级进模设计中的要点 毕业论文外文翻译.doc

文献翻译级进模设计中的要点1、引言对冲压生产而言，单工位模具结构单一，生产效率低，而且钣金零件不能过于复杂，否则就需要多副单工位模具才能实现。如果采用级进模进行冲压生产，就司拟改变这些缺点。级进模的特点是生产效率高，生产周期短，占用的操作人员少，非常适合大批量生产。2、级进模设计要点2.1 产品的展开计算与排样读懂产品图后，首先要进行展开计算，产品的展开尺寸一般是通过经验公式得来的，也有的是通过软件计算得来的。无论用哪种方法，应该保证计算结果是在允许的范围内。因为一旦展开尺寸计算错了，最后的产品定是不合格的，再改正会很麻烦。所以应该对展开计算的结果进行验算，以保证展开尺寸准确无误。设计排样图的过程，就是确定模具结构的过程，如果排样图确定了，那么模具的基本结构也就确定下来了。所以，在进行排样设计时，要从全局进行详尽的考虑，不能受限于局部结构，而且还要多注意细节。例如：在分配每一步工位时，不但要考虑哪一工位冲裁，哪一工位折弯，哪一工位成形，还要考虑各个镶块应如何排布，排布的空间够不够，各个镶块之间有没有相互影响。对于冲裁的工位，应主要考虑冲裁力如何分布均匀合理，冲裁模强度是否能够保证，复杂的冲裁应适当分察。对于折弯和成形等工位，则应考虑是否能一次成形，如果没有把握，应增加一步顶成形或空步，以方便模具调整。对于平面度要求高或成形中易形成翘曲的产品，应增加校平工位来保证平面度。设计排样时，在保证条料能顺利送进和稳定生产的前提下，应尽量减小料宽和步距，以降低钣金零件的成本。2.2 镶块设计2.2.1冲裁凸模冲裁凸模的形状是由产品的形状决定的，它可以采用直身结构也可采用加强型结构。主要的固定方式有：挂台固定、销钉固定、螺丝固定。压块固定、顶丝固定。这其中挂台固定最安全可靠，销钉固定不常用，其它3种固定方式主要是便于维修时快速更换。可以根据需要自由选择。凹模刃口可以直接在凹模板上割出，但对于产量较大或硬度较高的产品，应设计凹模镶块，以方便维修。凹模镶块的固定方式有：挂台固定、螺丝固定、压块固定。在设计单侧冲截的凹模镶块时，为防止产生废料上浮，应在不冲裁的一侧增加挤料尖角，挤住废料，不让其上浮。2.1.2模板设计标准的级进模模板包括：卸料板、固定板、凹模板、上模座，下模座。其中卸料扳、固定板、凹模板是关键的三块模板，也是级进模必不可少的。固定板起着固定凸模的作用；卸料板主要起卸料、导向、压料三个作用；凹模板既可以充当凹模刃口，也可以在其上镶拼凹模镶块。三块模板之间用四个小导柱来导向，把四个小导柱固定在凸棋固定板上，在卸料板和凹模板上分别镶四个小导蜜，精确控制小导柱和小导套间的配合精度，以保证凸模的运动精度。进行级进模的设计，有一项也很重要，就是设计让位，一般弯曲或成形等工位的所有后续 工位都需要让位，而且要充分让位，不但要考虑静态让位，还要考虑动态是否需要让位。2.1.3其它零件设计在级进模中，一些辅助零件对模具的顺利工作也起着重要的作用。(1)导正钉。在级进模中，导正钉对产品的精度有较大的影响，一般在第一工位冲了两个孔，后续工位用这两个孔进行双导向，这样能够较好的保证产品的精度。设计导正钉时要注意控制导正钉的长度，当模具在自由状态时导正钉的直臂部分伸出卸料板的长度要小于产品的个料厚，这样就可以有效地避免带料现象。(2)拾料块和顶杆。当条料进行折弯、切门，拉伸等成形工序时，会产生包紧力使条料成形部位包紧在镶块上，不易脱模。为保证条料顺利弹起，应在适当位置设计抬料块或顶杆，依靠弹簧力梅条料顶出。而在最后工位，切断的产品有时会因为冲压油的作用粘附在模具上，所以最后工位上、下模均应设计顶杆，以防出现叠件现象并损伤模具。另外，为了防止误送料和废料上浮现象损伤模具，可以设计误送料和废料上浮感应报警装置。3、结束语设计是源头，设计虽然只占模具成本的10左右，却决定了整个模具成本的70-80，所以，设计人员在设计时一定要详尽地考虑模具结构，考虑提高生产率，如何方便维修。但是，又不能完全依赖于设计，在实际生产中要具体问题且体分析，根据实际状况进行模具调整也是必需的。在生产中模具的维修、保养也是很重要的。在模具维修时应该多注意细节，找出根本原因，引对其维修。在拆装模具时，要认真仔细，以防损伤摸具。定期的维护、保养可以大大提高模具的寿命。progressive die design elements 1, introduction production of stamping, the single-stage structure of a single die, low productivity, and sheet metal parts can not be too complicated, otherwise they would need more than single-station dies vice can be achieved. if the use of progressive die stamping to the production, on the secretarys proposed change to these shortcomings. progressive die is characterized by high productivity, shorter production cycles, less occupied by the operator, is very suitable for mass production. 2, progressive die design 2.1 calculation and products to start nesting read product plans, the first to start the calculation, the general size of the product launch formula through the experience can be accomplished, there is also some software comes from. either method of calculation should be ensured in the permitted range. because once the size of the calculation is wrong, the final product - is not up to standard setting, and then the trouble will be corrected. therefore, the calculation should start checking the results, carried out in order to ensure accurate size. map layout design process is to define the process of die structure, if the layout plan identified, then the die will determine the basic structure down. therefore, during the layout design, from a detailed consideration of the overall situation can not be limited to local structure, but also pay more attention to details. for example: every step in the allocation of position, not only have to consider what position blanking, which bent position, which position forming, we must also consider how to insert each arrangement, arrangement of space enough all between the insert did not affect each other. work for the blanking, and punching power should be the main consideration of how a reasonable distribution, intensity die can guarantee that the complex should be sub-inspection blanking. for workers, such as bending and forming, and should consider the possibility of a shape, if not sure, should be increased step by step top shape or space to facilitate adjustment tool. requirements for flatness or warpage shape is easy to form the products, should increase the school-site level to ensure flatness. layout design, the material can be in ensuring a smooth and stable into the premise of the production should be expected to reduce the step width and to reduce the cost of sheet metal parts. 