肉制品冷藏、加工项目可行性报告.doc

temperatures. tazieff has often risked his life in this way. he has been able to tell us more about active volcanoes than any man alive. lesson68 persistent 纠缠不休i crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me. it was no use pretending that i had not seen him, so i waved to him. i never enjoy meeting bert dykes. he never has anything to do. no matter how busy you are, he always insists on coming with you. i had to think of a way of preventing him from following me around all morning.hullo, bert, i said. fancy meeting you here !hullo, elizabeth, bert answered. i was just wondering how to spend the morning-until i saw you. youre not busy doing anything, are you ? no, not at all, i answered. im going to. .would you mind my coming with you ? he asked, before i had finished speaking. not at all, i lied, but im going to the dentist. then ill come with you, he answered. theres always plenty to read in the waiting room !lesson69 but not murder! 并非谋杀！i was being tested for a driving licence for the third time. i had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully. after having been instructed to drive out of town, i began to acquire confidence. sure that i had passed, i was almost beginning to enjoy my test. the examiner must have been pleased with my performance, for he smiled and said, just one more thing, mr eames. let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you. as soon as i tap on the window, i want the car to be stopped immediately. i continued driving and after some time, the examiner tapped loudly. though the sound could be heard clearly, it took me a long time to react. i suddenly pressed the brake pedal hard and we were both thrown forward. the examiner looked at me sadly. mr eames, he said, in a mournful voice, you have just killed that child ! lesson70 red for danger 危险的红色during a bullfight, a drunk suddenly wandered into the middle of the ring. the crowd began to shout, but the drunk was unaware of the danger. the bull was busy with the matador at the time, but it suddenly caught sight of the drunk who was shouting rude remarks and waving a red cap. apparently sensitive to criticism, the bull forgot all about the matador and charged at the drunk. the crowd suddenly grew quiet. the drunk, however, seemed quite sure of himself. when the bull got close to him, he clumsily stepped aside to let it pass. the crowd broke into cheers and the drunk bowed. by this time, however, three men had come into the ring and they quickly dragged the drunk to safety. even the bull seemed to feel sorry for him, for it looked on sympathetically until the drunk was out of the way before once more turning its attention to the matador.lesson71 a famous clock 一个著名的大钟when you visit london, one of the first things you will see is big ben, the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the