中油BP环境管理手册.doc

bppc jvs environmental management handbook中油bp合资公司环境管理手册a handbook of good environmental practices for the bp-petrochina joint venturesbusiness operations中油bp合资公司经营运作营造良好环境的操作手册preface前言understanding the need for prevention了解预防措施的必要currently international petroleum companies spend billions of us dollars each year to clean up petroleum product spills and leaks, which occurred many years ago. many of these spills occurred due to a lack of environmental knowledge and technology or poor maintenance practices. once petroleum products enter the environment they become a threat to human health and safety and need to be carefully managed so they do not become an even larger financial liability. typically, when service stations have petroleum releases local governments monitor the cleanup of petroleum-impacted soils and ground water. these petroleum releases become an immediate and long-term financial drain to profitability, while also negatively impacting the publics perception of the jvs business operations. based on published information from the us: 目前，跨国石油公司每年都在动用好几十亿美元来处理多年来由于石油产品的泄漏和渗漏所造成的问题。 其实，很多的泄漏事故是由于缺乏环境方面的知识和技术，还有的是因为操作管理方面的不足。一旦石油产品污染了环境，它们就会对人类的健康和安全造成威胁，这时候，我们必须要小心处理，而不至于导致更大的经济损失。最典型的例子就是：当一个加油站发生石油产品的泄漏，当地的政府就要监控所受油气污染的泥土和地下水的清理工作。这样的油气泄漏事故不仅在当时，而且还会长期地耗尽我们的利润。除此之外，还会影响公众对合资公司商业运作的印象。美国所公布的消息显示： spills and leaks have resulted in impacts to the environment at over 10, 000 service stations over the past 10 years.在过去的十年里，超过一万家加油站的油气泄漏事件对环境造成影响。 costs to remediate these retail sites exceed $100 million usd annually每年花在处理这些油气泄漏事故的费用超过一亿美金。 stations can continue to have new spills and releases, if the operator is not careful如果经营者不注意的话，加油站仍然会继续发生新的油气泄漏事故。 the costs of environmental clean up; can be a competitive disadvantage in the petroleum-retailing marketplace.要进行环境清理的代价，对于石油产品的零售业务来说是极大不利的。through a proactive approach to the prevention of environmental liabilities, and by applying lessons learned from other parts of the world, the bppc jv can improve its environmental performance and prevent this problem in china. these improvements begin with creating a clear understanding of good practices to support the prevention of environmental liabilities. 通过在环境问题上积极的防治工作，以及在其他国家所吸取的教训，中油bp合资公司可以在中国改善其环境治理，防止这些问题。要改进这些做法，首先就要对环境问题上的良好的运作方式有一个清楚的了解。the bppc jvs focus on prevention is based on the following beliefs:中油bp合资公司在防治工作上出发点主要有以下几个方面： preventing spills is the key to reducing future environmental liabilities and clean-up costs.防止油气渗漏是减少将来环境问题和清理费用的关键。 early identification of leaks and spills is important in reducing the size of the problem and the cost of the clean up.及时尽早地知道渗漏事故是减少问题的影响范围以及降低清理费用的关键。 how we choose to respond to leaks and spills reflects positively or negatively on the communitys and regulatory agencys view of how we manage our business.我们如何积极或消极地应对油气泄漏事故，会影响到社会和有关管理部门对我们经营运作的看法。 keeping service stations as safe, compliant and “spill free” as possible is the right business decision.尽可能地保持加油站安全，没有油气泄漏事故是我们经营方面的一个正确的指导思想。 people make the difference; technology is only part of the solution.我们定能作出改善，技术只是解决问题的一部分。