高考英语二轮复习与增分策略 专题一 阅读理解 第二节 方法运用于命题课件

第二节 方法运用于命题 专题一 阅读理解 栏目 索引 阅读理解的常考命题 跟踪训练 1.细节理解题 细节理解题在高考英语阅读理解试题中所占比例最大，但这部分题目 相对来说比较简单，只要通过题干的关键词，在文中找到题目的相关 信息，仔细对比，就能得出答案。其正确选项特征为：同义替换、语 言简化、正话反说等。其干扰项特征为：张冠李戴、无中生有、曲解 文意、颠倒是非等。 阅读理解的常考命题 2.词义猜测题 高考阅读理解试题中对于词义猜测题的考查力度逐步加大。词义猜测是一 种阅读技巧和能力，考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某 一个生词、词组或者句子含义的能力，而这些词或词组往往超出考纲范围 。要做好该类试题需要：利用上下文线索猜测词义(重述、定义、举例、 同义词或近义词、反义词等)；根据语法知识猜测词义；根据上下文逻辑 猜测词义；根据构词法猜测词义；根据常识或背景知识猜测词义等。 3.推理判断题 推理判断题考查考生根据字面意思，通过逻辑关系，研究细节，推敲作者 的态度，理解文章寓意的能力。推理判断题涉及的可能是文中一句或几句 话，甚至是文章或段落的主题，弄清正确选项或干扰选项特征是做题的关 键。其正确选项特征为：立足原文，只推一步；一般不可出现绝对概念。 其干扰选项特征为：曲解文意、张冠李戴、偷梁换柱、无中生有、鱼目混 珠、扩缩范围等。 4.主旨大意题 主旨大意题主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，以概括中 心大意、段落大意、选择标题及判断作者写作意图等形式出现。其正确选 项特征为：涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段；确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也 不太小；精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。其干扰选项特征为 ：过于笼统，不知所云；以偏概全，主次不分；移花接木，偷换概念；无 中生有，生搬硬套等。 点津 解答各类命题时往往是多法并举，而不是一种方法解决一种题。 In the coming months，we are bringing together artists from all over the globe，to enjoy speaking Shakespeares plays in their own language，in our Globe，within the architecture Shakespeare wrote for.Please come and join us. 典例1 (2017全国，A) National Theatre of China Beijing|Chinese This great occasion(盛会) will be the National Theatre of Chinas first visit to the UK.The companys productions show the new face of 21st century Chinese theatre.This production of Shakespeares Richard will be directed by the Nationals Associate Director，Wang Xiaoying. Date they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers. 典例2(2017全国，B) The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference，we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV.We were respectful of craft(技艺) and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play.Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous，aggressive，and making fun of each otherbut always with an underlying affection.Those were also at the core(核心) of our relationship off the screen. We shared the belief that if youre fortunate enough to have success ，you should put something backhe with his Newmans Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill，and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival.Paul and I didnt see each other all that regularly，but sharing that brought us together.We supported each other financially and by showing up at events. I last saw him a few months ago.Hed been in and out of the hospital.He and I both knew what the deal was，and we didnt talk about it.Ours was a relationship that didnt need a lot of words. 语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和一位著名演员 Paul Newman之间的友谊。 解析 细节理解题。可运用扫读法、关键词法、关键信息定位法等解答 该题。根据第一段第二句“When the studio didnt want me for the filmit wanted somebody as well known as Paulhe stood up for me.” 可知，电影公司想要像保罗那样出名的人，由此可以判断，作者不够出 名，故选C项。 24.Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to the author at first? A.Paul Newman wanted it. B.The studio powers didnt like his agent. C.He wasnt famous enough. D.The director recommended someone else. 答案解析 25262427 25.Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship? A.They were of the same age. B.They worked in the same theater. C.They were both good actors. D.They had similar characteristics. 答案解析 25262427 解析 推理判断题。可运用扫读法、关键信息定位法、题段一致法、位 置特征法等解答该题。根据第二段最后两句“Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors：humorous， aggressive，and making fun of each otherbut always with an underlying affection.Those were also at the core(核心) of our relationship off the screen.”可知，作者与保罗在荧幕前和荧幕后都很幽默、有进取 心，并互开对方的玩笑，即他们两人有相似的性格，故选D项。 25262427 解析 代词指代题。可运用关键信息定位法、题段一致法、扫读法等解 答该题。根据第三段第一句“We shared the belief that.”以及下面对 belief的具体解释可知，画线处是指共同拥有这种“信念”使他们两人连 在一起，故选A项。 26.What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A.Their belief. B.Their care for children. C.Their success. D.Their support for each other. 答案解析 25262427 解析 写作意图题。可运用扫读法、关键词法、关键信息定位法等解答 该题。本文是按照时间顺序写的，从作者与保罗的最初相见，到友谊慢 慢加深，以及几个月前去看生病的保罗，由此可知作者写此文的目的是 回忆一位朋友，故选B项。 27.What is the authors purpose in writing the text? A.To show his love of films. B.To remember a friend. C.To introduce a new movie. D.To share his acting experience. 答案解析 25262427 A (2017福建师大附中期中) For most seventh graders，life doesnt get much harder than a history test.But for Grant Reed of Bellville，Ohio，its his own current events that are so painful.“Honestly，I dont want to die，” Grant says.Last year，doctors at Nationwide Childrens Hospital in Columbus found a tumor(肿瘤) in Grants brain.They cut it out，but the surgery left him with stroke-like symptoms.Plus，he had to go through months of radiation and chemotherapy to try to stop the spread of the disease. 