b.b.c. if the houses of parliament had hot been burned down in 1834, the great clock would never have been erected. big ben takes its name from sir benjamin hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new houses of parliament were being built. it is not only of immense size, but is extremely accurate as well. officials from greenwich observatory have the clock checked twice a day. on the b.b.c. you can hear the clock when it is actually striking because microphones are connected to the clock tower. big ben has rarely gone wrong. once, however, it failed to give the correct time. a painter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down ! lesson72 a car called bluebird “蓝鸟”汽车the great racing driver, sir malcolm campbell, was the first man to drive at over 300 miles per hour. he set up a new world record in september 1935 at bonneville salt flats, utah. bluebird, the car he was driving, had been specially built for him. it was over 30 feet in length and had a 2500 horse-power engine. although campbell reached a speed of over 304 miles per hour, he had great difficulty in controlling the car because a tyre burst during the first run. after his attempt, campbell was disappointed to learn that his average speed had been 299 miles per hour. however, a few days later, he was told that a mistake had been made. his average speed had been 301 miles per hour. since that time, racing drivers have reached speeds of over 400 miles an hour. following his fathers footsteps many years later, sir malcolms son, donald, also set up a world record. like his father, he was driving a car called bluebird.lesson73 the record-holder 纪录保持者little boys who play truant from school are unimaginative. a quiet days fishing, or eight hours in a cinema seeing the same film over and over again, is usually as far as they get. they have all been put to shame by a boy who, while playing truant, travelled 1600 miles. he hitch- hiked to dover and, towards evening, went into a boat to find somewhere to sleep. when he woke up next morning, he discovered that the boat had, in the meantime, travelled to calais. no one noticed the boy as he crept off. from there, he hitch-hiked to paris in a lorry. the driver gave him a few biscuits and a cup of coffee and left him just outside the city. the next car the boy stopped did not take him into the centre of paris as he hoped it would, but to perpignan on the french-spanish border. there he was picked up by a policeman and sent back to england by the local authorities. he has surely set up a record for the thousands of boys who dream of evading school.lesson74 out of the limelight 舞台之外an ancient bus stopped by a dry river bed and a party of famous actors and actresses got off. dressed in dark glasses and old clothes, they had taken special precautions so that no one should recognize them. but as they