操练中，我最喜欢做的 题型是: 单选（ ） 完形（ ） 阅读（ ） 单词（ ） 改错（ ） 写作（ ） 原因:_ 2、在平时的高考模拟题操练中，我最不喜欢做 的题型是: 单选（ ） 完形（ ） 阅读（ ） 单词（ ） 改错（ ） 写作（ ） 原因:_ 3、对于英语高考，我最没有把握并想快速提高的 题型是: 单选（ ） 完形（ ） 阅读（ ） 单词（ ） 改错（ ） 写作（ ） 英语高考复习调查问卷 调查反馈 内容单选 完形 阅读 单词 改错 写作 百分比432183214 1、在平时的高考模拟题操练中，我最喜欢做 的题型是 原因： 题目短，易看懂，不用思考太多，用时少。 可以断断续续做，比较方便。 高考中遇见相似题型的可能性较大。 调查反馈 内容单选 完形 阅读 单词 改错 写作 百分比1013472037 2、在平时的高考模拟题操练中，我最不喜欢 做的题型是 原因： 词汇量大，句型复杂，篇幅长，较难读懂。 篇数太多，当读到D篇时已在崩溃边缘，读到 E篇时已完全麻木，若任务型简单些则能恢复 知觉，否则将昏迷不醒。 分值大，很多选项模棱两可难以抉择，失分率 较高，很有挫败感。 练习过程痛苦，见效太慢。 调查反馈 内容单选 完形 阅读 单词 改错 写作 百分比2014322338 3、对于英语高考，我最没有把握并想快速提 高的题型是 为伟大的英语高考 阅读事业奋斗不息！ 阅读理解题考查的是考生阅读理解英语 篇章的能力，文章涉及到人物、故事、经济、 政治、新闻、广告、科普、文化、社会等多 种题材, 涵盖了记叙文、说明文、议论文和 应用文等多种体裁，它考查的不仅是考生对 整篇文章的把握能力, 而且考查考生快速捕 捉信息, 准确理解特定细节以及复杂句子的 能力。考生不仅要理解文章的表层意思, 更 重要的是能通过文章的表层去合理推断, 挖 掘文章的隐含意义、延伸意义。 阅读理解考查内容 1、难度有波动，但总体上难度有所下降。 近三年阅读理解命题趋势 年份 2006 20072008 整卷难度系数 0.620.590.67 阅读理解难度系数 0.6770.678 0.70 2、阅读材料信息含量大，总阅读量（词）有 逐年增加的趋势，对阅读速度要求提高。 年份 第一节 第二节 总量 WPM 20062049476252563.1 20072377643302075.5 20082446568301475.3 08年浙江卷阅读理解命题分析 题材和体裁继续保持一贯风格，既注重多样 化、生活化、交际化，又体现实用性、时效性、 知识性、媒介性和服务性等主要特征，涉及个人 轶事、科技报道、社会生活、家庭教育、个人成 长等多方面的题材。体裁有新闻报道、记叙文、 说明文、议论文和夹叙夹议等。 综观全卷阅读理解部分，发现命题者设题手 法灵活，提问深入，语篇意识进一步得到加强。 所选文章原汁原味，语言地道；内容贴近学生生 活，具有强烈的时代气息；难度把握恰当，拓宽 了学生视野，融合了智力和素质要求。 考试大纲要求 1、理解主旨和要义； 2、理解文中具体信息； 3、根据上下文推断生词的词义； 4、做出简单判断和推理； 5、理解文章的基本结构； 6、理解作者的意图、观点和态度。 阅读理解命题分类 主旨大意型 事实细节型 词义猜测型 推理判断型 命题类 一、主旨大意型解题要领 A、干扰项 可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。 B、干扰项 可能属从文中某些 (不完全的) 事 实或细节片面推出的错误结论。 C、干扰项 可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。 D、正确项 是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳 概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过 其实或以偏概全。 一、主旨大意型常见提问形式 1. The main idea of the passage is _. 2. Which of the following statements best summarizes the authors main point? 3. This paragraph centers/focuses on _. 4. This passage is chiefly concerned with _. 5. The authors purpose in writing this passage is _. 6. What is the best title of the passage? 一、主旨大意型实战演练 (08浙江D)Tell a story and tell it well, and you may open wide the eyes of a child, open up lines of communication in a business, or even open peoples mind to another culture or race. People regard storytelling not only as a useful tool in child education, but also as a meaningful activity that helps adults understand themselves as well as those whose culture may be very different from their own. We are all storytellers. We all have a story to tell. We tell everybodys story. 一、主旨大意型实战演练 Question: Whats the main idea of the text? A.Storytelling can influence the way people think. B. Storytelling is vital to the growth of business. C. Storytelling is the best way to educate children in school. D. Storytelling helps people understand themselves and others. 从文中事实片面推出的错误结论 X 文中的一个具体细节 X 非文章事实的主观臆断 X 一、主旨大意型心得体会 寻找主题句往往是做好此类题 的关键。每段的主题句(常在首句、 尾句、首尾句、段落中和归纳分析) 一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大 意。而整篇文章的主题句往往隐藏 在首段或尾段。 二、事实细节型解题要领 难度 该题型难度系数值最低并占阅读题 （除任务型阅读）总数的50%左右。 分析 文章中心是论点，事实细节是论据或 主要理由；有关细节的问题常对文中 某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及 事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接 或间接在文章中找到答案。 要领 忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系， 决不能主观臆断。 二、事实细节型常见提问形式 1. Which of the following is TRUE ( Not True) according to the information in the passage? 2. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage? 3. The author mentions all the following except _. 4. In the passage, the author states that _. 5. 以when, where, who, what, how, why, how many/much等词引导的疑问句。 二、事实细节型实战演练 (08浙江E) One day, I told my mother Id changed my mind. I didnt want to make a success in the magazine business. “If you think you can change your mind like this,” she replied, “you will become a good-for-nothing.” She insisted that, as soon as school was over, I should start ringing doorbells, selling magazines. Whenever I said no, she would scold me. 二、事实细节型实战演练 Question: What did the mother do when the boy wanted to give up? A. She forced him to continue. B. She punished him. C. She gave him some money. D. She changed her plan. She insisted that, as soon as school was over, I should start ringing doorbells, selling magazines. Whenever I said no, she would scold me. 