高中英语 unit 4 global warming单元质量评估 新人教版选修

系统掌握蕴含其中的马克思主义立场观点方法，要在系统学习、深刻领会、科学把握习近平教育思想上下功夫。精心组织开展学习宣传贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神知识问答活动。单元质量评估(四)时间：100分钟分数：120分第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。AThis assertion(断言) belongs to Albert Einstein that in life imagination is more important than knowledge.Another important thing that goes together with imagination and knowledge is intelligence.This contributes to our behaviour in society, to our integration(整合) in different groups of people and helps us manage in extreme situations of our life.First of all, imagination can be noticed mostly at intelligent persons.However, everybody has a certain degree of imagination, be it higher or slower.Consequently, each one of us uses his imagination in the every day life and contributes at making different inventions, some of them being very useful to the mankind.Here we can mention the inventions that men of science and not only have invented for the benefit of the developing of society: the bulb, the radio, the telephone, the steam, the Internet and so on.On the contrary, knowledge is important but only if people know how to apply it in different fields of activity.However, one has to be intelligent enough and have imagination in order to achieve his goals in life.According to all these, I believe that imagination undergoes knowledge, the latter needing learning and time in order to be achieved, whereas the former appears as the result of ones degree of intelligence.We can take the rapid development of the Japanese society as an example of both imagination and knowledge.People there are very intelligent and have known to take advantage of their knowledge to modernize their society.Therefore, theyve organized their market economy using the experiences of the west countries.The military navy and the parliamentary regime(议会政体) took over the English system and the American one in the field of education.Hence, all of these factors were put into functioning taking also into consideration the Japanese specific culture and traditions.If we were to conclude asking if Albert Einstein was right or not, we can only say that it all depends on whom we ask, what we ask about and when.But there is one thing that I am sure about, that is imagination is more important than knowledge.【语篇解读】文章论述了想象力比知识更重要的观点。1Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?AEverybody has the same degree of imaginationBThe rapid development of the japanese societyCImagination is more important than knowledgeDTips on how to learn from other countries解析：主旨大意题。本文为议论文，论述的观点为“想象力比知识更重要”。短文第一段第一句提出了论点“in life imagination is more important than knowledge”，文章用大量的篇幅加以论证这个论点，最后一段最后一句回扣主题，进一步总结作者的论点“that is imagination is more important than knowledge”。由此可以推断C项做文章标题合适。答案：C2We know from the passage that intelligence _Ais the major source of imagination and knowledge Bplays the most important role in ones achievement Chas nothing to do with imagination and knowledgeDcan help us deal with extreme situations of our life解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“This contributes to our behaviour in society, to our integration in different groups of people and helps us manage in extreme situations of our life.”可知选项D正确。A项短文没有提到；B项太绝对；根据第一段中的“Another important thing that goes together with imagination and knowledge is intelligence.”可排除C。答案：D3By giving the example of the rapid development of the Japanese society, the author _Aexplains the relationship between imagination and knowledgeBwants to tell us the importance of both imagination and knowledgeCintends to give some advice on how to modernize the societyDexpresses his own opinion on how to borrow ideas from others解析：推理判断题。根据第五段第一句“We can take the rapid development of the Japanese society as an example of both imagination and knowledge.”以及整段内容可以推测，作者以日本社会的快速发展作为例子说明日本人既发挥想象力同时又具备充分的知识，由此可以推测，作者想告诉我们的是想象力和知识的重要性。故B项正确。