this environmental liability prevention handbook is designed to build an awareness within the bppc jv of how operating a retail gasoline service station can impact the environment, and how impacting the environment can impact our business and, 此环境问题防治手册的编写目的在于培养中油bp合资公司内部对这个问题的意识，了解到运作一个加油站会如何影响环境，而对环境的影响又会如何影响到我们的经营运作，还有就是to provide bppc jv personnel with an understanding of available good practices and tools to manage the environmental issues they may encounter while acquiring, building and operating retail gasoline service stations.让中油bp合资公司的员工清楚掌握到一个良好的操作方案和工具，从而当他们收购，建立以及运作加油站上遇到的环境问题的时候，就能够对此进行处理。this section of the handbook provides an overview of:手册此部分的内容包括： bppc jvs environmental policy中油bp合资公司的环境管理政策 an asset lifecycle approach to preventing environmental liabilities了解资产的使用周期，防止环境问题责任 understanding how our operations can impact the environment了解我们的运作如何对环境造成影响part 1introduction第一部分：介绍bppc joint venture environmental policy中油bp合资公司环境管理制度 the bppc jvs (jv) environmental policy is based on service station life cycle management and full compliance with local laws and regulations. the jv recognizes the accountabilities for controlling environmental costs while operating (from the acquisition, construction, operation, and finally to disposition) service stations.中油bp合资公司（简称合资公司）的环境管理制度的订立基础是加油站的生命周期管理，同时必须符合当地的法律和法规。合资公司意识到在进行加油站运作（包括加油站的收购，建立，运作直到最后将加油站转让出去的整个过程）的同时，必须要对环境管理负起责任。 service station life cycle management is a philosophy that integrates the skills and functions of assets, operations, s&d, f&a and health, safety, & environment. 加油站的生命周期管理是一门哲学，它是资产，运作，配送，财务，健康，安全和环境方面的技巧和运作的一个整体。 the jv recognizes that environmental costs and reputation management are critical components of doing business in the retail petroleum industry that must be addressed throughout the life cycle of a service station.合资公司意识到在加油站运作的整个生命周期中，环境代价以及名誉是其在石油行业的商业运作上两个至关重要的方面。the jv uses risk-based decision-making techniques to insure that we do not harm people or the environment. prior to purchasing a site, the jv can evaluate the sites current underground environmental condition (soils and/or groundwater), the potential impact to the surrounding community (sensitive receptors) and any potential environmental remediation costs. 合资公司的决策技巧是风险第一，我们一定要确认自己不会对别人或者环境造成伤害。在收购加油站之前，合资公司会对加油站的地下情况现状（包括土壤和地下水的情况）进行评估，会考虑到该加油站对周围社区环境（尤其是敏感因素）的潜在影响以及潜在环境治理所需的费用。if a station has contaminated the environment, the jv will try to contractually obligate the previous owner or operator for past liabilities as a result of their operations. 如果某个加油站已经对周围环境造成污染， 合资公司就会通过合同来防止此加油站的原业主或者经营者推卸他们应该对自己运作所造成的后果所要负起的责任。the previous owner does not have to actively remediate the site, so long as the site is in compliance with local environmental regulations and that authorities have not mandated the installation of an active remediation system. the jv will be responsible for its own environmental releases. however, the jv intends to use passive remediation (natural attenuation) methods, provided that there are no threats to the local community. 只要加油站符合当地环境方面的法规，没有受到当地行政机构要求其强制执行任何措施的要求，加油站的原业主就不一定要主动地去治理加油站。合资公司将会对其自己的油气问题负责。不过，如果合资公司的运作不会对当地的社区造成威胁，它就可以用消极方式（自然而然的方式）去处理问题。the jv will engage active remediation techniques, if the jvs reputation is at risk or if mandated by local environmental authorities.risk-based decision-making techniques will be used to evaluate the potential risk of petroleum contamination against the cost of petroleum releases and their remediation clean up. the jv will manage environmental and financial liabilities, so that risks to the jvs reputation are minimized. 