中考英语专题教案--代词

1、专题代词一、人称代词1、人称代词的分类人称代词主要用来指人，它分主格和宾格两种形式。其各种形式如下表： 数 格 人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemsheheritit、人称代词的用法（1）人称代词的主格在句子中作主语。She works in that factory. 她在那家工厂工作。（2）几个人称代词同时作主语时，排列顺序一般是“ 你， 他（ 她），我”。You，she and I all enjoy music. 你、我和她都喜欢音乐。注意：在承认错误时则将 I 或 we 置于最前面。 are wrong

2、. 我和他都错了。（3）人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语。My mother likes her very much. 我妈妈非常喜欢她。Whats wrong with him? 他怎么了？（4）人称代词 it 通常指事物，也可指不知性别的人或婴儿。Wheres tea grown? 什么地方种植茶？Its grown in the southeast of China. 中国东南部种。The baby is crying. It might be hungry. 那个婴儿在哭，它有可能饿了。（5）it 还可以指时间、天气、距离等。 very cold today. 今天非常冷。Its ten

3、oclock now. 现在是 10点钟。二、物主代词1、物主代词的分类物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。其各种形式如下表： 数 人称 类别单数复数形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs2、物主代词的用法形容词性物主代词在句中只能与名词连用，作定语；名词性物主代词作名词用，它后面不能再跟名词，在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语或与 of 构成短语作定语。I like my pen. I dont like . 我喜欢我的钢笔，不喜欢她的。She told me a classmate of h

4、ers would go to Japan. 她告诉我，她的一位同学要去日本。This dictionary is Marys and that is mine. 这本词典是玛丽的，那本是我的。Gina is a friend of . 吉娜是我的一位朋友。三、反身代词1、反身代词是一种表示反身或强调的代词。它由第一人称、第二人称的形容词性物主代词和第三人称代词宾格，加上self 或selves 构成。 数 人称单数复数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himselfthemselvesherselfitself2、反身代词的用法反身代词

5、在句中可作宾语、表语或同位语等。（1）反身代词作宾语They teach English. 他们自学英语。Gina could not look after herself. 吉娜不能照顾自己。（2）反身代词作同位语在作同位语时，反身代词多可译为“ 本人” 或“ 本身”、“ 自己” 或“ 亲自”。She told the matter to Jim himself. 她把这事告诉了吉姆本人。Mary herself opened the door. 玛丽自己打开的门。（3）固定用法中的反身代词反身代词常跟在某些动词或介词后构成固定短语。enjoy oneself 玩得愉快 learn by o

6、neself 自学dress oneself 穿衣 help oneself to 随便吃些by oneself 独自 for oneself 亲自四、指示代词指示代词是用来指示或标识人或事物的代词。主要有表示近指的 this（单数），these（复数）和表示远指的 that （单数），those（复数）。它们在句中可以代替名词作主语、表语、宾语或代替形容词作定语。指示代词作主语时可指物也可指人，但作其他句子成分时只能指物，不能指人。除近指和远指之外，指示代词还有以下用法：1、this，these 的用法（）指下文将要叙述的事物。I want to know this: Is he healt

7、hy? 我想知道这一点：他是否健康？This is how we got to know each other. 以下就是我们认识的经过。（）在电话用语中用 this 指代自己。This is Kate. Whos that? 我是凯特，你是谁？This is Jim. 我是吉姆。（）介绍放在一起的两样东西时，先介绍的用 this 或 these。These are some oranges and those are some pears. 这些是橘子，那些是梨。This is my new car and that is my old bike. 这是我的新车，那是我的旧自行车。（）把某人

8、介绍给第三者时，常用“ This is ” ，this 不能换成 he / sheJim, this is my new English teacher, Mr. Black. 吉姆，这是我的新英语老师布莱克先生。This is my cousin. 这是我堂兄。、that ，those 的用法（）指上文提到过的事物。That is what I want to emphasis. 那就是我想强调的。Those are the books which may be useful to you. 那些是或许对你有用的书。（）在电话用语中，使用 that 指代对方。Hello! Is that M