2.2 insert design 2.2.1 blanking punch blanking punch shape is determined by the shape of products, it can be used straight body structure of the structure can be enhanced. the way the major fixed: hang stationary, fixed pins, screws. press the fixed, fixed-wire top. this fixed most of them linked to taiwan safe and reliable, are not commonly used fixed pin, the other three kinds of fixation methods is to facilitate the rapid replacement of maintenance. can choose freely. die directly on the concave edge can cut out the template, but for the production of larger or higher hardness products, should be designed die insert to facilitate maintenance. die insert a fixed way: hanging stationary, screw fixed, fixed-press. unilateral red in the design of the die cut insert, the surface to prevent the generation of waste should not be punching the side of the cusp is expected to increase congestion, crowded living waste from its surface. 2.1.2 template design progressive die standard templates include: discharge board, a fixed plate, concave template, on the mold base, the mold base. which the discharge plate and fixed plate, au is the key of the three template template, is essential for progressive die. fixed plate fixed to play the role of punch; discharge discharge from the main board, orientation, the role of binder in three; au template can serve as die cutting, or for the die insert. between the three template column with four small introduction to the guide, the four small lead column fixed fixed chess board in the convex, concave in the discharge plate and insert a template, respectively, four small lead honey, precise control of small columns and i. introduction of a small suite with precision in order to ensure the accuracy of punch movement. progressive die for the design, there is a very important way is to design, bending or forming, such as the general position of all the follow-up work place needs to give way, and to fully make way, make way to consider not only static but also whether there is a need to consider dynamic way. 2.1.3 design of other parts progressive die in some parts of the mold supporting the smooth progress of the work also plays an important role. (1) guide is nailed. progressive die in china, introduction of products are nail had a greater impact on accuracy, the general position in the first two red holes, place the follow-up work carried out by the two-hole two-direction, this can guarantee a better product accuracy. design guidelines are being nailed to the attention of the control guide is the length of nails, when the mold in a free state guide arm is part of the nail plate extending the length of discharge less than the product - a thick material so that you can effectively avoid material phenomena. (2) block and push up feed. when the material to be bent, cut the door, stretching and other forming processes, we will have a package so tight power metal forming parts of articles in the package insert on tight and difficult to release. in order to ensure a smooth feed up article, the design should be carried in a suitable position or push block material, and relying on the spring force is expected top be a plum. in the final position, the products are sometimes cut off because the role of the oil press in the mold on the adhesion, so the final position the upper and lower mold mandrel should be designed to prevent the phenomenon of overlapping pieces and mold damage. in addition, in order to prevent misuse and waste feed mold surface damage