Unit_6---涉外合同翻译translatingcontract.ppt

1、1,Translating Business Contract,2,Knowledge Objective： 1. 了解合同、商务合同的定义、分类及主要构成要素。 2. 认识并掌握商务合同的语言特点和翻译技巧。 Capacity Objective： 1. 能够正确翻译商务合同中的常用术语和句式。 2. 能够翻译英文商务合同、协议书、确认书、备忘录等常见合同文本。,3,warm-up: Translate the following sentences,Unless it is legally or physically impossible, the contractor shall exe

2、cute and complete the works and remedy the defects therein in strict accordance with the contract to the satisfaction of the engineer. In case of any divergence of interpretation, the English text shall prevail.,4,Unless it is legally or physically impossible, the contractor shall execute and comple

3、te the works and remedy the defects therein in strict accordance with the contract to the satisfaction of the engineer. physically 物质地，自然地，（法）外界条件 除法律或外界条件不允许的情况外，承包商应该严格按照合同施工和竣工，并改正工作中的任何缺陷，以达到工程师满意的程度。,5,2. In case of any divergence of interpretation, the English text shall prevail. divergence of

4、 interpretation解释上的分歧 如在解释上遇到分歧，应以英文本为准。 Note：“解释”可以译为construction, exposition, explanation, etc.但是针对法律条文的“解释”应译为interpretation. 由此体现合同用词的准确性。,6,Warm-up: Find out any improper parts in the following rendering of the sentence.,本开发区内外商投资企业生产的出口产品，除国家另有规定的产品外，可免征关税。 Exports products manufactured by for

5、eign invested enterprises in the Development Zone, except those under other existing regulations by the State, shall be exempted from Customs duty.,Exports本身就有“出口产品”的意思,语义重复，可以用duty-free代替,太啰嗦了。可以用unless otherwise regulated代替,7,本开发区内外商投资企业生产的出口产品，除国家另有规定的产品外，可免征关税。,Revised,Exports manufactured by fo

6、reign-invested enterprises in the Development Zone are duty-free, unless otherwise regulated by the State.,8,A contract in this Law refers to an agreement establishing, modifying and terminating the civil rights and obligations between subjects of equal footing, that is，between natural persons, lega

7、l persons or other organizations. 合同是平等主体的自然人、法人、其他组织之间设立、变更、终止民事权利义务关系的协议。 -中华人民共和国合同法第二条,9,What is business contract?,Business contract refers to rules and regulations in legal forms as per all parties involved to ensure duties and obligations while on business. 商务合同是指有关各方之间在进行某种商务合作时，为了确定各自的权利和义务

8、，而正式依法订立的、并且经过公证的、必须共同遵守的协议条文。,10,Classification of business contracts,Sales/ Purchase confirmation 购销合同 Contract of Credits Loans 信贷合同 Contract for Leasing Affairs 租赁合同 Contract of Cooperation 协作合同 Contract for Processing Trade 加工合同,11,Construction Contract 基建合同 Insurance Contract 保险合同 Contract for

9、 International Transportation 国际运输合同 Contract for BOT（Build-Operate-Transfer） 国际投资合同,12,Contract for Technology Transfer 技术转让合同 Contract for International Engineering Projects 国际工程承包合同 Employment Contract 聘请雇员合同 Contract for Different Trade Forms 多种贸易方式相结合合同,13,Foreign business contracts 涉外商务合同,涉外商务

10、合同 -具有涉外因素的商务合同。 涉外因素包括：合同主体的一方或双方是外国自然人或法人，或无国籍人；合同标的是位于外国的物、财产或需要在外国完成的行为；合同权利义务内容据以产生的法律事实发生在外国。,14,Categories of business contracts:,various contracts: 涉外商务合同按繁简不同，可以采取不同的书面形式 正式合同 （Contract） 协议书 （Agreement） 确认书 （Confirmation） 备忘录 （Memorandum） 订单 （Order）,etc,15,Contract and agreement,Contract is

11、 a legally binding agreement 合同就是有法律约束力的协议 -L.B Curzon A Dictionary of Law,16,Contents in a business contract,Title & Preamble 合同名称& 前文/前言 Body 合同正文 Witness Clause 结尾/证明条款,17,title & Preamble,1)订约日期和地点 （Date and Place of Signing） 2) 合同当事人及其国籍、主要营业场所或住所 （Signing Parties and Their Nationalities, Princ

12、ipal Place of Business or Residence Addresses）,18,3) 当事人合法依据 （Each Partys Authority 如该公司是 “按当地法律正式组织而存在的” A Corporation Duly Organized and Existing Under the Laws of XXX） 4)订约缘由/说明条款 （Recitals or Whereas Clause）,19,包括定义条款、基本条款和一般条款 定义条款（Definition Clause） -对合同中重复出现的关键名词术语进行明确定义，给出明确解释。 Common expres