9、rs Brown speaking? 你好！你是布朗夫人吗？This is Mary speaking. Who is that? 我是玛丽，您是哪位？（）用来询问敲门的人是谁。Whos that ? （Who is it?） 谁啊？五、疑问代词疑问代词有 who，whom，whose，what，which 等。其中who，whom，whose 指人，what，which 指事或物。它们引导的句子为特殊疑问句。1、who，whom，whose 的用法（）who 是主格，主要作主语、表语，口语中可代替 whom 作宾语。Who will go to the concert? 谁要去音乐会？Who

10、 is your new neighbor? 你的新邻居是谁？WhoWhom are you waiting for? 你在等谁？（）whom 是宾格，只作宾语，作动词宾语或介词宾语，不直接跟在介词后面时可以用 who 替换。With whom are you going to make a trip? 你要和谁一起去旅行？Whom Who do you think he will choose? 你认为他会选谁？（）whose，用来询问某物的所属，作主语、表语或定语等。It is hard to decide whose is better. 很难判断谁的更好。This is my bag.

11、 Whose is that? 这是我的包。那是谁的？Whose skirt is this? （Whose is this skirt?） 这是谁的裙子？、what 和 which 的用法（）what 主要指事物，也可指某人的职业，用于对未知事物的提问。可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等等。What is the matter with you? 你怎么了？What did you come here for? 你为什么来这里？What time is it now? 现在几点了？ is your uncle? 你叔叔是干什么的？（）which 用于必须作出某种选择的提问，其后可跟 of 短语。可

12、作主语、宾语、定语等。Which do you prefer, tea of coffee? 茶和咖啡你喜欢哪个？Which color do you like best? 你最喜欢哪种颜色？Which of the animals do you like best? 这些动物你最喜欢哪个？六、关系代词关系代词有 who，whom，whose，which 和 that，主要用来引导定语从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用。1、who 的用法关系代词 who 指人，在定语从句中作主语、宾语等。Do you know the girl who is standing there? 你认识那边站着

13、的那个女孩吗？The teacher who / whom you want to see has come. 你要见的那位老师已经来了。2、whom 的用法关系代词 whom 指人，在定语从句中作宾语，有时可以用who 代替。The woman to whom you were talking just now is Marys mother.刚才和你说话的那个女人是玛丽的母亲。The person you met in the garden is the manager. 你在花园里碰见的那个人是经理。3、whose 的用法关系代词 whose 可指人或物，在定语从句中作定语。That i

14、s the man whose car was stolen last night. 那就是那个昨晚车被盗的人。I want to buy the book cover is yellow. 我想买那本黄色封面的书。、which 的用法which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。Here is the coat which will be made for you. 这是那件给你做的大衣。The dictionary which he bought yesterday cost him 68 yuan. 他昨天买的那本词典花了68元。、that 的用法that 多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中

15、作主语或宾语。Ive eaten the bread he gave to me. 我已经吃了他给我的面包。Who is the man that is giving the speech? 正在演讲的那个人是谁？七、相互代词相互代词是表示相互关系的代词。在现代英语中，each other 和 one another 在用法上没有什么区别。一般认为 each other多用于非正式文体，而 one another 则多用于正式文体。相互代词在句中一般用作宾语。Dont talk to each other (one another) . 不要互相说话。We must help one anot

16、her. 我们必须互相帮助。八、不定代词不明确指代某个人、某个事物、 某些人、 某些事物的代词叫做不定代词。大多数不定代词既可用作名词，又可用作形容词。从形态上看，不定代词可以分为个体不定代词和复合不定代词。、个体不定代词的用法（）oneone 可指人或物，指代单数可数名词，表示泛指意义；复数用ones；所有格用 onesOne has to do ones best. 每人都必须尽力而为。I dont have a pen. Can you lend me one? 我没带钢笔，你能借给我一支吗？I like small cars better than large ones. M 比起大轿

17、车，我更喜欢小轿车。（）none 和 no onenone 既可指人也可指物，表示三者或三者以上的全部否定，后可接 of 短语。作主语时，谓语动词用单数或复数均可。它通常强调数量，常用来回答由 how many much 引起的问句；no one相当于 nobody，只指人不指物，后不可接 of 短语，常用来回答 who的提问。例如：None of them can speak Spanish. 他们没有一个人会说西班牙语。None of the books on the desk are /is of any use for our study.桌子上的这些书没有一本对我们的学习有用。How

