高等学校英语A级考试翻译专题

1、艺术系大学英语A级考试翻译专题讲座,华南师范大学增城学院外语系 主讲教师：江文静,Business English Translation,Learning objective: Understand what is literal translation. Understand what is free translation. How to apply practical skills to business english translation.,Business English Translation,What is translation? Translation is about

2、 communication process of information and emotion through cross- language and cross -culture. Translation process : Translation has four important elements that we should pay attention. It includes language transfer, information transfer, understanding transfer, and culture transfer. What is literal

3、 translation? Literal translation means ： -“ not to alter the original words and sentences.” -“To keep the sentiments and styles of the original.”,Business English Translation,For examples: 1 Crocodiles tears 鳄鱼的眼泪 2 Armed to the teeth 武装到牙齿 3 Chain reaction 连锁反应 4 Gentlemens agreement 君子协定 5 Paper

4、Tiger 纸老虎 6 One country, two systems 一国两制,Solutions suitable for literal translation,A: total equivalents 1. to keep the room clean and tidy保持房间清洁 2. to enrich cultural life 丰富文化生活 3. under such circumstances 在这种情况下 4. to fish in troubled water 浑水摸鱼 5. to add fuel to the fire火上加油 6. to break the rec

5、ord打破记录 7. a gentlemans agreement君子协定 8. Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水 9 Revolution emancipates productive forces, so does reform. 革命是解放生产力，改革也是解放生产力。,Solutions suitable for literal translation,B:Though the expressions in two languages are different, we can find the equivalents in the tone of th

6、e both languages. 1Partly as a result of the recently increasing demand, wholesale tea prices have almost doubled. 部分由于日益增长的需求，批发茶价格几乎翻了一番 2. I read this letter with both surprise and excitement, surprise because he is still around, excitement because he didnt even forget me. 我读到他的信时即惊又喜，惊的是他还健在，喜的是

7、他一直没有忘记我,Business English Translation,What is free translation? Free translation is an alternative approach which is used mainly to convey the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to reproduce its sentence patterns or figures of speech. This approach is most frequently adopted when it i

8、s really impossible for the translator to do literal translation.,Business English Translation,For examples: 1) Adams apple 喉结 2) at sixes and sevens 乱七八糟 3) It rains cats and dogs (elephants and whales). 大雨滂沱 4) Dont cross the bridge till you get to it. 不必担心过早 5) Do you see any green in my eye? 你以为

9、我是幼稚可欺的吗？ 6) a nuclear family 小家庭 7) It was an old and ragged moon. 这是一弯下炫残月 8) Last night I heard him driving his pigs to market. 昨夜我听到他鼾声如雷 9) He is being a good boy now. 他现在正乖着呢。 10) They ran away as fast as their legs could carry them. 他们拼命奔逃，连吃奶的力气都用上了。,Business English Translation,11) Justice

10、has long arms. 天网恢恢，疏而不漏。 12) Their language was almost unrestrained by any motive of prudence. 他们几乎爱讲什么就讲什么，都没有顾及到谨慎不谨慎的问题。 13) The talk about raising taxes was a red flag to many voters.关于增税的谈论激怒了许多选民。 14) Will a duck swim? 当然了，那还用说吗？ 15) And the shell burst into a million new copies. 炮弹炸成了无数碎片。 1

11、6) She knew I knew and she knew if she got funny Id either ruin the romance or make her marry him, so she was very friendly. 她知道我知道她和他的事，她也明白她要是跟我过不去，破坏或成全他们全在我的一念之间。所以 她对我很客气。,Business English Translation,Principles of translation: Faithfulness, expressiveness, elegant propsed in 1898（信达雅） - 严复 Acc

12、urate, smooth, quick （准顺快） -方凡泉 Faithful, fluent, quick （忠实通顺及时） - 仲伟合,Business English Translation,Most three skills that we should master during translation: 1 Key words 关键词 2 Sentence grammar 句子语法 3 Sentence environment 句子语境 4 Paragraph fluency 段落流畅性,Translation Exercises,Exercise one: New ideas