soon discovered, disguises can sometimes be too perfect.this is a wonderful place for a picnic, said gloria gleam. it couldnt be better, gloria, brinksley meers agreed. no newspaper men, no film fans! why dont we come more often ? meanwhile, two other actors, rockwall slinger and merlin greeves, had carried two large food baskets to a shady spot under some trees. when they had all made themselves comfortable, a stranger appeared. he looked very angry. now you gut out of here, all of you! he shouted: im sheriff here. do you see that notice ? it says no camping-in case you cant read ! look, sheriff, said rockwall, dont be too hard on us. im rockwall slinger and this is merlin greeves. oh, is it ? said the sheriff with a sneer. well, im brinksley meers, and my other name is gloria gleam. now you get out of here fast !lesson75 sos 呼救信号when a light passenger plane flew off course some time ago, it crashed in the mountains and its pilot was killed. the only passengers, a young woman and her two baby daughters, were unhurt. it was the middle of winter. snow lay thick on the ground. the woman knew that the nearest village was miles away. when it grew dark. she turned a suitcase into a bed and put the children inside it, covering them with all the clothes she could find. during the night, it got terribly cold. the woman kept as near as she could to the children and even tried to get into the case herself, but it was too small. early ,next morning she heard planes passing overhead and wondered how she could send a signal. then she had an idea. she stamped out the letters sos in the snow. fortunately, a pilot saw the signal and sent a message by radio to the nearest town. it was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash.lesson76 april fools day 愚人节to end our special news bulletin, said the voice of the television announcer, we are taking you to the macaroni fields of calabria. macaroni has been grown in this area for over six hundred years. two of the leading growers, giuseppe moldova and ricardo brabante, tell me that they have been expecting a splendid crop this year and harvesting has begun earlier than usual. here you can see two workers who, between them, have just finished cutting three cart-loads of golden brownmacaroni stalks. the whole village has been working day and night gathering and threshing this years crop before the september rains. on the right, you can see mrs brabante herself. she has been helping her husband for thirty years now. mrs brabante is talking to the manager of the local factory where the crop is processed. this last scene shows you what will happen at the end of the harvest : the famous calabrian macaroni-eating competition ! signor fratelli, the present champion, has won it every year since 1961. and that ends our special bulletin for today, thursday, april 1st. we are now returning you