【大学课件】材料科学基础（中英版）ppt

/sundae_meng材料科学基础Fundamental of Materials Science第 2页Fundamental of Materials ScienceCourse objective Introduce fundamental concepts in MSEYou will learn about: material microstructure how microstructure influence properties how processing can change structure how material interact with environment factorsThis course will help you to: Make and use materials correctly find new applications for materials第 3页材料科学基础课程目的： 介绍材料科学与工程的基本概念学习内容： 材料的组成和结构 材料的组成对性质的影响 加工对材料组成的影响 材料与环境因素的相互作用课程目标： 正确制备与使用材料 实现材料的创新应用设计第 4页lecturesLecturer:Total course times 64 hours Lectures: 28 sessions, 2 hours / week Recitations: 2 sessions, 2 hours / session 2 experiments, 2 sessions. Time:Location:Activities: Present new study material Announce reading and homework Take quizzes第 5页授课信息授课人：时间：地点：主要活动： 教授新课 布置作业 课堂测验第 6页RecitationsInstructor:TimesLocation:Purpose: review lecture concepts discuss homework, quizzes exams第 7页习题课指导人：时间：地点目的： 复习课程内容 讨论作业、小测验和期中考试第 8页Teaching ScheduleSession 1: General introSession 2: Atomic bondingSession 3: Symmetry第 9页Grading期末闭卷考试（ Final exam）： 60%实验（ Lab）： 10%平时考勤（ Attendance): 10%课程报告 (Project): 10%课后作业 (Homework): 10%第 10页Course bookTextbook 无机材料科学基础 ，宋晓岚，黄学辉，化学工业出版社， 2006 Fundamentals of Ceramics, Michel Barsoum, Institute of Physics, 2003References 材料导论 ，师昌绪，化学工业出版社， 2002 材料科学基础 ，陆佩文，武汉理工大学出版社， 1996 材料科学基础 ，潘金生，清华大学出版社， 1998 材料科学与工程基础 ，（美）史密斯等，机械工业出版社， 2006 Fundamentals of materials science and engineering. (fifth edition) William D. Callister. Essentials of materials Science and Engineering. Donald R. Askeland, Pradeep P.Phule./sundae_meng第一章 绪论Chapter I An Overview第 12页Learning ObjectivesList the four primary classifications of solid materials and then cite the distinctive physical & chemical feature of each.List four different traditional inorganic materials.List different types of advanced inorganic materials.Cite the general characteristics of inorganic materials.Cite the synthesis of inorganic materials.Cite the general manufacture process of inorganic products.Understand the principles of selection of inorganic materials.第 13页学习目标列出四种固体材料及其物理化学特性列出四种传统的无机非金属材料列出不同类型的先进无机非金属材料了解无机非金属材料的特性了解无机非金属材料的合成方法了解无机非金属产品的制备工艺掌握无机非金属材料的选用原则第 14页ContentsWhat is material Materials and civilization Classification of materialsMaterials science and engineering Materials science Materials engineering Relations between Materials science and engineering Four components of discipline of materials science and engineeringInorganic materials Traditional inorganic materials Advanced inorganic materialsCharacteristic of inorganic materialsSynthesis and processing of inorganic materialsSelection of inorganic materialsContents of materials science and engineering第 15页本章内容什么是材料 材料与人类文明 材料的分类材料科学与工程的内涵 材料科学 材料工程 材料科学与工程的关系 材料科学与工程四要素无机材料 传统无机材料 先进无机材料无机材料的特点无机材料的合成和制备工艺无机材料的选用原则本课程的教学内容第 16页What is material?What is material? Materials is physical substance which may be shaped or manipulated to make tools, instruments, or products. Materials are matters, however, not all matters are materials. Materials, energy and information are the three pillars of current human civilization. Materials science and engineering, together with sustainable energy technology, information technology and bio-technology, are the four fundamental pieces of new technology revolution. 第 17页What is material? Materials and civilization Different materials are milestones of human early civilizations.Old stone age (250,000BC10,000BC). New stone age (10,000BC-3,000BC).Bronze age (3,0001BC).Iron age (1AD1880AD). Materials in first industrial revolution (1881-1935). Materials in second industrial revolution (1935-1980). Materials today too,ooo,ooo many (1980- ） .第 18页What is material? Classifications of materials Based on the chemical composition:Metals, Non-metal inorganic materials (ceramic mateials)Polymers, Composites Based on physical properties Based on the industrial applications第 19页1.1 什么是材料材料的分类金属材料无机非金属材料高分子材料复合材料第 20页Materials science and engineeringWhat is materials science? The discipline of materials science involves investigating the relationships that exist among the composition, the structures, the properties and performance of materials. solid matters are the concerns of in materials science. It is based on many fundamental subjects, such as solid physics, thermal dynamics, kinetics, quantum mechanics, metallurgy, and chemistry, etc.What is materials engineering? In contrast, materials engineering is techniques of designing or engineering the structure of a material to produce a predetermined set of properties. 第 21页材料科学与工程什么是材料科学 ? 材料科学是一门以固体材料为研究对象，以固体物理、热力学、动力学、量子力学、冶金、化学为基础的应用学科，主要探讨材料的组成、结构与性能之间的规律的一门基础应用学科，是研究材料共性的一门学科。 什么是材料工程 材料工程是对材料的结构进行设计和处理，并制备出具有某些特定性质的工艺即工程技术问题。第 22页Materials science and engineeringThe relationship between materials science and materials engineeringMaterials engineeringHow to makeMaterials scienceWhy it has第 23页材料科学与材料工程的关系材料科学的核心问题是结构和性能的关系。研究 “为什么 ”的学问。材料工程是通过合理的、经济的控制材料的结构、性能和形状，制备出有一定特性的材料的方法和技术。解决“怎么做 ”的问题的学问。材料科学的基础理论为材料工程研究指明方向，为更好的选择材料、使用材料、发挥现有材料的潜力、发展新材料提供理论基础；材料工程则具体的解决制备、合成加工中出现的技术及工程问题。第 24页Synthesis & processingperformancepropertyComposition & structure（ chemistry）（ engineering）（ physics）Four components of discipline of materials science and engineering第 25页材料科学与工程的四个基本要素：合成与加工、组成与结构、性质、使用性能。 探索这四个要素之间的关系，涵盖了从基础学科到工程的全部内容。合成与制备过程使用性能性质组成与结构 （化学）（工程）（物理学）材料科学与工程四要素第 26页1. Pick Application Determine required Properties Properties: mechanical, electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical, deteriorative.2. Properties Identify candidate Material(s) Material: structure, composition.3. Material Identify required Processing Processing: changes structure and overall shape ex: casting, sintering, vapor deposition, doping, forming, joining, annealin