13、sions: 本办法所称的证券是指 The securities termed herein refer to,Body本文,20,基本条款（Basic Conditions）： 1. Name and address 当事人的名称或者姓名和住所 2. 标的 Mark-合同的客体，即当事人权利义务共同指向的对象。合同标的可以是货物，也可以是劳务，还可以是技术成果或工程项目等，但法律禁止的行为与禁止转让的物不得作为合同标的 3. Quality and quantity 数量与质量 4. Price or remuneration 价款或酬金,21,4. The time, place and

14、performance 履行的期限、地点和方式 履行期限，是指享有权利的一方要求对方履行义务的时间 履行地点，是指合同当事人履行和接受履行合同义务的地方； 履行方式，是指当事人履行义务所采用的方法。,22,5. Responsibility of breach of contract 违约责任,违约责任是指合同当事人因违反合同义务所应承担的法律责任。设定违约责任条款，有助于督促当事人自觉履行合同义务，但违约条款的有无，一般并不影响合同的有效成立,23,6. Settlement for dispute 解决争议的办法,当事人可在合同中约定发生争议时所采用的解决办法，如仲裁、诉讼等。此外，当事人

15、认为必须在合同中明确的其他内容，也是合同的基本条款。,24,一般条款（General Terms and Conditions）： 合同有效期（Duration） 合同的终止（Termination） 不可抗力（Force Majeure） 合同的让与（Assignment）,25,仲裁（Arbitration） 适用的法律（Governing Law） 诉讼管辖（Jurisdiction） 通知手续（Notice） 合同修改（Amendment） 其他（Others）,26,“根据”条文的表达,按照（法律 /依据）订立本合同。 The following contract is formul

16、ated according to The rules are formulated pursuant to The agreement is formulated on the basis of,27,订立合同“目的”的表达方法,With the view to improving the present contract is formulated. The present Procedures are made out in the view to strengthen This Law is formulated in order to protect,28,“实施”的表达方式,本细则

17、自2010年5月12日起施行。 These rules go into effect/ force on May 12, 2010. 本办法自发布之日起施行。 The present,29,“例外”的表达方式,合营企业可以按不超过营业额5%的比例缴纳土地使用费，但需经过市土地局核定。 Joint ventures may also, subject to approval by the Land Bureau, pay land use fee at a rate of not more than 5 percent of their turnover.,30,结尾/证明条款（Witness

18、Clause）,份数 (copies) 使用的文字和效力（Concluding Sentence） 签名（Signature） 合同的附件 Appendices (包括图表、担保书、相关协议等),31,CONTRACT CONTRACT NO. SIGNING DATE/PLACE THE BUYER： Name Legal Address Contact THE SELLER： Name Legal Address,Title 合同名称,sample,32,Contract This contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Sell

19、er. Whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the under-mentioned commodity according to the terms and conditions. 买卖双方经协商，签署本合同。根据合同条款规定，买方同意购买，卖方同意出售下列货物。,Preamble 合同前言,33,NAME OF COMMODITY AND SCOPE OF THE CONTRACT 货物名称及合同适用范围 2. PRICE 3. PAYMENT 4. PACKING,Body 合同正文,34,IN WIT

20、NESS WHEREOF, this contract has been executed effective as of the date first above written. 双方证明，合同自签署之日起生效。 THE BUYER THE SELLER _ _ By：_ By：_ Date：_ Date：_ THE END USER _ By： _ Date：,witness clause 证明条款,35,Word bank,minute of talks 会议纪要 validity clauses of contracts 合同生效条款 definition and whereas 定

21、义及鉴于条款 assignment and guaranty of contracts 合同转让与担保条款,36,rescission and termination of contracts 合同的解除与终止条款 default and escape 违约与免责条款 arbitration and jurisdiction 仲裁与法律条款 international conventions and practice 国际惯例,37,Features of Language in Business Contract,1. rich in terminology We have covered

22、the goods against the risk of breakage, TPND, etc. 我方给货物投保破损险与盗窃及提货不着险。 (TPND-Theft, Pilferage and Non-Delivery 盗窃及提货不着险),38,2. rich in legal words,商务合同属于法律文书，为表现其权威性和严肃性，多使用正式、庄重的法律词语。 Contracts shall be concluded in accordance with the principle of equality and mutual benefit and of achieving agre