如果合资公司的声誉会面临风险，或者当地负责环境的政府部门要采取强制措施的时候，合资公司将采取积极的改造措施。风险第一的决策技巧将会运用到评估油气污染的潜在风险，油气泄漏事故及其清理工作方面上。合资公司将管理环境，同时在经济上承担责任，从而在最大程度上降低合资公司声誉方面的风险。examples:例子：1. when the jv purchases an existing site, the jv can use the following procedures to protect our interests:当合资公司收购一个现有加油站的时候，合资公司就会运用以下程序来保障我们的利益： calibrate and test the tightness of underground storage tanks (usts)测量以及教验地下储油罐的密封程度。 test the underground product piping and dispenser connections测试地下输油管道和分配器的接口。 check the existing operators books for product losses查看当前经营者的账本，看看产品的损耗情况。 test monitoring wells located in the tank farm area测试在储油罐区域的观察井。 check for previous product spills and leaks with the local authorities向当地部门了解加油站的油气泄漏记录。 check the local soil types and understand how product can spread察看当地的土壤类型，以便于了解产品会如何泄漏。 check for receptors sensitive to petroleum contamination检查媒介对油气污染的敏感程度。 perform daily reconciliation reports (dir) upon takeover每天填写对帐表，直至接收加油站。 site staff can gauge storage tanks after each shift (currently three times per day)加油站员工可以在每次更换班次的时候进行储油罐的测量（目前是每天三次） contractually obligate the bppc jv to remove the fuel system when we divest of the site. equipment removal will inhibit competitor activity. (note: since improvements run with the land, this technique is useful in land transfer transactions)通过合同规定中油bp合资公司在撤离加油站的时候，拆除油气系统。搬动设备将会引起竞争对手的行动。（备注：因为用地是不断改进的，此技巧对土地出让的交易很有用。）2. underground storage tanks and piping地下储油罐和输油管the jvs current policy is to install single wall steel tanks and pipelines at all sites. this decision is based on the calibration and pressure testing of over 1,000 underground tanks performed when the jv took-over sites from petrochina and bp. the jv discovered only 21 leaking tanks, which the jv quickly repaired and minimized the probably of governmental authorities imposing fines or taking enforcement actions. since many different station operators probably intending to sell the site after construction installed the tanks, a higher leak incidence rate was anticipated. 合资公司目前的政策是在全部的加油站安装单壁的钢制储油罐和输油管道。制定这一决策的原因是因为合资公司在接收中油和bp加油站的时候，要对超过一千个地下储油罐进行测量和压力测试。合资公司仅仅发现了二十一个有油气泄漏的储油罐。当时，合资公司迅速地采取措施，对这些储油罐进行维修，最大程度上减低了政府部门在这个方面的罚款和采取进一步的强制措施。由于很多不同的加油站的经营者有意向出售他们已经安装好储油罐，建造好了的加油站，我们所预见的油气泄漏事故比率会升高。two factors assisted to minimize the product leakage. the first, guangdong province soils are mostly clay based, which impedes the flow of corrosive liquids around the tanks. secondly, chinas nationals standards require underground tanks to be wrapped with a resin sealant to prevent leaks. 有两个因素可以降低油气泄漏。第一，广东省的土壤大部分是泥质的，可以阻止腐蚀性的液体在储油罐附近流动。第二，中国国家标准规定了地下储油罐必须采用树脂密封剂的涂层来防止泄漏。the engineering department will continuously monitor the integrity of the jvs tanks though ongoing gauging and pressure testing activities and will be responsible for the periodic review of the underground tank and piping policy.工程部门将会通过容积测量以及气压测试，不断地对合资公司的储油罐进行监控，并负责对地下储油罐和输油管道方面的政策的定时考察。3. the jv policy on tank replacement is to replace the tank under any of the following conditions:合资公司在更换储油罐方面的制度是，如果发生了以下情况，储油罐就必须更换：- tanks older than 5 years of age, unless the manufacturer is known and the tanks have a thickness gauge of 6 mm or more. (china national standard is 5 mm) 储油罐的使用年限超过五年，除非我们了解制造商的能力并测得油罐的实际厚度还在6毫米以上。