to the studio.lesson77 a successful operation 一例成功的手术the mummy of an egyptian woman who died in 800 b.c. has just had an operation. the mummy is that of shepenmut who was once a singer in the temple of thebes. as there were strange marks on the x-ray plates taken of the mummy, doctors have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease. the only way to do this was to operate. the operation, which lasted for over four hours, proved to be very difficult because of the hard resin which covered the skin. the doctors removed a section of the mummy and sent it to a laboratory. they also found something which the x-ray of the god duamutef. this god which has the head of a cow was normally placedinside a mummy. the doctors have not yet decided how the woman died. they feared that the mummy would fall to pieces when they cut it open, but fortunately this has not happened. the mummy successfully survived the operation. lesson78 the last one? 最后一枝吗？after reading an article entitled cigarette smoking and your health i lit a cigarette to calm my nerves. i smoked with concentration and pleasure as i was sure that this would be my last cigarette. for a whole week i did not smoke at all and during this time, my wife suffered terribly. i had all the usual symptoms of someone giving up smoking: a bad temper and an enormous appetite. my friends kept on offering me cigarettes and cigars. they made no effort to hide their amusement whenever i produced a packet of sweets from my pocket. after seven days of this i went to a party. everybody around me was smoking and i felt extremely uncomfortable. when my old friend brian urged me to accept a cigarette, it was more than i could bear. i took one guiltily, lit it and smoked with satisfaction. my wife was delighted that things had returned to normal once more. anyway, as brian pointed out, it is the easiest thing in the world to give up smoking. he himself has done it lots of times! lesson79 by air 乘飞机i used to travel by air a great deal when i was a boy. my parents, used to live in south america and i used to fly there from europe in the holidays. an airhostess would take charge of me and i never had an unpleasant experience. i am used to travelling by air and only on one occasion have i ever felt frightened. after taking off, we were flying low over the city and slowly第一章项目摘要1.1拟建设项目内容 项目名称：大型肉制品冷藏、冷冻及加工项目建设单位：公司建设性质：新建建设地点：市建设内容：1、库体建筑与保温；2、制冷及变配电房；3、电气工程；4、制冷系统及设备。库体建筑总容积8万立方1.2项目建设方案 1.2.1进度安排该项目建设期为10个月，分为5个阶段，第一阶段第1-2月为项目可行性研究审批阶段；第二阶段第2-3月为招投标阶段；第三阶段第4-7月为土建工程施工阶段；第四阶段第7-8月为设备安装调试阶段；第五阶段第9-10月为试投产验收阶段。1.2.2组织管理方案该项目建设由市政府分管农业综合开发的领导任组长，相关部门负责人和公司的管理人员成立项目建设领导小组，组织协调好项目的建设，确保项目建设成功。 1.3投资概算及资金来源 该项目总投资xx万元，其中：建筑工程投资万元，机器设备投资万元，工程安装费用万元，土地使用权及开办费等无形资产投资万元，流动资金万元。项目资金主要由承建单位公司自筹资金万元，银行贷款万元,需要国家扶持资金万元。1.4主要技术经济指标 项目投产后，年销售收入万元，年利润万元，项目投资利润率为49% ，内部收益率为24.68%,静态投资回收期为52个月。 