答案：BBSleeping in a room with too much light has been linked to an increased risk of gaining weight，a study shows.A team at the Institute of Cancer Research in London found women had larger waistlines if their bedroom was “light enough to see across” at night.However，they say there is not enough evidence to advise people to buy thicker curtains or turn off lights.The women were asked to rate the amount of light in their bedrooms at night as：Light enough to read.Light enough to see across the room，but not read.Light enough to see your hand in front of you，but not across the room.Too dark to see your hand or you wear a mask.Their answers were compared to several measures (程度) of obesity.These measures were all higher in women with lighter rooms.Prof Anthony Swerdlow of the Institute of Cancer Research told the BBC：“In this very large group of people there is an association between reported light exposure at night and overweight and obesity.But there is not enough evidence to know if making your room darker would make any difference to your weight.There might be other explanations for the association，but the findings are interesting enough to guarantee further scientific investigation.”The light is disrupting (干扰) the body clock，which comes from our evolutionary (进化的) past when we were active when it was light in the day and resting when it was dark at night.Light changes moods，physical strength and even the way we process food in a 24hour cycle.Prof DerkJan Dijk，from the Surrey Sleep Centre，said there would be no harm in trying to make bedrooms darker.He told the BBC：“People in general are not aware of the light present in their bedroom.I think people should assess their bedroom and see how easy it would be to make it darker.” “Overall this study points to the importance of darkness，” he concluded.【语篇解读】明亮的卧室与肥胖有关系。4What does the passage mainly talk about?APeople should buy thicker curtains.BLight bedrooms are linked to obesity.CPeople should turn off lights.DDark bedrooms are linked to obesity.解析：主旨大意题。根据全文内容尤其是第一段“Sleeping in a room with too much light has been linked to an increased risk of gaining weight，a study shows.”可知，本文主要讲述的是在光线太强的房间睡觉会有增加肥胖的风险。答案：B5What will make the researchers go on their scientific investigation? ALight exposure.BThe interesting findings.CMore people with obesity.DDarker bedrooms effect.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，对于很多人来说，夜间曝光与超重以及肥胖有关，但没有足够的证据表明，如果将房间灯光调暗，体重会有变化。但是这个发现很有趣，足以促使进一步的科学研究。答案：B6The author writes the fourth paragraph in order to show _Amanmade light can disrupt the body clockBmanmade light is a product of evolutionCthe body clock wont be disrupted by anythingDthe body clock can change our mood and physical strength解析：细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，作者写本段是为了说明人造光会干扰生物钟。答案：A7Whats Prof DerkJan Dijks attitude towards the dark room?ANegative.BDoubtful.CFavourable. DUnclear.解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，德克简迪克教授称，将卧室的光线调暗没有坏处，并且这个研究总体指明黑暗的重要性。由此推断，德克简迪克教授对黑暗的卧室持赞成态度。答案：CCAs a parent，you must be happy when seeing your kid studying just after dinner in the evening.But sometimes you may be worried because its a nightly predicament in many households: A student hits a wall doing homework，and parents are too tired or too busy to help.Ordering a tutor is becoming as easy for kids as having a latenight snack.With rapid growth in companies offering online tutoring，students can use a credit card to connect，sometimes in less than a minute，with a live tutor.Such services can be especially helpful to students with small budgets or little time or those in remote areas.Prices，ranging from about D|S24 to D|S45 an hour，are lower than what many skilled tutors charge in a students home.And parents and students say the quick homework fix can reduce stress and make evenings at home more peaceful.“The quality of online teacher support can be uneven(不稳定的)，and online tutors may not be the best for struggling students who need longterm help.Courses can break down due to technical problems，and language barriers (障碍) can cause problems on sites that rely on tutors from abroad，”says Michael Horn，executive director of education for the Clayton Christensen Institute.Most sites get the support of parttime or retired teachers，college professors or professionals with tutoring experience; most offer scheduled tutoring in addition to ondemand courses.The most common users are middle school students，and college students taking basic courses.Yamini Naidu，president of the National School Public Relations Association，says，“Students who come to courses with a list of questions or assignments to work onand who block out time to concentratebenefit most.Text chats occasionally stop，though，if students are distracted (分心) or start doing other tasks.Online tutors fill a huge gap that can never be filled by parents.”