（中国的标准是5毫米）- all tanks being moved from one location to another must be x-rayed and static pressure tested after being completely installed at the new location.所有储油罐，如果从一个地方搬到另外一个地方，在新地点安装完毕后，必须要通过x光检测和静电压力测试。- tanks must pass a visual inspect储油罐必须进行目测- tanks must be wrapped with three layers of paint and two layers of cloth with resin储油罐必须用三层油漆，两层含有树脂的布料进行包裹- when tanks are replaced, jv minimum tank thickness for new tanks is 8-10 cm. 储油罐更换后，合资公司对新油罐的厚度的最低要求是8-10厘米4. soil types impact the environmental clean-up of spilled products当油品泄露时土壤类型对环境保护的影响the best soils to minimize the spread of spilled petroleum products are impermeable rock and clays, followed by loose soils and sand. when product is spilled into impermeable rock formations, the product is effectively contained until it naturally attenuates (breaks down) or is cleaned up. clay soils tend to contain product by not allowing the product to dissipate by moving to adjoining properties or entering the water table. loose soils tend to absorb product like a sponge and will allow the product to migrate both sideways and down to the water table. sand has very little resistance to control the product flow and will allow the product to go straight down and enter the water table. 能使渗露的油品的流失尽量控制在最小范围的最佳土质是不可渗透的石头和粘土, 其次是疏松的土壤和沙粒。当油品渗露到不可渗透的土质时，它能很大程度吸附住这些油品，直到挥发（分解）或被清洁掉。粘土能吸附油品而不会使其流到附近的地方或渗进地下水。 疏松的土壤好象海绵，吸收渗露出来的油品再流到周边或渗入地下水位 。沙粒基本不能阻隔渗露油品的流动，使渗漏油品直接下渗并进入地下水。once spilled product enters the water table it quickly migrates with the water table flow and spreads to adjoining properties. product spills that impact the water table have the highest risk to harm human life and are the most expensive to cleanup. petroleum products are harmful to humans especially if absorbed via drinking contaminated drinking water over a long-term period of time. petroleum products are a known carcinogenic. 一旦渗露油品进入地下水很快就会沿着地下水位流落到各处，对人们的生活带来极大的危害而且清理费用很高。此时油品对人的危害尤其见于饮用了长时间含有油品的水，身体就不断吸收到油品。石油是一种众所周知的致癌物质。 an asset lifecycle approach to preventing environmental liabilities了解资产使用周期，防止环境问题责任part1introduction第一部分：介绍environmental lifecycle management is key to preventing environmental liabilities. lifecycle management is the planning, guidance, care, conduct and stewardship provided during each phase of the lifecycle of a project or facility asset. 环境的使用周期管理是避免环境问题责任的关键。使用周期管理是指对于每一个计划方案或者设备资产在每个阶段的计划，指引，照管，使用和职能。from the point of view of environmental liabilities, there are four basic phases in the lifecycle of a project or facility:从环境责任的角度上看，每个计划和设备的使用寿命都有四个基本的阶段： site acquisition - new build收购加油站 新建加油站 operations & maintenance运作以及维修 pre-closure planning and remediation关闭前的计划及有关措施 divestment, shut down, decommissioning, or redevelopment弃置，关闭，退役或者重新建造加油站lifecycle management is the planning, guidance, care, conduct and stewardship provided during each phase of the lifecycle of a project or facility asset. 环境的使用周期管理是避免环境问题责任的关键。使用周期管理是指对于每一个计划方案或者设备资产在每个阶段的计划，指引，照管，使用和职能。an asset lifecycle approach to preventing environmental liabilities了解资产使用周期，防止环境问题责任introduction介绍from the point of view of environmental liabilities, there are four basic phases in the lifecycle of a project or facility. listed below are the phases with various examples of good practices that are intended to reduce the potential of creating environmental liabilities as a result of our business operations: 从环境责任的角度上看，每个计划和设备的使用寿命都有四个基本的阶段。