跟踪训练 Yet，through it all，Grant has shown remarkable determination ，which he owes，partly，to Ohio State football.His parents，Troy and Denise，were both in the OSU marching band and fell in love during halftime of the Michigan game.His cat is named after the team Buckeye. His wardrobe is painted scarlet (the color of the teams sportswear).The point is，almost nothing mattered more to Grant than Ohio State footballuntil he got sick，of course. “I didnt like the word cancer，” Grant says.So he decided not to use the word.Instead，the kid named his cancer Michigan and insisted everyone in his life refer to it as such，because Ohio State always beats Michigan.That was something he could understand and make it into a competition.He was going to beat this disease. Its now been more than a year since Grant issued that announcement. “And if you look at his scans，” Dr.Randal at Nationwide Childrens says，“Theres nothing there.Theres a big space，but theres no tumor.” “Grant is beating Michigan.And although much of it has to go to science，dont ignore the semantics(语义学).You have to do something to make it a disease you can fight.And for Grant，that was naming it Michigan，” his parents say. This weekend，Ohio State and Michigan will be battling like their lives depend on it.But in this house，the Reed family will be watching with a calm insight：its just a game. 语篇解读 Grant得了癌症，但是他没有放弃，通过自己坚强的意志力和 医学的帮助，战胜了病魔。 语篇解读 解析 段落大意题。可运用扫读法、关键词法、关键信息定位法等解答 该题。根据文章第一段的句子“Last year，doctors at Nationwide Childrens Hospital in Columbus found a tumor(肿瘤) in Grants brain.”及为此接受的治疗等可知，该段主要介绍Grant得了重病。故选B 。 1.Whats the main idea of the first paragraph? A.History is a difficult subject. B.Grant suffered a serious disease. C.The operation was successful. D.The tumor has spread all over. 答案解析 231 解析 推理判断题。可运用扫读法、关键词法、关键信息定位法等解答 该题。根据文章第二段描述可知，Grant天生是个足球迷。故选A。 2.From the second paragraph，we can infer that . A.Grant was born a football fan B.football makes a full man C.interest is the best teacher D.God helps those who help themselves 答案解析 231 解析 推理判断题。可运用扫读法、关键词法、关键信息定位法等解答 该题。根据文章最后一段的句子“But in this house，the Reed family will be watching with a calm insight：its just a game.”可知，Reed一 家用冷静的视角看待比赛，说明他们对人生有了新的理解。故选C。 3.By saying that its just a game，we can infer that the Reed family . A.has lost interest in the match between Ohio State and Michigan B.believes Michigan will surely beat Ohio State this weekend C.has a better understanding of life D.views the match as a matter of life and death 答案解析 231 B (2017湖北武汉调研) In Switzerland，the land of watches，trains really do run like clockwork.“If Im 30 seconds late，the train is gone，” said Michelle Kranz，who commutes(通勤) daily into Lucerne，where she works for the tourist board. Step across the border，and youre in a different universe.Italy has two rail schedules：the one printed in the brochure and the other，flashing updates，on a board in the station.The first may be a fantasy； the second，reality.Next to posted departures，“Invariably you see the word ritardato(delayed)，” said Rick Steves，who writes guidebooks and runs a tour company called Europe Through the Back Door in Edmonds，Wash. Your time or my time？When traveling，youre in their time.And that can affect almost everything：catching trains and buses，shopping， getting a meal and making appointments. Knowing a little about the culture can prevent much of the frustration.“Its important to go with the flow，”Steves said.“If you go to a restaurant in Spain at 7 pm，thats bad news.The staff is eating then.Try going after 9 pm，as the Spaniards do.For the Swiss，the earlier the better，say 6 pm；after 10，a tourist hoping for a hot meal in Switzerland just might go hungry.” However，in some Latin American nations，hours and minutes seem hardly to matter.“In Mexico，guests invited to a 6 pm social dinner think nothing of showing up two or three hours later，”said Terri Morrison，who is updating a 1995 guide she co-wrote called Kiss， Bow or Shake Hands：How to Do Business in More than Sixty Countries for release next year.In fact，its wise to arrive at least an hour later for dinner in Mexico City，Morrison said，to avoid embarrassing an unprepared host. There are many theories as to why time doesnt fly at the same speed around the globe.Climate，economics and culture may play a role. 语篇解读 本文描述了瑞士、意大利、西班牙、墨西哥等几个国家对于 时间的理解，有些国家非常守时，而有些国家却经常推迟时间，不同的 国家有不同的文化习俗，到一个不同的国家记得要“入乡随俗”。 语篇解读 4.Which country does best in punctuality? A.Switzerland. B.Italy. C.Spain. D.Mexico. 解析 细节理解题。可运用扫读法、关键词法、关键信息定位法等解答 该题。根据第一段第一句可知，在手表之都瑞士，火车运行就像钟表一 样准时。所以在准时方面，瑞士做得最好。故选A项。 答案解析 5647 5.What can be learned