【语篇解读】许多家庭每天晚上都会遭遇这样的困境：家长无法辅导孩子做作业。在线家教或许能帮助解决这个问题。8What does the underlined word “predicament” in the first paragraph mean?ADifficulty. BTradition.CGame. DDiscussion.解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“A student hits a wall doing homework，and parents are too tired or too busy to help.”可知，当学生在做作业遇到问题时，家长可能因为太累或者太忙而无法辅导孩子，这对于很多家庭来说都是一件困难的事。由此可猜测画线词的含义是“困难，困境”。答案：A9What do we learn from the second paragraph?AStudents can enjoy online tutoring conveniently.BOnline services are especially for college students.CStudents prefer online tutoring to a latenight snack.DOrdering an online tutor costs at least D|S45 per hour.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Ordering a tutor is becoming as easy for kids as having a latenight snack.”可知，订购在线家教跟吃夜宵一样容易，也就是说对于学生来说在线家教很便捷。答案：A10What does Michael Horn mainly talk about in Paragraph 3?AThe goals of online tutoring.BThe development of online tutoring.CThe problems of online tutoring.DThe functions of online tutoring.解析：主旨大意题。根据第三段内容可知，迈克尔认为在线家教存在师资质量、在线技术和语言障碍等方面的问题。由此可知第三段介绍的是在线家教目前遇到的问题。答案：C11According to the passage，online tutoring sites _Aare set up mainly by teachers or professorsBoffer more than one kind of coursesCare only about basic coursesDmainly help middle school students解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“.most offer scheduled tutoring in addition to ondemand courses.”可知，大多数在线家教都会根据学生的需要提供课程。由此可推知，在线家教会给学生提供多种课程。答案：BDDroughts(干旱) caused by global climate change have led to a drop in wheat production, a worldwide shortage and high food prices around the world.The global wheat supply is at its lowest point in 50 years, with only an estimated 10 weeks of supply left.This has been one factor pushing the prices of bread, beer and other wheatcontaining foods steadily higher.According to Hilton Dinner, a bakery owner from Edmonton, Canada, the price of flour has more than doubled over the past eight months.In 19 years of business, Dinner said, he has never seen prices rise like this.“Prices creep up seasonably，” he said.“They might go up 10 percent, then down 5 percent.They never go back to where they started, but they creep.This is not creeping, this is drastic.”Also to blame for the global wheat shortage is the rising population, coupled with increasing meat consumption worldwide.This has led to the increasing diversion of grain to animal feed.Analysts anticipate that the shortage may be resolved within 12 months, as farmers pull fallow land into wheat production.But even when the shortage resolves, food prices are only expected to keep climbing due to other factors, such as high energy and shipping costs.“Its not something thats going to go away，” Dinner said.“Food in general is going to go up.As wheat goes up, so does the price of eggs and chicken because they eat grainbased feed.It affects people who cant afford to pay more for their food.”Public health experts have expressed concern about the effect that rising food prices have on the poor.The United Nations recently reported that in 2007, the cost of food imports in the worlds neediest countries increased 24 percent, to a total of D|S107 billion.【语篇解读】气候变化引起干旱，干旱又引起小麦产量的下降，产量下降又引起小麦价格的上涨。12The indirect reason for a drop in wheat production is _Athe droughtBthe global climate changeCthe shipping costDthe rising population解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第一句内容可知答案。答案：B13According to the first paragraph, the prices of wheat products rise _Asuddenly Bgradually Cslowly Drapidly解析：细节判断题。根据第一段特别是“the price of flour has more than doubled over the past eight months.”可知，小麦产品的价格上涨非常快。答案：D14The wheat shortage may disappear if _Athe empty lands are used to plant wheatBthe shipping costs are falling downCchickens dont feed on wheat any moreDbeer isnt made from wheat any more解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Analysts anticipate that the shortage may be resolved within 12 months, as farmers pull fallow land into wheat production”可知答案。答案：A15The passage mainly tells us that _Apoor people cant afford foodBthe rising population leads to high food pricesCthe global climate change causes wheat shortageDfood prices are going to go down解析：主旨大意题。本文讲述的是因为气候的变化引起小麦的短缺。故C为文章的主旨大意。