中考英语专题复习 非谓语动词（语法考点精讲真题精炼）

在学生就要走出校门的时候，班级工作仍要坚持德育先行，继续重视对学生进行爱国主义教育、集体主义教育、行为规范等的教育，认真落实学校、学工处的各项工作要求非谓语动词考点一动名词的用法动名词由动词原形+-ing构成，与现在分词形式一样。 但动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语和定语。1. 动名词作主语动名词作主语时，谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。如：Smoking is harmful. 吸烟是有害的。Drinking milk is good for your health. 喝牛奶对你的健康有益。Getting up early is good for your health. 早起对你的健康有益。2. 动名词作表语动名词作表语时可以转换为动名词作主语。如：The nurses job is looking after the patients. =Looking after the patients is the nurses job. 护士的工作就是护理病人。3. 动名词作宾语有些动词后面必须用动名词作宾语，而不能跟不定式或分词。常见的这类动词有mind，finish，enjoy，practice，keep，miss，consider，suggest等。如：Would you mind my smoking? 你介意我抽烟吗? I finished doing my homework. 我做完作业了。【巧学妙记】只能跟动名词作宾语的动词(短语)列举：完成、实践、值得忙(finish，practice，be worth，be busy)；继续、习惯、别放弃(keep，be used to，give up)；考虑、建议、不禁想(consider，suggest，cant help，feel like)；喜欢、思念、要介意(enjoy，miss，mind)。例1The shoes are worn out;whats more，they arent worth . A. to mendB. mendingC. mendedD. for mending解析：句意：这鞋穿坏了，而且它们不值得修了。be worth doing值得做。故选B。答案：B例2Nick，would you mind those old jeans? They look terrible. A. not to wearB. not wearC. wearing notD. not wearing解析：mind后面跟动名词，否定形式为mind not doing。故选D。答案：D4. 动名词作定语动名词作定语时，表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等，一般置于被修饰的词前。如：He slept in the sleeping bag. 他在睡袋里睡觉。She is reading in the reading room. 她在阅览室里看书。5. 短语后的动名词和固定搭配中的动名词能接动名词的短语有很多，初中阶段常见的有： be busy(忙于)，be worth(值得)，cant help(禁不住)，give up(放弃)，be used to(习惯于)，stop/prevent/keep. from(阻止)，look forward to(盼望)，feel like(想要)，think of，spend. (in)(花费做某事)，be good at(擅长)，be interested in(对感兴趣)，succeed in(成功)等。如： Were the Blacks used to living here? 布莱克一家住在这儿习惯吗? Lucy looked forward to getting beautiful birthday presents. 露西盼望得到漂亮的生日礼物。例1用所给动词的适当形式填空The strange cup was used for (drink)wine. 解析：be used for“用于”，后用动名词作宾语。答案：drinking例2Tom prefers to . Lets ask him to take part in our dancing club! A. singing;dancingB. dancing;singingC. to sing;dance解析：在本对话中，由our dancing club可知，汤姆更喜欢跳舞。上句句意：比起唱歌，汤姆更喜欢跳舞。故本题答案为B。答案：B考点二分词分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词具有主动和正在进行的含义，而过去分词则具有被动和已经完成的含义。分词在句子里可作表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。1. 分词作表语现在分词作表语时，表示主语的性质、特征；过去分词作表语时，表示人的心理、精神状态，即喜怒哀乐等。如：The movie was exciting. 这电影激动人心。He was very surprised at the news. 他对这个消息很吃惊。例The book is . Most of the teachers are in it. A. interesting；interestedB. interesting；interestingC. interested；interestingD. interested；interested解析：句意：这本书很有趣。大多数老师对它很感兴趣。第一句的主语为book，用interesting作表语，表示其特征；第二句的主语为teachers，用interested作表语，表示人的心理。答案选A。答案：A2. 分词作宾语补足语(1)see，watch，hear，keep，find，notice等动词后可以用分词作宾语补足语。现在分词作宾语补足语，表示动作正在进行。句子的宾语是现在分词的逻辑主语，它们之间存在主动关系。而过去分词作宾语补足语时，与宾语之间是被动关系。如：I found him reading a novel. 我发现他在看小说。I found him crowded by boys. 我发现他被男孩们围着。(2)have/get sth. done表示“让别人做某事”，其中的过去分词作宾语补足语。如：Ill have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我将让人理发。I must get my bike repaired. 我必须让人修理我的自行车。3. 分词作定语分词作定语时，单个分词放在被修饰的名词前；分词短语则须置于被修饰的名词之后。如：The swimming boy called out to her，but she didnt hear him. 正在游泳的男孩朝她喊叫，但她没有听见。The broken window needs repairing. 那扇破窗户需要修理。Do you know the boy standing at the door? 你认识站在门口的那个男孩吗? The car bought by my father is made in Germany. 我爸爸买的那辆汽车是德国生产的。4. 分词作状语分词作状语时，主要表示时间、原因、条件、结果等情况。如：They went out of the classroom，talking and laughing. 他们有说有笑地走出了教室。(伴随状语)The car，hit badly，cant move at all. 那辆汽车由于被撞得很严重，根本无法移动。(原因状语)考点三动词不定式动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此可在句中作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语等。