2014年电大【建筑结构试验】综合练习及答案参考小抄.doc

专业好文档【建筑结构试验】综合练习及答案建筑结构试验综合练习及答案一、选择题 1用量纲分析法进行结构模型设计时，下列哪一个量纲不属于基本量纲？（ ）a质量m ； b应力； c长度l ； d时间t。（ ）2下列钢筋混凝土结构的承载力极限标志中，哪一条不正确？（ ）a 跨中最大挠度达到跨度的150；b 受拉主筋重心处裂缝宽度达到1.5mm；c 剪力区，受压混凝土剪压破坏或斜压破坏；d 主筋端部相对混凝土滑移达01mm。3建筑结构的模型试验的优点，做如下表述中，哪一点是不以的？（ ）a 制作容易，节省材料、时间、人力；b 可以根据试验目的，突出主要因素，针对性强；c 可以严格控制其主要参数，避免许多外界因素干扰，保证数据准确；d 能表达实体的一切特征。4在结构抗震动力试验中，下列何种加载方法既能较好地模拟地震又有实现的可能？（ ）a采用机械式偏心激振器激振 ； b采用地震模拟振动台；c采用炸药爆炸模拟人工地震； d采用电磁激振器激振。5贴电阻片处的应变为500，电阻片的灵敏系数k20，在这个电阻片上应产生的电阻变化率应是下列哪一个？（ ）a02 b04 c01 d036测量下列截面的内力值，哪一种应变计布置不符合测量要求？（ ） a b c d 测轴力 (n) 测轴力与弯矩(n,mx) 测轴力 (n) 测轴力与弯矩(n,mx,my)7钢筋混凝土梁受集中荷载作用，按下图各截面的测点布置，哪一组应变测点可作为校核测点？（ ） a b c d8. 用下列方法检测混凝土强度等级，哪一种最可靠？（ ）a 用超声法测定混凝土强度等级； b用钻芯法测定混凝土强度等级；c. 用回弹法测定混凝土强度等级； d用超声回弹法测定混凝土强度等级。9.用下列四种量测方法测量梁的正截面裂缝宽度，哪一种最标准？（ ）a 取侧面三条最大裂缝的平均宽度 b取底面三条最大裂缝的平均宽度c取受拉主钢筋重心处的最大裂缝宽度 d取侧面和底面三条最大裂缝平均宽度10.结构试验前，应进行预载，以下哪一条不当？（ ）a 混凝土结构预载值不宜超过开裂荷载计算值70b 预应力混凝土结构预载值可以超过开裂荷载计算值c 钢结构的预载值可以加到使用荷载d 预应力混凝土结构的预载值可以加至正常使用荷载二判断题（下列论述，对的画，错误的画）1结构静力试验加载分级是为了便于观察变形与荷载的关系。（ ）2研究结构在荷载作用下的弹性、弹塑性直至破坏各阶段全过程的工作性能，应取弹性模型进行试验。（ ）3移动荷载作用下结构所产生的动挠度往往比静挠度小。（ ）4结构静力试验时，安装在结构上的仪表，要求刚度小，不影响被测结构的工作性能。（ ）5测量结构振动时，安装在结构上的振动传感器的质量应尽可能大，才能不影响结构的振动特性。（ ）三简答题1试述测量应变有哪几种仪器（方法）？2.生产检验性试验与研究性试验，荷载分级有哪些相同的？3.静力试验中，各级荷载下的恒载持续时间是如何规定的？4.怎样确定开裂荷载实测值？5.一个截面对称的构件，承受弯矩与轴力共同作用，如图所示，用电阻应变仪测量弯矩引起的最大应变。试拟定一个测试方案，并列出应变仪读数与实际应变的关系？ p m m p6.测定结构的动力特性的方法有哪几种？7下图为低周反复荷载试验的结果。试说明图中所示四点的强度的定义。8一根端部作用着荷载的悬臂梁，按最大挠度（ ）相似设计模型，简述确定相似常数的过程。参考答案：一、选择题1b2d3d4b5c6d7d8. b9c10b二判断题（下列论述，对的画，错误的画）12345三简答题1答：电阻应变计；手持式应变计；振弦式应变计。2.答：达到标准荷载之前，每级加载值不应大于标准值的20%，一般分五级加至标准荷载；标准荷载之后，每级不宜大于标准荷载的10%；对于钢筋混凝土或预应力构件，加载到开裂荷载的90%后，也应改为不大于标准值的5%施加，直至第一条裂缝出现，开裂后再恢复到正常加载程序。3.答：混凝土结构的级间停留时间不得少于1015min，钢结构取10min，砌体和木结构也可参照执行。在正常使用极限状态标准荷载作用下的持续时间不应少于30min，钢结构也不宜少于30min，砌体为30min的6倍；木结构不小于24小时；拱式砖石结构或混凝土结构不小于72小时。对于预应力混凝土构件的研究性试验，达到开裂荷载计算值仍未开裂，应持续30min(检验性构件不受此限制)。对于采用新材料、新工艺、新结构形式的结构构件，或跨度较大(大于12m)的屋架、桁架等结构构件，为了确保使用期间的安全，要求在正常使用极限状态短期试验荷载作用下的持续时间不宜少于12h，在这段时间内变形继续增长而无稳定趋势时，还应延长持续时间直至变形发展稳定为止。4.答：如果在规定的荷载持载时间结束后出现裂缝，则将此级荷载定为开裂荷载实测值。如果在规定的荷载持载时间内出现裂缝，则将此级荷载与前一级荷载的平均值定为开裂荷载实测值。如果没有及时发现第一条裂缝，可取荷载挠度曲线上的转折点（曲线第一弯转段两端点切线的交点）的荷载值作为构件的开裂荷载实测值。5.答：如图，在截面的受拉及受压边缘各贴一片电阻片；按半桥接法，将受拉边缘电阻片接于电桥a、b端，将受拉边缘电阻片接于电桥b、c端 ；=2。（或：如右图，在截面的受拉及受压边缘各贴两片电阻片；按全桥接法，将受拉边缘电阻片接于电桥a、b及c、d端，将受拉边缘电阻片接于电桥b、c及d、a端 ；=4。)6.答：自由振动法；共振法；脉动法。7答：开裂强度 试件出现垂直裂缝或斜裂缝时的截面内力(mf，nf，vf)或应力(f，f)值。 屈服强度 试件刚度开始明显变化时的截面内力(my，ny，vy)或应力(fy，fy)值。 极限强度 试件达到最大承载能力时的截面内力(mmax，nmax，vmax)或应力(max，max)值。 破损强度 试件经历最大承载能力后，达到某一剩余承载能力时的截面内力(mp，np，vp)或应力(p，p)值。目前试验标准和规程规定可取极限强度的85。