18、 many books are there in the bag? 书包里有多少书？None. 一本也没有。I found no one /nobody in the house. 我在房子里没有发现人。Who is in the room? 房间里有谁？No one /Nobody. 没有人。（）either 和 neithereither 指两者中“ 任何一个” ，表示选择意义； neither 指两者“ 都不” ，表示否定意义。If you can keep still, you can sit at either end of the boat.如果你能保持不动，你可以坐在船的任意一头

19、。 of his two sons is a doctor. 他的两个儿子没有一个是医生。（）both 和 allboth 指两者“ 都” ；all 指三者或三者以上“ 都” 。My parents are both teachers. 我的父母都是教师。 of my friends are football fans. 我所有的朋友都是足球迷。（）each 和 everyeach 既可用作形容词，又可用作代词，强调个体；every 只能作形容词，强调全体。each 指两个或两个以上的人或事物中的“ 每个” ；every 指许多人或事物的“ 全体”，与 all 意思相近。Each studen

20、t has his own dictionary. 每一个学生都有自己的词典。Each did his share. 各人都做了自己的一份工作。Mr. Miller searched every room in the house. 米勒先生搜查了这栋房子里的所有房间。There are many shops on each side of the street. 街道的每一边都有很多商店。（）other，the other，others，the others，anotherother 可单独使用但必须与 the 连用，表示“ 两者部分中的另一个部分”，也可修饰名词；others 相当于“ot

21、her 复数名词”，表示“ 另外的一些”（并非全部），单独使用；the others 相当于“ the other 复数名词”，单独使用，特指另外的全部人或物；another 可单独使用，泛指三者或三者以上的“ 另一个”，也可修饰单数可数名词，还可后接超过一的基数词加复数名词。He raised one arm and then the other. 他举起一只手臂，然后又举起另一只。The bookshop is on side of the street. 书店在街道的另一边。There are other ways to do this exercise. 做这个练习还可用别的方法。So

22、me are planting trees,others are watering them. 一些人正在种树，一些人正在浇水。There are fortysix students in our class.Two of them are foreigners, the others are all Chinese.我们班共有 46个学生，其中两个是外国人，其他的都是中国人。This pen is too expensive.Please show me another. 这支钢笔太贵了，请另拿一支给我。Will you have another cup of tea? 你要再喝一杯茶吗？T

23、o finish the work, I need another 15 minutes. 要完成这项工作，我还得需要 15 分钟。（）much，manymuch 和 many 具有名词和形容词的性质，都表示“ 许多”、“大量”。much 只能指代或修饰不可数名词，many 只能指代或修饰复数可数名词。We have much homework to do every day. 我们每天都有很多作业要做。Many boys like playing soccer. 许多男孩子喜欢踢足球。（）few，a few，little，a littlea few 和 a little 意为“ 少数、少量”

24、，其意义是肯定的，few 和little 意为“ 几乎没有”，具有否定意义。a few/few 指代或修饰复数形式的可数名词，a little / little 指代或修饰不可数名词。He has a few friends here. 他在这儿有一些朋友。It was freezing cold outside. There were few people in the streets. 天气非常冷，街上几乎没有人。He has a little money but not enough to buy that dictionary. 他有点钱但不够买那本词典的。Hurry up! Ther

25、e is little time left. 快点！没多少时间了。2、复合不定代词的用法复合不定代词相当于名词，在句中可以作主语、宾语和表语，而不能作定语。（）some类不定代词someone，somebody，something 一般用于肯定句；也可用在问句中，表示希望得到对方肯定的回答。Someone left this note for you. 有人给你留了个便条。I have something to ask you. 我有事情要问你。Are you expecting someone this afternoon? 今天下午你是不是在等什么人？（）any类不定代词anyone/an

26、ybody，anything 一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中，也可用于肯定句中表示“ 任何人或事物”。If anyone calls, tell him Ill be back at about three oclock. 如果有人来电话，就说我三点左右回来。Dont be dependent on anyone for anything. 什么事情都不要依赖别人。A nyone must not leave before the bell rings. 铃响之前任何人不准离开。（）nothingnothing 在句子中表示否定意义。There is nothing wrong with t

27、he machine. 这台机器没毛病。He knew nothing about his new job. 他对他的新工作一点也不了解。【易混易错清单】1、one，that，itone 表示泛指，that 和 it 表示特指。that 与所指名词为同类，但不是同一个，而 it 与所指名词为同一个。 如：I cant find my mobile phone. I think I must buy one. 我找不到我的手机了。我想我该去买一个。（不定）The MP5 you bought is bigger than that I bought. 你买的那个 MP5 比我买的大。（同类但不同