23、ement through consultation. 合同应在平等互利的基础上签订，并且协议各方一致同意各条款。 该句中的in accordance with 为法律合同常用词语，比according to 正式。,39,3. rich in old-used words,Hereafter 自此，今后 hereby 特此/兹此 Herein 此中，于此 hereinafter 在下文 Hereof 在本文中 thereto 另外，随附 Thereof 其中，它的 whereas 鉴于 Whereby 凭借 whereupon 因此，于是,40,4. rich in parallel str

24、ucture,在英语商务合同中，为了表达的严密性，通常将众多并列成分如单词、短语、从句等平行排列，组成对等结构，使表达的思想脉络分明，层次清晰。最常见的对等结构是由and或by连接的并列成分。,41,A contract of sale need not be concluded in or evidenced by writing and is not subject to any other requirement as to form. 销售合同无需以书面订立或书面证明，在形式方面也不受任何其他条件的限制。 本句中，concluded in，evidenced by，subject to

25、构成对等结构，增强了句子的平等感，使表达更加严密。,42,5. rich in special patterns,英语商务合同中大量使用被动语态、非谓语动词、情态动词、倒装句、省略句、条件句、介词（短语）、插入语等法律和商务文书类常用句型。,43,In case the contract is concluded on CIF basis, the insurance shall be effected by the Seller for 110% of invoice value covering all risks, war risk, S.R.C.C. risks (i.e. Strik

26、es, Riot, and Civil Commotions). 在到岸价基础上订立的合同，将由卖方按发票金额的110%投保综合险、战争险、罢工险、暴乱险和民变险。 本句是有关合同保险条款的内容，其中用了被动语态（is concluded，shall be effected）、非谓语动词（covering all risks.)、情态动词(shall)，另外还用了“in case”引导的条件句。,44,45,Translating special terms in contracts,合同英语的用词极其考究，翻译成汉语时往往具有约定俗成的汉语表达方式，通常需要注意以下几个方面的情况： （1）情

27、态动词may、shall、must、may not（或shall not）的翻译 （2）法律合同用副词的翻译 （3）同义词的翻译,46,情态动词may、shall、must、may not（或shall not）的翻译,may 旨在约定当事人的权利（可以做什么） shall 约定当事人的义务（应当做什么） must 用于强制性义务（必须做什么） may not /shall not 用于禁止性义务（不得做什么）,47,The parties hereto shall, first of all, settle any dispute arising from or in connection

28、with the contact by friendly negotiations. 双方首先应通过友好协商，解决因合同而发生的或与合同有关的争议。,48,Should such negotiations fail, such dispute may be referred to the Peoples Court having jurisdiction on such dispute for settlement in the absence of any arbitration clause in the disputed contract or in default of agreeme

29、nt reached after such dispute occurs. 如果协商未果，合同中又无仲裁条款约定或争议发生后未就仲裁达成一致的，可将争议提交有管辖权的人民法院解决。 本句中的should 和may表达准确。出现争议后应当先行协商，所以采用了义务性“约定”；如果协商解决不了，作为当事人的权利，用选择性约定may也很妥当。,49,Synonyms 同义词的翻译,英语商务合同中，常把几个同义词并列使用，以避免合同双方当事人按自己的意图来理解合同条文从而导致歧义。翻译时，应取这几个同义词的共义，以保证内容准确，维护法律文件的严肃性。,50,Synonyms,terms and cond

30、itions （条款） made and sign （签订） force and effect （效力） all and any （所有） each and every （每一个）,51,approve and accept （同意接受） by and between （与） fulfill and perform （履行） save and except （除了） final and conclusive （最终）,52,Translating patterns in contracts,英语商务合同中，有些句式是几乎每一份合同都要用到的，这些句式的翻译也往往是约定俗成的。翻译者若善于积累，

31、学会套用，将会收到事半功倍的效果。,53,Common patterns,The contract is made out in English and Chinese languages in quadruplicate, both texts being equally authentic, and each Party shall hold two copies of each text. 本合同用英文和中文两种文字写成，一式四份。双方执英文本和中文本各一式两份，两种文字具有同等效力。,54,This contract is signed by the authorized repres

32、entatives of both parties on Dec. 9, 2009. After signing the contract, both parties shall apply to their respective Government Authorities for ratification. The date of ratification last obtained shall be taken as the effective date of the contract. Both parties shall exert their utmost efforts to o

33、btain the ratification within 60 days and shall advise the other party by telex and thereafter send a registered letter for confirmation.,55,This contract is signed by the authorized representatives of both parties on Dec. 9, 2009. 本合同由双方代表于2009年12月9日签订。,56,After signing the contract, both parties s