13、are an old tradition at Siemens. The company that grew out of the original Siemens the term has no implications of high development. Therefore, Learning a language is a kind of learning the culture and the habit of the country where the language is spoken.,Culture and Translation,文化的大致分类 根据美国翻译理论家尤金

14、奈达的分类，文化大致可分为五类： 1) Ecology 生态学 2) Material Culture 物质文化 3) Social Culture 社会文化 4) Religious Culture 宗教文化 5) Linguistic Culture 语言文化,Culture and Translation,8. 2. 2 中英文化差异各种表现形式 1) 习语方面的差异： a) 惊弓之鸟 / 谈虎色变 ：A burnt child dreads fire.b) 意外之财 / 一笔横财 ：a financial windfall c) 急风知劲草 ：A friend in need is a

15、 friend indeed. d) 千里鹅毛 ：A gift is cheap, but love is dear. e) 钱能通神 ：A golden hammer breaks an iron door.f) 小不忍则乱大谋 ：A handful of patience is worth more than a bushel of brains. g) 星星之火可以燎原 ：A little leak will sink a great ship. h) 量小非君子 ：A little pot will soon be hot. i) 虎父虎子 ：A wise goose never la

16、id a tame egg. j) 上行下效 ：As the old cock crows, the young one learns.,Culture and Translation,2) 谚语方面的差异：a) 小洞不补,大洞吃苦 ：A stitch in time saves nine. b) 新官上任三把火 ：A new broom sweeps clean. c) 一瓶不响,半瓶响叮当 ：An empty wagon makes the most noise.d) 冰冻三尺非一日之寒 : An oak is not felled at one stroke. / Rome was no

17、t built in a day.e) 肉包子打狗一去不回头 : A dog given a bone who doesnt come back for more.f) 脱裤子放屁多此一举 : To carry coals to Newcastle.g) 天下没有不散的筵席 ：All good things come to an end.h) 莫道身躯小，伟人寓其间 ：A little body often harbors a great soul. i) Business is the salt of life. ：事业是人生的第一需要。,Culture and Translation,3)

18、 修辞方面的差异： a) 过着牛马不如的生活 ：to lead a dogs life b) 瘦得像猴 ：as thin as a shadow c) 穷得像乞丐 ：as poor as a church mouse d) 水底捞月 ：fishing in the air e) 四处碰壁 ：be driven from pillar to post f) 忧虑伤身 ：Care killed a cat. g) 对牛弹琴 ：teach a pig to play on a flute,Culture and Translation,4) 句型表现形式方面的差异： a) The Chinese p

19、eople have already made substantial efforts to protect the giant panda, which is considered to be a national treasure. Nevertheless we are at a critical time for this species. Without immediate and effective protection and management of the giant panda and its remaining habitat this will become an i

20、ncreasingly rare sighta loss both for China and the whole world. 为了保护视为国宝的大熊猫，中国人民已做出巨大的努力，目前，这一物种在生死存亡的关键时刻。如果不对大熊猫及其仅存的栖息地进行及时而有效的保护和管理，这样的景观势必越来越罕见这对中国和整个世界都无疑是一大损失。（英语主句在前从句在后，而汉语是从句在前主句在后）,Cultrue and Translation,b) Seeing all this, seeing the pig in the cabbages, the tangle of grass in the gar

21、den, the broken fence which she had mended again and againthe little woman, hardly more than a girl, sat down and cried. 猪闯到菜地里去了，花园里杂草丛生，她修了又修的篱笆又给弄坏了看到这一切，这个比少女大不了多少的小妇人一坐下便啼哭起来。（英语句子里的seeing all this是先总后细说的格式，汉译文采用先分后总的叙说方法，适应于汉语的表意安排。）,Culture and Translation,文化与翻译 影响译文的质量除了语言因素外，还有文化因素。从社会语言学（s