1. 作主语To travel around China is my dream. 环游中国是我的梦想。Its our duty to clean the classroom. 打扫教室是我们的责任。【注意】(1)动词不定式短语作句子主语时，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。(2)不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，把真正的主语放在句末，即 “It is+adj. /n. +to do sth. ”。 例I often have hamburgers for lunch. Youd better not. Its bad for you too much junk food. A. eatB. to eatC. eatingD. ate解析：it为形式主语，动词不定式to eat too much junk food 作真正的主语。答案：B2. 作表语不定式作表语时，主要表示愿望、责任、义务等，一般可转化为动词不定式作主语。如：His wish is to be a policeman. =To be a policeman is his wish. 当一名警察是他的愿望。3. 作宾语decide(决定)，would like(想要)，hope(希望)，plan(计划;打算)，want(想要)等后跟动词不定式作宾语。如：We agreed to start early. 我们答应早点动身。They planned to go hiking. 他们计划去徒步旅行。【巧学妙记】后可跟to do作宾语的动词(短语)列举：想要、拒绝、忘记(want/would like，refuse，forget)；需要、努力、学习(need，try，learn)；喜欢、同意、帮助(like，agree，help)；希望、决定、开始(hope/wish，decide，begin/start)。【注意】动词不定式作宾语时，后面如果是形容词作宾补，通常用it作形式宾语，而把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后。如：The man found it difficult to get to sleep. 那个人发觉很难入睡。例Tony wants a job as a language teacher in China. A. to findB. findingC. find解析：动词want后跟不定式作宾语，构成want to do sth. 结构，意为“想做某事”。答案：A4. 作宾语补足语常见的接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：tell(告诉)，ask(请求)，want(想要)，order(命令)，teach(教)，invite(邀请)，prefer(更喜欢)，allow(允许)，wish(希望)等。如：I told him not to draw on the wall. 我告诉他别在墙上画画。My brother taught me to read when I was three. 我三岁时，我哥哥就教我读书。We wish her to go to a good college. 我们希望她能上一所好大学。例1Parents often ask us water in our life. A. saveB. savingC. to saveD. saves解析：ask sb. to do sth. 表示“让/请求某人做某事”，为固定结构。答案：C例2Take time to relax by listening to music，reading a book or just spending some time alone. Relaxing allows you to your students with more energy. A. returnB. to returnC. returning解析：allow sb. to do sth. “允许某人做某事”，动词allow后用不定式作宾补。答案：B【注意】在使役动词make，let，have和感官动词“三眼”see(看)，watch(观看)，notice(注意)；“两耳”hear(听见)，listen to(听)；“一感觉”feel(感觉)等动词后面，不定式作宾语补足语时，要省略to。但在变为被动语态时，要加上to。help后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式既可带to，也可不带to。如：Lucy often helps her mom (to) do some housework. 露西经常帮妈妈干些家务。例The assistant wont let you the cinema if you dont have a ticket. A. enterB. to enterC. entering解析：let sb. do sth. 意为“让某人做某事”，为固定搭配。答案选A。答案：A5. 作状语动词不定式短语可以放在不及物动词，如come，go，travel，leave，run等以及一些表语形容词，如sorry，glad，surprised，disappointed，excited等后作目的、原因、结果等状语。如：I come to see you. 我来看你。I am sorry to trouble you. 很抱歉打扰你。Im surprised to see you here. 在这儿见到你我很惊讶。6. 作定语动词不定式短语作定语时，应放在所修饰的名词、代词之后。动词不定式与被修饰的词之间是动宾关系。如：I have a lot of work to do. 我有很多工作要做。【注意】如果作定语的动词不定式短语中的动词是不及物动词，切记不能漏掉介词。如：I have a small bedroom to live in. 我有一间小卧室居住。Do you have a pen to write with? 你有写字的钢笔吗? 例Do you know Neil Armstrong? Yes. He is the first man on the moon. A. walkB. walksC. to walkD. walked解析：the first man to walk on the moon“第一位在月球上行走的人”，不定式作定语。答案：C考点四常考的不带to的动词不定式1. 感官动词和使役动词后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，可概括为“一感(feel)，二听(listen to，hear)，三让(let，make，have)，四看(look at，see，watch，notice)”。I heard someone knock at the door just now. 刚才我听到有人敲门。We saw him enter the room. 我们看到他进了这个房间。【注意】感官动词后接不定式短语作宾语补足语时，强调动作经常发生或动作发生的全过程；而接现在分词时则强调动作正在进行。试比较：I often see him play basketball on the playground. 我经常看见他在操场上打篮球。I saw him playing basketball when I passed the playground. 我经过操场的时候，看见他正在打篮球。例More and more people use smart phones (智能手机) nowadays. Yes，they make people less;people call them modern opium(鸦片). A. readingB. to readC. readD. be read解析：句意：“当今越来越多的人使用智能手机。”