28、个）I cant find my key. I dont know where I put it.我找不到我的钥匙。我不知道我把它放在哪了。（同一物）2、few，a few，little，a little表示肯定表示否定代替复数名词a few 有一些few 几乎没有代替不可数名词a little 有一点little 几乎没有如：He has a few friends here. 他在这儿有一些朋友。It was freezing cold outside. There were few people in the streets. 天气非常冷，街上几乎没有人。He has a little

29、money but not enough to buy that dictionary. 他有点钱但不够买那本词典的。Hurry up! There is little time left. 快点！没多少时间了。3、both，all，either，any，neither，none都任何都不两者botheitherneither三者（ 以上）allanynone 如：Both of them are my good friends. 他们俩都是我的好朋友。She bought two toys, but neither can please the child. 她买了两个玩具，却没有一个能让小

30、孩高兴。Do you like the two books? 你喜欢这两本书吗？No,I dont like either. 不，哪一本我都不喜欢。4、other，the other，others，the others，another不定代词词意用法other其他的只用作定语，修饰单、复数名词。the other两个当中的另一个常与one 连用，构成“ onethe other ”。作定语修饰复数名词时，表示“ 其余的全部”。others泛指别的人或物other 的复数形式，表示除去一部分以后的另一些，但不是剩下的全体，有列举未能尽的意味。常构成 someothers结构。the others

31、特指其余所有的人或物the other 的复数形式，它指一定范围内除去一部分以后，特指剩下的全部的人或物。another另一个（任意的）泛指三个以上的不定数目中的“另一个”，后面可接单数名词，也可省略后面的名词，用作代词。如：The bookshop is on the other side of the street. 书店在街道的另一边。There are other ways to do this exercise. 做这个练习还可用别的方法。Some are planting trees, others are watering them. 一些人正在种树，一些人正在浇水。There

32、are fortysix students in our class. Two of them are foreigners, the others are all Chinese.我们班共有46个学生，其中两个是外国人，其他的都是中国人。This pen is too expensive.Please show me another. 这支钢笔太贵了，请另拿一支给我。解题时，先理解句意，找到句中的关键信息，再根据代词的区别进行判断。具体做法是：1、明确指代。在解答代词题目时，我们应首先分析前后文，明确代词所指代的对象，从而避免误判。具体说来，可从这几个方面考虑：（）代词指代的是人还是物。（）

33、代词指代的是可数名词还是不可数名词。（）代词指代的是特指还是泛指概念。（）代词指代的概念是表示两者之间还是三者或三者以上。（）代词所表示的是肯定还是否定概念。【例1】Is this _new book, Shirley?No,it isnt. Maybe its _.A .your; his B. your; himC. yours; his D. yours; him【解析】考查物主代词的用法。 形容词性物主代词后须接名词，名词性物主代词后不需接名词。第一道横线的后面有名词 book，所以用形容词性物主代词；第二道横线的后面没有名词，所以用名词性物主代词。故选 A。【答案】 A【例2】Jer

34、ry and Scott are from the United States, but _ of them are interested in Beijing Opera.A.all B. bothC. neither D. either【解析】考查不定代词。all “（三者或三者以上）全都”；both“（两者）都”；neither “（两者 一个也不”；either “（两者）任一”。句意：杰里和斯科特来自美国，但是他们两人都对京剧很感兴趣。所以答案选 B。【答案】 B【例3】I dont have white shoes for tomorrows speech contest.My b

35、rother has_ pair. Would you like to try_on?A. a; it B. one; itC. one; them D. two; them【解析】本题考查冠词和代词的用法。在本题中回答者说“我哥哥有一双”可知选“one 或 a”，同时对鞋子进行试穿，只能用“ them”。故选 C。【答案】 C2、理清逻辑。有些中考英语代词试题需要通过分析题干中所蕴涵的逻辑关系才能选出正确答案。具体说来可从两方面考虑：一是代词所表示的范围。二是代词表示的是全部否定还是部分否定。如：【例】I asked two people the way to the station, bu