第二章项目建设的必要性和可行性2.1 肉类保鲜冷库的历史背景 肉类的防腐保鲜自古以来都是人类研究的重要课题，随着现代人生活方式和节奏的改变，传统的肉类保鲜技术已不能满足人们的需求，深入研究肉类的防腐保鲜技术势在必行。国内外学者对肉的保鲜进行了广泛的研究，普遍认为肉类的腐败主要由三种因素引起：微生物污染、生长繁殖；脂肪氧化败；肌红蛋白的气体变色。这三种因素相互作用，微生物的繁殖会促进油脂氧化和肌红蛋白变色 ，而油脂氧化也会改变微生物菌系并促进肌红蛋白变色.多年来，居民对冷鲜肉、分割肉及其延伸制品的需求量迅增，其主要原因包括：一是肉制品是广大居民日用生活品，且是重要蛋白食品。随着人口增长，肉类消费量不断增加。据预测 2010 年全国肉类（含猪、牛、羊和禽肉）的需求量将达到 8306 万吨，其肉类延伸制品将由目前的 250 万吨增长到2010 年的 1300 万吨，人均约 10 公斤。二是肉制品行业集中度较高。目前主要集中于拥有丰富资源优势和独特区位优势的山东、河南、三省。山东省肉类加工企业 162 家，河南 139 家，省现实为零。两者合计占全国肉制品销售总额的比重高达 60% 。三是进入新世纪以来，居民肉类消费发生了明显的结构变化，呈现新的发展趋势：从冷冻肉变化到热鲜肉，再从热鲜肉转变到冷鲜肉，形成了“热鲜肉广天下，冷冻肉争天下，冷鲜肉甲天下”的局面。四是肉制品行业发展势头旺盛。 2008 年，全国屠宰及肉制品加工业规模以上企业实现销售收入 2701 亿元，同比增长 21.53% 。利润率上升。与此相应，肉制品“冷链”物流进入持续增长期。 2.2 肉类保鲜冷库的作用 2008 年猪肉价格的飞扬上涨，以及由肉价所领衔的这轮食品类价格上涨，已经成为了一个相当严重的民生问题，影响到了多数民众的日常生活。价格本是市场供求的正常反映，当价格到了需要政府出面来做出宏观调控时，多少表明这个价格已经高出了市场所能接受的范围。而建立大型的区域级冷库，就起到了一个蓄水池的作用，从而达到缓解市场压力，调节市场价格的作用，提高市场应急供应的能力。 现代物流业的发展使人们对于低温肉类的贮藏不再只是停留在传统的配送方式上 , 从配送的车辆、低温肉类的保鲜技术、投资与操作成本以及配送过程在各种形式的应用，低温肉类运输中所应用的各种形式都有了长足发展。应用蓄冷保温的核心技术所推动的蓄冷式低温物流系统 , 可为任何肉类运输中出现的收集、储存和分类等各环节提供相应的服务 , 在店铺配送、货运输送等方面得到合理应用。店铺配送（连锁商店门市配送服务）就是在低温物流中心或生鲜处理中心依照顾客所需求，将一般不同温度的肉类装入蓄冷保温箱并同时对其惊醒加冷作业，将装妥肉类的蓄冷保温箱送上一般货车后按照一定路线将食品依序送往各个所需店铺配送，实现多品温、少量、多样、新鲜、高频、即时的店铺配送服务要求，获取了极佳的经济效益；货运输送（路线货运输送）是货运输送公司在各营业所将顾客委托运送的低温肉类收集，用蓄冷保温柜将不同品温肉类集中，并与常温食品一起送到基地中心，在基地中心将肉类利用蓄冷技术处理后，由一般大型货车按路线进行货运输送，达到标准化、规格化的作业，利用普通规格的蓄冷保温柜就可以获得最高的配送效益，提高了常温车使用效率，更降低了货物运输的投资，实现了偏远乡镇新路线配置； 2.3 肉类保鲜冷库的重要意义 低温保鲜是人们普遍采用的技术措施，鉴于我国的国情，冷链系统是肉类保鲜最为重要的手段。冷藏是肉品保存在略高于其冰点的温度，通常在 2 -4 之间，这一范围内大部分致病菌停止繁殖，但嗜冷腐败菌仍可生长，而且李斯行单核增生菌和小肠结炎耶尔森氏菌也可繁殖。细菌在肉中的生长速度相当快，在适宜的条件下，有些细菌繁殖时间只为 20min 或更短，实际上，一般情况下，如此快的速度是达不到的，因为所有的环境条件同时满足是不可能的，细菌增长期的长短取决于菌种、营养成分及温度、 ph 值和水分活性，低温保鲜有以下优点：（ 1 ）冷冻过程中会保持肉的品质不下降；（ 2 ）包装后不易腐烂。2.4项目建设的必要性 据国家发展和改革委员会相关统计资料，我国生猪供大于求的情况依然较为严重，母猪、仔猪补栏积极性有所下降。目前，国家有关部门正按照预案的规定，着手开展冻猪肉政府储备的收储工作。 月份，我国生猪出场价格、白条肉出厂价格、仔猪价格均呈现持续走低态势，猪粮比价继续下跌，已经连续周低于国家发展改革委、财政部等六部门年初联合发布的防止生猪价格过度下跌调控预案（暂行）设定的生产盈亏平衡预警点。 据国家发展改革委价格监测中心发布，月27日全国大中城市生猪平均出场价格为每公斤9.75元，比上月底下降3.75；主要玉米批发市场玉米批发价格为每公斤1.66元，比上月底上涨1.2。目前的猪粮比价为5.87，已经连续四周低于预案设定的生产盈亏平衡预警点（），与上月底的6.18相比下降约，为2006年11月份以来的最低点。据农业部介绍，月27日全国470个农村集贸市场仔猪平均价格为每公斤15.12元，比上月底下降11.4，连续第个月降幅在以上。月底全国生猪存栏45489万头，比上月上涨1.4。其中，能繁母猪存栏4922万头，比上月下降0.4，连续第个月出现小幅下降。 商务部统计显示，月25日31日全国规模以上生猪定点屠宰企业白条肉平均出厂价格为每公斤12.9元，比上月同期下降4.16。月份全国规模以上定点屠宰企业生猪屠宰量为1672.5万头，比上月增加7.02。 特别是2008年10月后，因世界金融危机加之甲型hin1流感使现在的各种畜禽产品供大于求，为了更好的稳定畜牧业的发展，建设大型冷冻企业是关键所在。2.5 项目建设的可行性据了解，在中央储备肉背后有着四个 “管家”:国资委、中国华孚集团旗下的华商储备商品管理中心和中国食品集团公司、农发行。其中，中国食品集团公司承担中央储备肉的主要储存任务。在商务部公布的中央储备肉活畜储备基地场名单中，有335个中央储备肉活畜储备基地场，其中仅中国食品集团旗下就有88家。姚坚还表示，在猪肉收储方面，我国有政府收储和商业收储两条渠道，收储市场上的猪肉制品，维持市场价格稳定。同时也在加快中央储备肉冷库建设。当然最主要的还是通过市场机制的完善。相信在市场和政府“两只手”的共同作用下，猪肉价格会保持相对稳定。他指出，如果和去年上半年的高点比，猪肉价格的适度回落也是有一定积极意义的。但是，猪肉价格的向好趋势还有很多不确定因素，而且，中央储备对于巨大的市场，也只是杯水车薪。业内人士表示，把国家冷库全放满猪肉的话，也就是60万吨，而这还是一个不可能的最大数值。单靠国家收储，无法扭转目前的局面。中国的猪肉量一年是5000多万吨，现在是猪肉供应的高峰期，一个月就有近500 万吨猪肉供应市场。一般而言，只有储备肉占到产量的20%时，才能解决目前的问题。面对巨大的收购压力，社会的收储能力，即商业收储，是解决问题的关键。