“是的，它们让人们读书读得少了，人们把它们叫做当代的鸦片。”使役动词make后跟省略to的不定式作宾补，构成make sb. do sth. “使/让某人做某事”。答案：C2. 在would you please(请您)，had better(最好)，why not(为什么不)，would rather(宁愿)等结构后，须用不带to的不定式。Would you please make your bed? 请整理一下你的床好吗? Youd better go to bed earlier. 你最好早点上床睡觉。Why not go and play basketball? 为什么不去打篮球呢? He said he would rather not stay at home. 他说他宁愿不待在家里。例May I listen to music here，Mr. White? Sorry，youd better that. A. not to doB. not doC. dont doD. not do to解析：had better do sth. “最好做某事”，其否定形式为had better not do sth. “最好不做某事”。答案：B3. 两个并列的带to的不定式由and或or连接时，第二个不定式符号to常常省略。She has learned to read and write. 她已经学会了读和写。I dont want to visit my teacher or ask him any questions. 我不想去拜访我的老师，也不想向他问问题。考点五疑问词+动词不定式动词不定式可以用在疑问词what，how，when，where，which等之后，构成“疑问词+动词不定式”结构。I dont know what to say. 我不知道说什么。He showed me how to use the computer. 他教我怎样用电脑。【注意】我们常用“疑问词+不定式”结构把一个复合句转换成简单句。如：I dont know how I can get to the post office. I dont know how to get to the post office. 例Ive just borrowed a CD player，but I dont know. You can read the instructions. A. how to use itB. where to buy itC. when to return itD. where to put it解析：从答语You can read the instructions. 可判断，此处意为“但我不知道怎么用”，故用“how+不定式”。答案：A考点六动词后跟to do与doing时的异同1. 意义上无太大区别的情况有些动词后可跟to do和doing作宾语，意义上无太大区别，这类动词有like，hate，prefer，begin，start等。如：She hates to eat (eating) fried food. 她不喜欢吃油炸食物。I have begun to learn (learning) Russian. 我开始学习俄语了。【注意】like to do sth. 主要指具体某一次的动作；而like doing sth. 指经常性的动作。如：He likes playing basketball，but he doesnt like to play basketball this afternoon. 他喜欢打篮球，但今天下午他不喜欢打篮球。2. 意义上有很大区别的情况下面的动词，跟to do和doing作宾语时，意义上有很大区别：(1)Remember to bring the book. 记得把书带来。 Do you remember seeing him? 你记得见过他吗? (2)You forgot to say that you would be late. 你忘了说一声你要晚来。Jim has already forgotten falling off his bicycle. 吉姆已经忘掉他从自行车上摔下来这件事了。(3)Lets stop to rest. 让我们停下来休息一下吧。The teacher is angry. Stop talking. 老师生气了，别说话了。(4)After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics. 做完数学后，他接着去做物理。 Go on doing the other exercises after you have finished this. 做完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习。例While we were running on the playground，Jack suddenly stopped and lay on the ground，so we all stopped what was wrong with him. A. to run;to seeB. running;seeingC. running;to see解析：stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事情；stop to do sth. 停止原来做的事情去做另一件事情。句意：我们正在操场上跑步时Jack突然停下来(停止跑步)躺在地上，因此我们都停下来(停止跑步)看他出了什么事(做另一件事)。答案：C1. (2016上海)After she finished the story，Alice wrote a review for her school newspaper. A. readB. readsC. to readD. readingD句意：Alice在读完这个故事后为校报写了一篇评论。由finish doing sth. 的固定搭配可知，选D。2. (2016河南)The boss asked Tim to go and out if there was anyone else absent. A. findB. findingC. to findD. foundA句意：老板叫蒂姆去找找是否还有人没来。由and可推知：和前面的to go一起构成动词不定式，省略不定式符号to，故选A。3. (2016云南)The Smiths have decided a house near the sea. A. buyB. boughtC. buying D. to buyD句意：史密斯一家已经决定在海边买一所房子。decide后接不定式to do，故选D。4. (2016青海西宁)I hope everyone can care about the environment and stop things. A. protecting;wastingB. protecting;to wasteC. protect;wastingD. protect;to wasteA care about中about是介词，后面接名词或者动名词作宾语；stop doing. 表示“停止做某事”，stop to do. 表示“停下来去做某事”。句意为“我希望每个人能关心保护环境并且停止浪费东西”，故选A。5. (2016四川南充)My parents dont allow me late. A. stay upB. to stay upC. stays upD. staying upB 句意：我的父母不允许我晚。allow sb. to do允许某人做，stay up熬夜。这里是指“我”的父母不允许“我”熬夜太晚。由备选项可知选B。6. (2016辽宁丹东)You never miss one minute in cl