34、hall apply to their respective Government Authorities for ratification. 合同签订后，由各方分别向本国政府当局申请批准，,57,The date of ratification last obtained shall be taken as the effective date of the contract. 以最后一方的批准日期为本合同的生效日期，,58,Both parties shall exert their utmost efforts to obtain the ratification within 60 d

35、ays and shall advise the other party by telex and thereafter send a registered letter for confirmation. 双方应力争在60天内获得批准，用电传通知对方，并用挂号信件确认。,59,The contract shall be valid for 10 years from the effective date of the contract, on the expiry of the validity term of contract, the contract shall automatical

36、ly become null and void. 本合同有效期从合同生效之日起共10年，有效期满后，本合同自动失效。,60,The outstanding claims and liabilities existing between both parties on the expiry of the validity of the contract shall not be influenced by the expiration of this contract. The debtor shall be kept liable until the debtor fully pays up

37、his debts to the creditor. 本合同期限届满时，双方发生的未了债权和债务不受合同期满的影响，债务人应向债权人继续偿付未了债务。,61,Any clause, covenant or agreement in a contract of carriage relieving the carrier or the ship from liability for loss or damage to, or in connection with, goods arising from negligence, fault or failure in duties and obli

38、gations provided in this article or lessening such liability otherwise than provided in these rules shall be null and void and no effect. 运输契约中任何条款、约定或协议，凡解除承运人或船舶由于疏忽、过失或未履行本条款规定的责任和义务，而引起货物或关于货物的丢失或损害责任的，或在本公约外减轻这种责任的，都应作废或无效。,62,另外，一些英语商务合同中常用短语的汉译也比较固定，翻译时可套用。 hereinafter referred to as 以下称 wher

39、eas 鉴于 in witness whereof 兹证明 for and on behalf of 代表 by virtue of 因为 prior to 在之前 as regards/concerning/relating to 关于 cease to do 停止做 in effect 事实上 miscellaneous 其他事项,63,Criteria of translation,外贸合同是法律文件，属于庄重文体。因此外贸合同的翻译应当遵循准确严谨、规范通顺的翻译原则 用词准确 术语统一 格式完整,64,Read the following sentence and its versi

40、on. Can you find anything wrong/ improper? By irrevocable Letter of Credit available by Sellers documentary bill at sight to be valid for negotiation in China until 15 days after date of shipment, the Letter of Credit must reach the Sellers 30 days before the contracted month of shipment. 以不可取消的信用证，

41、凭卖方即期付有的票据协商，有效期应为装运期15天后在中国到期，该信用证必须于合同规定的装运月份前30天到达卖方。,不可撤销信用证,译为“即期付有单据的票据”，概念不清，票据概念广泛，包括汇票、本票、支票等，在外贸合同支付条款中的票据应该为“汇票”，应译为“跟单汇票”,应为“议付”,装运期后15天,65,By irrevocable Letter of Credit available by Sellers documentary bill at sight to be valid for negotiation in China until 15 days after date of ship

42、ment, the Letter of Credit must reach the Sellers 30 days before the contracted month of shipment. Revised: 以不可撤销的信用证，凭卖方即期跟单汇票议付，有效期应为装运期后15天在中国到期。该信用证必须于合同规定的装运月份前30天到达卖方。,66,Read the following sentence and its version. Can you find anything wrong/ improper?,The balance should be settled upon the

43、arrival of the goods at the port of destination. 余款在货物到达目的港后结算。 Note：翻译合同必须严谨准确，原文中upon含有“后一个动作将在前一个动作之后随即或马上发生”之意，必须翻译出来，因此译文存在漏洞，容易被不法商人利用。 Revised: 余款应在货物货物到达目的港后即行支付。,67,Read the following sentence and its version. Can you find anything wrong/ improper?,Total value: US$5,400,000.00 (Say: US Doll

44、ars FIVE MILLION FOUR HUNDRED THOUSAND only) 总价：5，400，000.00美元 Note: 翻译必须忠实于原文，不能随意去掉大写部分，专业性和严密性必须要注意。 Revised: 总价: 5，400，000.00美元(大写：伍佰肆拾万美元）,68,The carriers responsibility for the cargo ceases immediately when the cargo leaves the ships tackle and thereafter all risks and expenses involved are th

45、e responsibility of the cargo. 当货物离开轮船挂钩时，运送者的责任立即终止，此后的一切风险和费用均和货物本身相关。 Note: 原文中三个“cargo”意思不尽相同，第三个cargo用来修饰responsibility,句子的主语是risks and expenses,根据上下文应该理解成“货主”。,Read the following sentence and its version. Can you find anything wrong/ improper?,69,The carriers responsibility for the cargo cease