36、t _of them could help me.A. both B. neitherC. either D. all【解析】考查代词用法。根据句意“我问了两个人去车站的路，但是没有一个能帮助我。” neither “两者都不”故选 B。【答案】 B3、吃透语境。有些中考试题考查的是代词在具体语境中的灵活运用，这样的题目须分析具体的语境才能选出正确答案，切忌死抠语法。如：【例】It cant be Lucys bike.Look! _ is under the tree.A. She B. HerC. Hers D. Shes【解析】如果单凭上句的 Lucy，很容易错选 A。认为露西在树下面。

37、仔细分析句子语境得知上句说的是露西的自行车。前面提到 bike 一词，后句为了避免重复，用名词性物主代词，因此要用 C。中考真题演练1、Hi, guys. How was your party yesterday?Wonderful! We had a big meal and enjoyed_.A. themselves B. myselfC. yourselves D. ourselves2、Your tea smells great!Its from India.Would you like _?A. it B. thisC. some D. little3、Have you got a

38、ny books on English grammar? I want to borrow_.Yes, here you are. But you must return it by Friday.A. one B. itC. some D. that4、I hear that kindergarten（幼儿园）is searching for a man teacher, especially _ with creation and imagination.A. this B. thatC. one D. those5、I have a lovely doll. You can also b

39、uy_in a toy shop.A. it B. oneC. another D. that6、Wow!Youve got so many clothes.But _of them are in fashion now.A. all B. bothC. neither D. none7、Have you got anything to do afternoon, Lucy and Lily?Yes. _of us are going to the home for the elderly.A. Each B. EitherC. Both D. All8、This is not my Walk

40、man. Its _. Mine is over there.A. our B. hersC. your D. my9、After Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize,more people began to read _ books.A. he B. himC. his D. himself10、Jack, is there_ in todays newspaper?No,nothing.A. anything important B. something importantC. important anything D. important something11、Cou

41、ld we see each other at 9 oclock tomorrow morning?Sorry, lets make it _ time.A. others B. the otherC. another D. other12、Helen and Mary are good friends. _ often help each other.A. Them B. TheirsC. They D. Their全国中考真题演练1、I cant find my pen. Could you help _ find it?A. me B. herC. him D. them2、This m

42、orning Diana invited _ to _birthday party.A. I; her B. I; hersC. me; her D. me; hers3、My parents showed _some old pictures that brought back sweet memories.A. I B. meC. my D. mine4、He thinks himself somebody, but we think him_.A. nobody B. anybodyC. somebody D. everybody5、Which of the two subjects d

43、o you like, Art or Music?_ . They are really interesting.A. Neither B. BothC. None D. All6、Mike, is that new bike_?Yes. My mother bought it for me yesterday.A. you B. yourC. yours D. yourself7、What kind of house would you like?Id like _with a garden in front of _.A. It; one B. one; oneC. one; it D.

44、it; it8、Is this _ football, boys?No,it is not _ .A. yours; ours B. your; ourC. yours; our D. your; ours9、Jim,please help _to some bread.Thank you.A. himself B. yourselfC. herself D. myself10、Who helped you clean the classroom yesterday?_. I did it all by myself.A. Someone B. AnyoneC. Nobody D. Every

45、body11、The little girl could look after _,though she was only five years old.A. she B. herC. hers D. herself12、Jack, who helped _make the model ship?Nobody! I made it all by_.A. your; my B. your; mineC. you; myself D. you; mine13、Im talking to you, Jack. Please listen to_carefully.A. me B. mineC. yo

46、u D. yoursA 组中考模拟基础训练题组1、Which of the two books are you going to buy?Ill buy _of them, so I can give one to my friend Helen.A. all B. bothC. neither D. either2、What else do you want?_else. I think I have got all the things ready.A. Something B. EverythingC. Nothing D. Anything3、Mr. Chen is good at d

47、ancing. Who taught him?No one. He learnt it by _ .A. he B. hisC. himself D. herself4、Which would you like, tea or coffee?_is OK. I really dont mind.A. Both B. EitherC. None D. Neither5、This isnt my dictionary. I left _ at home.A. my B. mineC. I D. me6、If your friend said _about you,you could keep silent.A. something bad B. bad somethingC. good something D. something good7、She has written a lot of books,but _are good ones.A. any B. someC. few D. many8、I havent got a digital camera.I think you should buy_ . Its useful for you.A.