8答：按公式求相似判据： 将相似判据换算成相似指标，并令其为1，即： 确定相应的相似常数：设材料相同、，最大挠度相同；则可求得： winger tuivasa-sheck, who scored two tries in the kiwis 20-18 semi-final win over england, has been passed fit after a lower-leg injury, while slater has been named at full-back but is still recovering from a knee injury aggravated against usa.both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but australia have not conceded a try since josh charnleys effort in their first pool match against england on the opening day.aussie winger jarryd hayne is the competitions top try scorer with nine, closely followed by tuivasa-sheck with eight.but it is recently named rugby league international federation player of the year sonny bill williams who has attracted the most interest in the tournament so far.the kiwi - with a tournament high 17 offloads - has the chance of becoming the first player to win the world cup in both rugby league and rugby union after triumphing with the all blacks in 2011.id give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the line this weekend, said williams.the (lack of) air up there watch mcayman islands-based webb, the head of fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in london for the football associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend citys premier league match at chelsea on sunday.i am going to be at the match tomorrow and i have asked to meet yaya toure, he told bbc sport.for me its about how he felt and i would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against cskafor the racist behaviour of their fans duringcitys 2-1 win.michel platini, president of european footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.cska said they were surprised and disappointed by toures complaint. in a statement the russian side added: we found no racist insults from fans of cska. baumgartner the disappointing news: mission aborted.the supersonic descent could happen as early as sunda.the weather plays an important role in this mission. starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. the balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. it will climb higher than the tip of mount everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. as he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.the balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( then, i would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an olympic diving platform.they blew it in 2008 when they got caught cold in the final and they will not make the same mistake against the kiwis in manchester.five years ago they cruised through to the final and so far history has repeated itself here - the last try they conceded was scored by englands josh charnley in the opening game of the tournament.that could be classed as a weakness, a team under-cooked - but i have been impressed by the kangaroos focus in their games since then.they have been concentrating on the sort of stuff that wins you tough, even contests - strong defence, especially on their own goal-line, completing sets and a good kick-chase. theyve been great at all the unglamorous stuff that often goes unnoticed in