但首先，商业收储最重要的是资金支撑，按照四川方面的计划，主要是扩大农发行贷款支持的数量，为企业解决后顾之忧，但肉储备属于商业性储备，与传统的政策性储备有较大区别。因此在信贷准入等方面要始终将风险防范放在首位。为控制信贷风险，地方储备肉原则上不发放信用贷款且贷款期限不超过半年，待本期贷款结零后才可继续发放。第二，对于更多的企业来说，现在还是摸不着头脑。参加了几次相关会议，具体怎么弄，怎么收购和操作，还没有明确的方案。第三，收储计划显然有着一定的风险，经济效益毕竟是企业追逐的焦点，对于“命运多舛”的猪肉市场，不稳定和不成熟的市场机制也成为了企业收储的担忧。第三章市场供求分析及预测 从市场对冷库的需求趋势来看，我国现有的冷库容量还十分不足，今后冷库的发展趋势主要表现在以下几个方面： 3.1 建设规模果蔬产区应集中建设气调冷库，规模应以大、中、小型相结合，以发展中型为宜。机械气调库的建设应择优推广预制生产，现场装配模式冷库工程化工业产品，果蔬产地适于建单层冷库和中小型冷库；尽快推广塑料薄膜、大棚、大帐、硅窗、塑料薄膜小包装等气调设施是我国近期发展的重点。在经济较发达的城市，发展中型冷库，建立冷冻食品贮藏批发市场。将中小型冷库向社会开放，提供有偿的仓库服务、信息服务、经营后勤服务。 3.2 冷链物流我国完整独立的冷链系统尚未形成，市场化程度很低，冷冻冷藏企业有条件的可改造成连锁超市的配送中心，形成冷冻冷藏企业、超市和连锁经营企业联营经营模式。建立食品冷藏供应链，将易腐、生鲜食品从产地收购、加工、贮藏、运输、销售，直到消费者的各个环节都处于标准的低温环境之中，以保证食品的质量，减少不必要的损耗，防止食品变质与污染。 3.3 制冷设备制冷设备业应着力开发国际市场先进通用的60 hp 以下各档次分体式或一体化且配有电子技术的自动化机组，将计算机与自动化技术广泛地应用于整个制冷系统的自动控制中，目的是为冷冻冷藏行业升级换代，延长产业链，降低工程造价。 3.4 整体规划冷库行业必须在有关部门的统一协调下，加强整体规划与协调，大力发展冷链物流体系建设。同时，要防止盲目重复建设，以保证我国冷冻冷藏行业持续健康稳定的发展。 总之，从冷库的现状与发展趋势来看，果品恒温气调库发展迅速，低温库比例有所增加，适合农户建造使用的微型冷库异军突起，装配式冷库及以氟里昂为制冷剂的分散式制冷系统推广力度正在加大，冷库设计更加趋于优化，自动化控制程度逐步提高，政府安全生产和质量监督等管理部门对冷库的监管力度大大加强。国内冷库行业正朝着采用发泡聚氨酯或聚苯乙烯板隔热材料的轻便预制装配化、低温大型化、管理及进出库货物装卸自动化、果蔬冷库恒温气调化、冷风机代替排管和广泛使用氟里昂制冷剂的操作方便、灵活多样、高效安全、环保节能的方向发展。第四章项目承担单位的基本情况4.1单位概况 公司从20年开始养殖母猪头，主要靠自繁自养循环养殖商品肉猪和种猪繁育，年出栏肉猪头和种猪头的中型猪场。在20年养殖场与省有限公司、有限公司合作中得到迅速发展壮大。企业以市场为导向，以科技为支柱，内抓管理，外拓市场。目前场地占地面积亩，可发展用地亩以上，现拥有办公服务楼栋、种猪猪舍栋、育肥猪猪舍栋，可繁育母猪头，后备母猪经x头，种公猪头，年可出栏商品猪头的养殖与繁育场。企业现有员工人，其中管理人员名，技术人员名，固定资产万元。本场出栏的优质三元商品猪主要销往武汉、广东、上海等地。 4.2财务状况 截至20年12月底，项目承担单位公司资产总额万元，其中：流动资产万元，占总资产的58%；固定资产万元，占总资产42%；企业资产负债率为21.2%。2009年全年销售收入多万元，年创利税多万元。4.3法人代表基本情况 公司法人代表同志，现年岁，文化程度，该同志多年从事养殖技术管理工作，先后在有限公司任技术厂长职务，有很强的创新意识和丰富的管理经验。第五章项目地点选择分析5.1项目区概况 5.1.1地理位置及区域范围拟建设单位公司位于省市。5.1.2自然资源状况处于亚热带向温带过渡地带，属于亚热带大陆性季风气候，气候温和，四季分明。境内平原、丘陵、山区共存，地貌多姿，物种繁多。全市山地面积大，达150万亩，其中牧草地5万多亩，特别适宜发展猪、牛、羊、鸡、鸭、鹅等多种家畜家禽，是发展畜禽业的理想之地。5.1.3社会经济状况市地处省部，两省交汇处，东靠经济重镇，西依历史文化名城，南临经济发展的，北抵资源丰富的。市位于省的中部，是省经济发展的重点地区之一，是近几年发展起来的一座新型城市。现辖个镇（办事处）、1个省级经济开发区，人口万，地域面积平方公里。居于由、河南、陕西、四川、重庆等五个省市70多个县市共同构建的秦巴经济走廊的前沿位置，是接东连西的纽带，是东部企业“中拓西进”的战略跳板和重要桥头堡，区域优势十分明显。 5.2项目建设条件优势分析 5.2.1政策优势近年来，国家把扶持农产品加工转化企业作为解决我国“三农”问题的一个重要途径，不断加大扶持力度。“十一五”期间，市明确把发展生猪养殖作为提高农民收入第一要务，要求全市上下以此为目标，树立信心，形成一盘棋，抓住这一难得的历史性机遇，积极打造全省生猪养殖第一市。拟建设的公司建设项目是国家鼓励发展的项目，符合国家和省政府的产业政策，市市委，市政府对项目建设十分重视和支持，要求把该项目进一步做大做强。为了改善投资环境，确保项目建设顺利实施，促进地方经济发展，项目所在地的镇委、镇政府对项目建设也制定了一系列优惠政策。5.2.2资源优势拟建设的公司位于市区，地势低于村民居住区，距离村庄居民区近公里，位于居民区常年主导风向的下风口，背风向阳，空气流通。养殖场离国道公里，有一条专用道与公路相连接。养殖场占地面积平方米（亩），场地宽敞，交通便利，有利于项目的规划和建设， 5.2.3基础设施条件目前，拟建设的公司内场地道路已全部硬化，供水、供电基础设施配套、齐全，有良好的水、电、路等公用设施配套条件。第六章 生产工艺技术方案6.1层数及层高的设计目前，95 以上冷库投资是以经营为主要目的的，因此，库址的选择尤其重要。一般在地理位置比较有利，交通比较发达的地段地价都较高，所以，按多层冷库的设计较为合理。但是，考虑到多层冷库基础及结构投资的增多，以及今后制冷及管理等方面的便利，建议多层冷库应以34层，总高度不超过2o米为宜。传统的冷库设计每层高度一般在5 m左右，但是，在实际操作中，该高度的冷库利用率非常低，货物堆叠的高度一旦达到32 m时就难以继续堆叠上去，物品因受压导致了质量的不断下降，安全性也受到了威胁，特别是外包装容易变形的物品，经常出现外包装破裂，物品倾斜甚至倒塌等现象。再者，经营性冷库货物品种多，同品种数量少，堆叠高度低，占地面积大，给冷库的操作管理带来诸多不便。为了提高冷库的利用率，保证物品的质量及安全，实际操作中往往采取每层中间增设隔架层的处理办法，但是，这样做又出现增加第二次的投资，而且运作空间太小