答案：C第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Most cars have seat belts as part of their equipment.Seat belts protect drivers and passengers in case of accidents.They also reduce the effect of a crash on the body._16_Worldwide，the devices have protected up to a million people.America first recognized the invention of an automobile seat belt in 1849.The government gave a patent to an engineer named Edward Claghorn of New York City so that others would not copy his invention of a safety device._17_ This early version of safety belt was said to include hooks and other attachments for securing the person to a fixed object.Other inventors followed with different versions of the seat belt._18_ It resulted from the work of a Swedish engineer，Nils Bohlin.His threepoint，lap and shoulder seat belt first appeared on cars in Europe 50 years ago.Nils Bohlin recognized that both the upper and lower body needed to be held securely in place.His invention contained a cloth strap(带子) that was placed across the chest and another strap across the hips._19_Volvo was the first company to offer the modern seat belt to its cars.This company also provided use of Nils Bohlins design for other carmakers._20_ He received a gold medal from the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences in 1995.He died in Sweden in 2002.AThe Swedish engineer won many honours for his seat belt.BClaghorn was a promising young engineer with many honours all his life.CThe design joined the straps next to the hip.DThere are many companies adopting Nils Bohlins invention of the seat belt.ESafety experts say that seat belts save thousands of lives a year in America alone.FBut more than 100 years passed before the current seat belt was developed. GClaghorn called his invention a safety belt.答案：16.E17.G18.F19.C20.A第二部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Karen，Judy and I were the last ones back in the school room after lunch and all of the other sixth graders were already playing outside.“Wow！How _21_ it would be to write on the blackboard while everyone is _22_，” Judy said.“But Mrs Eiffler doesnt want us writing on the _23_，”I responded.“Janet，everyone is outside.No one will ever _24_，”said Karen，reaching into the box and drawing out a piece of _25_Judy also began drawing.I reluctantly(不情愿地) _26_ my friends，but was afraid of being _27_Then Judy had an idea.“Were all righthanded.Lets see who can write their _28_ best using their left hand.”Judy and Karen started writing.I chose a piece of white chalk from the box and wrote my name.“Wed better get this board cleaned off _29_ Mrs Eiffler comes back，”said Judy，eyeing the clock.She picked up a(n) _30_ and began removing our names from the board._31_ came off，but my name!I _32_ looked at the white chalk I used and found it wasnt chalk at all，but a white crayon(蜡笔)！My knees felt _33_Hurriedly，we tried many ways，but my name still _34_At last，Karen got a knife and scraped it.It _35_ finally，but we left an abrasion(磨损处) on the blackboard.As the bell rang，the teacher walked in soon.Mrs Eiffler never asked about the abrasion and maybe never _36_ it.But I did.Every time I walked past the blackboard，I _37_Although over forty years have passed since the event，I _38_ remember the lesson.“No one will ever know” is never _39_Even if no one else found out，I myself knew.Sometimes living with a _40_ conscience is punishment enough.【语篇解读】做亏心事时不要以为别人不知道，因为即使别人不知道你也会遭到良心的谴责。21A.usefulBfunCstupid Dnecessary解析：当大家都在外面的时候在黑板上写字该是多么有趣的(fun)事啊！答案：B22A.asleep BinsideCoutside Dpresent解析：根据文章第一句中的“and all of the other sixth graders were already playing outside”可知，此处表示其他人都在外面(outside)。答案：C23A.blackboard BbookCdesk Dfloor解析：根据上文中的“write on the blackboard”可知，此处填blackboard。答案：A24A.exist BknowClaugh Drefuse解析：根据文章最后一段中的“No one will ever know”可知，此处填know。答案：B25A.cloth BwoodCpaper Dchalk解析：她们在黑板上写字，应该是抽出一支粉笔(chalk)。答案：D26A.invited BwelcomedCguided Djoined解析：联系下文可知，作者勉强加入(joined)到朋友们中，但是心里却很害怕被抓住(caught)。答案：D27A.followed BpraisedCcaught Daffected解析：参见上题解析。答案：C28A.address BclassCname Ddream解析：朱迪有了个主意：“我们都习惯用右手，让我们看看谁能用左手将自己的名字(name)写得最棒。”下一段中的“I chose a piece of white chalk.my name”也是提示。答案：C29A.until BbeforeCafter Dsince解析：朱迪说：“我们最好在艾夫勒夫人回来之前(before)把黑板擦干净。”答案：B30A.bucket BknifeCeraser Dbox解析：根据后半句中的“removing”可知，她拿起了一块黑板擦(eraser)。答案：C31A.Nothing BEverythingCAnything DSomething解析：所有的东西(Everything)都被擦掉了，除了作者的名