22、ocio-linguistics）的观点来看，语言是不能脱离文化的。语际交流实际上也是不同文化之间的交流。文化不同是不可避免的现实，这也是造成有些低劣译文叫人看不懂的原因之一。因此，译者在翻译时应充分考虑到跨文化的转换问题。,Culture and Translation,同一客观事物，在不同的文化里可以包含不同的价值，引起不同的联想，具有不同的内涵。不少语言都有许多以动物为内容或作比喻的习语，但同一动物在不同语言中的含义是互不相同的。英语民族有爱狗的传统，中国人却崇敬龙。中英民族对于这两种心理反应是不完全相同的，这表现在大量的熟语中，这就要求翻译时必须进行适当的转换。如： a) 望子成龙 l

23、ong to see ones son succeed in life ；/ long to see ones son become a dragon (i.e. win success in the world)，这是北京外语学院编的汉英成语词典给的两条英译：一条意译，一条直译，但在直译之后仍加了意译或解释，这一增加是必不可少的，因为“龙”给英美人的印象是可怕的，根据他们所熟悉的圣经，“龙”是罪恶的象征，而在中国人心目中“龙”则是神圣、帝王等的象征。,Culture and Translation,Translation Exercises 1. Because of bad governm

24、ent, the company was in the red. 由于腐败的政府，公司正处于财政赤字状态。 2. True to type he told the parents the whole story. 基于尊重事实，他告诉了父母整个故事。 3. It was an old and ragged moon. 这是一轮残月当空。 4.A good teacher should have his head in the clouds sometimes, but his feet always on the ground. 一位优秀的教师应该在千变万化的条件下有主见，但是他必须脚踏实地。

25、 5 The harvesters worked into the evening, and then came in and ate like horses. 成功者必定日理万机，吃饭狼吞虎咽。,Culture and Translation,11. 有事只管来找我。 Please ask for me if you need any help. 12. 请喝红葡萄酒。 Please drink red grape wine. 13. 买一送一 Buy one get one free. 14. 开业大吉！ Good luck with opening up business.,Cultur

26、e and Translation,The first snow came. How beautiful it was, falling so silently all day long, all night long, on the mountains, on the meadows, on the roofs of the living, on the graves of the dead! All white save the river, that marked its course by a winding black line across the landscape; and t

27、he leafless trees, that against the leaden sky now revealed more fully the wonderful beauty and intricacies of their branches. What silence, too, came with the snow, and what seclusion! Every sound was muffled, every noise changed to something soft and musical. No more tramping hoofs, no more rattli

28、ng wheels! Only the chiming of sleigh-bells, beating as swift and merrily as the hearts of children.,Summary,Flexibility of Translation : There are so many differences including culture and grammar between Chinese and English Language, so we should deal with translation in a flexible way. Core skill

29、s for translation: The most three elements that are very important for improving skills in business english translation: how to deal with vocabulary usage, how to deal with sentence grammar and how to deal with international culture. Devide literal translation and free translation: If we can use lit

30、eral translation then use it, but if we can not translate original sentences through literal translation, we can use free translation method. Thank you and any Questions?,怎样才能译出地道的英语,汉译英最切忌译成中国式英语。怎样才能译出地道的英语，这是一个比较复杂的问题。 我们应该从语法，惯用法，英语遣词造句的特点等三个方面来探讨这个问题。但最根本的出路还是打牢语言功底，阅读大量英美人的原著，并善于观察，积累，模仿。,怎样才能

31、译出地道的英语,英语以谓语动词为核心，共有三种核心结构（六种基本句型）英语千变万化的句式都是从这三种轴心结构演变出来的。 1 主系表结构 表语可以是由名词，代词，形容词，副词，动词不定式，分词短语，介词短语，名词性从句担任。 How long has man been on earth? Milk turns sour.,怎样才能译出地道的英语,2 “There be” 结构 该结构表示客观存在的“有”这样的概念。在此结构中动词除”be “ 之外，还可以由seem(appear)to be, seem, appear, stand, lie, get, become, arise, come 等词担任。 There is something the matter with the computer. In theory there seems to be no p