46、s immediately when the cargo leaves the ships tackle and thereafter all risks and expenses involved are the responsibility of the cargo. 当货物离开轮船挂钩时，承运人的责任即行终止，此后一切风险和费用均由货主负责。,70,新公司应建立经营管理机构负责企业的日常管理工作。 The new company shall establish a management office which shall be responsible for its daily man

47、agement. Main problem: 行文拖拉、有失简约 Revised: The new company shall establish an office for its daily governance.,71,Translate the following,APPOINTMENT AS CONTRACT FULL-TIME SENIOR CUSTOMS ADMINISTRATOR AN AGREEMENT FOR SERVICES made the 1st day of September, 2006 between Company A of Beijing, China （a

48、ddress）（hereinafter referred to as “the Company”） as one part and Mr. Smith of London, the UK（address）（hereinafter referred to as the Contractor）of the other part. WHEREBY IT IS AGREED AND DECLARED AS FOLLOWS： 1. THAT the Company shall 2. This agreement shall commence on ,72,IN WITNESS WHEREOF, both

49、 parties set their hands on the date herein mentioned SIGNED BY (Name)： Designation ： For and on behalf of ：（signature） Contractor ： Designation ： For and on behalf of ：（signature）,73,APPOINTMENT AS CONTRACT FULL-TIME SENIOR CUSTOMS ADMINISTRATOR 签约全职高级关税管理员任命书,AN AGREEMENT FOR SERVICES made at the

50、1st day of September, 2006 between Company A of Beijing, China （address）（hereinafter referred to as “the Company”） as one part and Mr. Smith of London, the UK（address）（hereinafter referred to as the Contractor）of the other part. 甲方-中国北京A公司（以下称本公司）与乙方-来自英国伦敦的史密斯先生（以下称签约人）于2006年9月1日签署本服务协议。,74,WHEREBY

51、 IT IS AGREED AND DECLARED AS FOLLOWS： 1. THAT the Company shall 2. This agreement shall commence 双方达成协议并声明如下： 1.本公司将 2.本协议自起执行,75,IN WITNESS WHEREOF, both parties set their hands on the date herein mentioned SIGNED BY (Name)： Designation ： For and on behalf of ：（signature） Contractor ： Designation

52、： For and on behalf of ：（signature） 作为证明，双方于上述日期签字。 签署人名称： 职位： 代理人签名 签约人姓名： 职位：,76,77,请把下列短语翻译成汉语。 1. by virtue of 2. at the close of the fiscal year 3. prior to 4. as regards 5. in effect 6. commencement 7. miscellaneous 8. to construe a contract 9. to enter into a contract 10. ex contract,78,请把下列短

53、语翻译成汉语。,1. by virtue of 2. at the close of the fiscal year 3. prior to 4. as regards 5. in effect 6. commencement 7. miscellaneous 8. to construe a contract 9. to enter into a contract 10. ex contract,因为,_,财务年度末,_,在之前,_,关于,_,事实上,_,开始,_,其他事项,_,理解合同,_,签订合同,_,由于合同,_,79,Section 7, 翻译下列长句（） 1. After arri

54、val of the goods at the port of destination, the Buyer shall apply to China Commodity Inspection Bureau (hereinafter referred to as CCIB) for a further inspection as to the specifications and quantity/weight of the goods. 2. The Seller shall not be responsible for the delay of shipment or non-delive

55、ry of the goods due to Force Majeure, which might occur during the process of manufacturing or in the course of loading or transit.,80,3. Unless otherwise stipulated in the credit, the expression “Shipment” used in stipulating an earliest and/or a latest shipment date will be understood to include t

56、he expression “loading on board”, “dispatch” and “taking in charge”. 4. On the transfer date New Company shall transfer to B, free from any lien or encumbrance created by New Company and without the payment of any compensation, all its right, title to and interest in the infrastructure project, unle

57、ss otherwise specified in the Agreement or any supplementary agreement.,81,1. After arrival of the goods at the port of destination, the Buyer shall apply to China Commodity Inspection Bureau (hereinafter referred to as CCIB) for a further inspection as to the specifications and quantity/weight of t

58、he goods.,货到目的港后，买方将申请中国进出口商品检验局（以下简称商检局）对货物的规格和数量或重量进行检验。,82,The Seller shall not be responsible for the delay of shipment or non-delivery of the goods due to Force Majeure, which might occur during the process of manufacturing or in the course of loading or transit.,凡在制造或装船运输过程中，因不可抗力致使卖方不能或推迟交货时，卖方不负责任。,83,Unless otherwise stipulated in the credit, the expression “Shipment” used in stipulating an earliest and/or a latest shipm