以下列出了在不同阶段的例子，给我们展示了在我们经营上的好的操作方式是如何减少潜在环境责任的。1.acquisition or new build 收购或者新建加油站 consideration of environmental aspects in the site location在加油站选址上考虑到环境方面的问题 consideration of environmental aspects in the site design 在加油站的设计上考虑到环境方面的问题 review/oversee construction procedures for environmental risks审查/监督建站程序，以避免环境风险 phyto-landscapes to maximize petroleum attenuation利用生化环境最大限度地减少油气的影响phyto-landscapes are the advanced remediation using the process of incorporating environment-friendly, ornamental plants in service station design to mitigate the environmental impact resulting from small subsurface spills and leaks. 生化环境是最先进的防治措施，其通过在加油站附近种植对环境有利的某些植物，利用这些植物来减弱一些轻微的地表渗漏对环境造成的影响。2.operations & maintenance 运作以及维修 leak detection application油气泄漏的观测申请表 good maintenance procedures 良好的维修程序 operator training in prevention对经营者在预防工作上的培训3.pre-closure planning and remediation关闭前的计划及有关措施 sites sharing water treatment facilities with groundwater remediation projects加油站水处理设备和地下水治理方案 regulatory negotiations规章协商 phyto-remediation in site design在加油站涉及上考虑到生化治理4.divestment, shut down, decommissioning, or redevelopment. 弃置，关闭，退役或者重新建造加油站 divesting sites with environmental liabilities accepted by buyers在出让加油站的时候，让收购者接受环境保护措施 using controls to control future land use采取方法来对将来的用地进行控制o institutional barrierssuch as asphalt (to act as a barrier between the contaminated soils and humans)技术屏障 例如沥青（称为隔离受污染的土地和人类之间的屏障） land reuse projects土地再利用计划o when the station is redeveloped to other uses, the facilities must not have basements (where vapors can gather) or sensitive receptor uses (which will expose vapors to humans) 当加油站重新开发并进行其他用途的时候，新的设施不能够设计地下室（因为水蒸气会聚集）或使用感应探测器（把这些水蒸气带给人类）。understanding how we can impact the environment了解一下我们是如何影响环境的introduction介绍how petroleum releases impact our environment, health, and safety石油产品如何影响我们的环境，健康和安全加油站传播媒介（空气）加油泵泄漏泄漏受污染土壤储油罐传播媒介（地下水）1. how releases can happen: 渗漏是如何发生的？- spills to cracks in the concrete or asphalt surface渗漏到水泥地面的裂缝中或者沥青路面 - leaking underground storage tanks and piping地下储油罐和输油管道的渗漏- leaking aboveground storage tanks地上储油罐的渗漏- leaks at the dispensers油机的渗漏- spills that reach drains or catch basins渗漏到沟渠和滤污器- overfills during fuel deliveries卸油时油满溢出2. how releases can impact the environment: 油气渗漏是如何污染环境的？- impacts to ground water, including drinking water对地下水，包括饮用水的污染- impacts to surface water对地表水的污染- impacts to surface soils对地面土壤的污染- vapors in buildings, basements and underground utilities建筑物里的蒸汽，地下室和地下设备3. how releases can impact human health: 油气渗漏是如何影响健康的- inhalation呼入气体- contact with skin皮肤接触- consumption进食4. how releases can impact safety 油气渗漏是如何影响安全的- fire火灾- explosion爆炸this section of the handbook provides recommended good practices for service station operators, specifically in the areas of:part2a c q u i s i tion第二部分：加油站的收购在这里，本手册为加油站运作提供各种良好的操作方式，尤其在以下方面： understanding the potential environmental risks for a property prior to purchase在购买物业之前，了解潜在的环境风险 recognizing potential environmental risks that could result from future retail operations.识别对我们将来的运作业务带来潜在风险的环境问题understanding the potential environmental risks for a property prior to purchase.在购买物业之前，了解潜在的环境风险recognizing potential environmental risks that could result from future station operations.识别对我们将来油站零售运作带来潜在风险的环境问题prior to purchasing