二、事实细节型心得体会 此题型最普遍的特征是题干中 的某些词语和表达方式与原文的词 语和表达方式相吻合，因此一般采 用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问 题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关 的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行 分析对比，找出答案。 三、词义猜测型常见提问形式 1. The word * could best be replaced by _. 2. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word *? 3. In the * paragraph, the word * means (refers to) _. 4. The underlined word * is the closest in meaning to _. 三、词义猜测型解题要领 同义法 常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or， 它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的 或递进的。 反义法 如hot and cold,give and receive等，或 前句为肯定，后句为否定。词与词之 间都起着互为线索的作用。 释义法 对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语 甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出 并加以解释说明。 情景推断法 根据上下文情景线索进行猜测。 (07浙江A) The following year, he met John Ridgway and was hired as an instructor at Ridgways School of Adventure in Scotland, where he learned about Ridgways cold-water exploits. Greatly interested, Saunders read all he could about North Pole explorers and adventures, then decided that this would be his future. 同义法实战演练 Question: The underlined word “exploits” is closest in meaning to _. A. journeys B. researches C. adventures D. operations Adventure explorers adventures Most women in Ghana the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved. 反义法实战演练 Question: Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “illiterate” ? A. repeat B. reiterated C. uneducated D. sick the educated the urban and rural,the young and old When Andrea Peterson landed her first teaching job, she faced the daunting task of creating a music program with almost no money for equipment or supplies in a climate where standard-based learning was the focus and music just provided a break for students and teachers. 释义法实战演练 Question: The underlined word “daunting” most probably means _. A. discouraging B. interesting C. creative D. unbearable of creating a music program with almost no money for equipment or supplies in a climate where standard-based learning was the focus and music just provided a break for students and teachers. One night the wind howled loudly in from offshore. He rushed next door to the hired hands sleeping room to wake him up. But the little man rolled over in bed and said firmly, “No sir.” Enraged by the response, the man wanted to fire him on the spot. 情景推断法实战演练 Question: The underlined word “Enraged” may probably mean_ . A. to be made angry B. to be made surprised C. to be made depressed D. to be made happy 四、推理判断型解题要领 分析 20题中常有6-8题。考查学生由文章的字 面信息推出未知信息或隐含信息的能力， 根据文章提供的事实和线索，进行逻辑推 理，推测作者未提到的事实或某事发生的 可能性、作者的倾向或意图、文章的论调 等。 要领 透过现象看本质，判断有据，推论有理 ， 忠实原文，切忌用自己的观点代替作者 的本意；全面分析所有相关信息，切忌 片面思考，得出片面结论；善于揣摩作 者思路，尽可能与作者的思路吻合。 四、推理判断型常见提问形式 1. It can be inferred from the text that _. 2. The paragraph following (before) the passage will most probably be _. 3. The writers attitude is _. 4. The author implied (suggested) that _. 5. We can conclude from the passage that_. 6. What is the tone of the author? 7. The passage is intended to _. 8. We can learn from the text that _. 四、推理判断型实战演练 (08浙江B)People who have lost the ability to understand or use words due to brain damage are called aphasics. Such patients can be extremely good at something else. From the changing expressions on speakers faces and the tones of their voices, they can tell lies from truths. According to Dr. Sacks, they are more gifted than normal people. Normal people may get carried away by words. Aphasics seem to understand human expressions better, though they cannot understand words. 四、推理判断型实战演练 Question: What do we learn from this text? A. What one says reflects how one feels. B. Aphasics have richer feelings than others. C. Normal people often tell lies in their speeches. D. People poor at one thing can be good at another. 任务型阅读解题要领 步骤一：认真阅读背景介绍，了解话题或主题 步骤二：仔细阅读题目，找出不同人物的不同 要求，并在关键词下划线 步骤三：对照题目的要求，从A、B、C、D、E 和F六项中选出符合以上要求的对应 条件 步骤四：快速对照要求和条件两条线索通读一 遍，做到万无一失，提高答题的准确 率。 采取“对应阅读方法 ” 1、快速读题，带着问题读文章。 有助于有的放矢地去读，并确定正确 的答案。 阅读理解解题策略 确定题干中的关键词 反映题干的中心 信息或能体现题干最大特征的词 时间、数字、专有名词、实义名词、抽象名 词、典型的形容词和副词以及主要的动词等 。 2、正确运用阅读策略，提高阅读效率 。 包含论点、论据、结论三大要 素，通过解释、举例来阐述观点 阅读理解解题策略 运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜 寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、 人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇 实质和文章传达的信息。 记叙文 以人物为中心，以时间或空间为 线索，按事件的发生、发展、结局展开故事 论述文体 3、关