语法专项突破系列-非谓语动词--望谟民中李雪玉 .ppt

1、语法专项突破系列 非谓语动词,考点1 非谓语动词作状语 1. 不定式作状语,I was satisfied to hear the news. (原因状语) To meet the movie star I got up very early. (目的状语) I rushed to school only to find nobody was there. (结果状语),不定式表结果的固定结构: only/just to. . . ; too. . . to. . . ; so/such as to. . . ; . . . enough(for sb. )to. . .,2. 分词作状语,N

2、ot knowing what to do, I had to wait here. Given more attention, the children could have grown better. Absorbed in reading, we all didnt hear the sound. Having driven all day, we were rather tired.,把握分词与句子逻辑主语之间的关系, 区别现在分词与过去分词; 不定式作结果状语为主观上意想不到的结果, 现在分词作结果状语为客观上、顺其自然而产生的结果; 准确理解形容词化的过去分词作状语的用法; 现在分

3、词的完成式having done或者完成被动式having been done, 都是表示分词的动作和句子主语之间是主动关系, 同时分词动作先于句子谓语动词主动或者被动发生。,3. 有些分词或不定式短语作状语, 其形式的选择不受上下文的影响。常见的有: generally speaking 一般来说 frankly speaking 坦白地说 judging from/by. . . 根据来判断 considering. . . /taking. . . into consideration 考虑到 to tell you the truth 说实话,seeing. . . 鉴于/由于 sup

4、posing 假设, 如果 assuming 假使 given 考虑到, 鉴于 provided(that. . . ) 如果,4. 独立主格结构 独立主格结构的特点: 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同, 它独立存在; 独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主动或被动关系; 独立主格结构一般有逗号与句子分开。独立主格结构的构成:,名词/代词+现在分词/过去分词; 名词/代词+形容词; 名词/代词+副词; 名词/代词+不定式; 名词/代词+介词短语; with/without+名词/代词+宾语补足语。,The test finished

5、(=When the test was finished), we began our holiday. 考试结束了, 我们开始放假。 The president assassinated(=After the president was assassinated), the whole country was in deep sorrow. 总统被刺杀了, 全国上下沉浸在深深的悲痛之中。 Weather permitting(=If weather permits), we are going to visit you tomorrow. 如果天气允许, 我们明天去看你。,用所给词的适当形式

6、填空 Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only(find)it didnt fit. 根据句中的Anxiously, she took the dress out of. . . (她迫不及待地从拿出裙子)和it didnt fit(它不合身)可知是出现了意料之外的结果, 故用only to do。only to do/only to be done表示意料之外的结果。 句意: 她迫不及待地从包裹里拿出裙子, 试穿了一下, 结果发现它不合身。故填to find。,【高考集训】 用所给词的适当形式

7、填空 1. _(spend)the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age. 2. _(free)ourselves from the physical and mental tensions, we each need deep thought and inner quietness. 3. Clearly and thoughtfully _ (write), the book inspires confidence in students

8、who wish to seek their own answers.,Having spent,To free,written,4.I hope to take the computer course. Good idea. _(find)out more about it, visit this website. 5. Group activities will be organized after class _ (help)children develop team spirit. 6. Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _(find)his p

9、lane high up in the sky.,To find,to help,to find,考点2 非谓语动词作定语,The boy(sitting by the window)is Tom. The matter(being discussed now)is of great importance. The boy(named Tom)was hurt in the car accident. Everything(to be done)is well-prepared.,准确判定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系; 准确判定非谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间, 即是正在进行

10、或已经完成还是将要发生。,【典题印证】用所给词的适当形式填空 (2014山东高考)Theres a note pinned to the door(say)when the shop will open again. 解题关键: 首先分析句子结构可知There be句型中有谓语动词is, 然后根据语意可知要用非谓语动词作后置定语修饰note。从逻辑关系上看, note与say之间是主动关系, 用现在分词结构作后置定语。另外, 题干中的过去分词短语pinned to the door也作note的后置定语。 答案判定: 句意: 门上钉着一个便条, 上面写着这家商店何时将再开张。所以填saying

11、。,【高考集训】 用所给词的适当形式填空 1. There are still many problems _(solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. 2. Today there are more airplanes _ (carry)more people than ever before in the skies.,to be solved,carrying,3. Annie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse _ (

12、appoint)to guard her. 4. Last night, there were millions of people _ (watch)the opening ceremony live on TV. 5. The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras _ (return)to our shop for quality problems.,appointed,watching,returned,6. Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, t

13、here was a pile of mail _ (wait)for her. 7. In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words _ (use)in daily conversations. 8. The witnesses _ (question)by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.,waiting,used,questioned,考点3 非谓语动词作补语 1. “五看二听一感觉”的感官动词(see, watch, obse

14、rve, notice, look at, hear, listen to, feel)等后面的宾语补足语常见的有三种非谓语动词形式(do/doing/done)。do表主动和完成(被动句中to还原), doing表主动或正在进行, done表被动或完成。 The missing boy was last seen playing near the river. 2. 热点动词let, make, have, get, leave, keep, find后接非谓语动词形式作补足语。 Paul doesnt have to be made to learn. He always works ha

15、rd.,3. 固定短语, 如advise/allow/encourage/request/warn sb. to do sth. 等。 The patient was warned not to eat oily food.,4. with复合结构常用形式:,John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work finished, he gladly accepted it. With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly elected president is havin

16、g a hard time. With the little boy leading the way, we had no difficulty finding the village.,注意作补足语的三种非谓语动词形式to do, doing, done之间的区别, 把握动作是主动、被动还是进行。 具体分析作宾语补足语的动词与逻辑主语即句子宾语之间的逻辑关系, 再结合动作发生的时间(未发生、正在发生或已经发生)来选择合适的形式。,【典题印证】用所给词的适当形式填空 (2014江西高考)He is thought(act)foolishly. Now he has no one but him

17、self to blame for losing the job. 解题关键: be thought后应该接不定式, act发生在think之前, 故应该用不定式的完成式作主语补足语。 答案判定: 句意: 他被认为举止愚蠢。现在失去这份工作只能怨他自己, 不能怨别人。所以填to have acted。,【高考集训】 用所给词的适当形式填空 1.The manager was satisfied to see many new products _ (develop)after great effort. 2. Let those in need _ (understand)that we wi

18、ll go all out to help them.,developed,understand,3. When we saw the road _ (block)with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home. 4. The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog _ (follow)them.,blocked,following,考点4 非谓语动词作宾语 非谓语动词中能作宾语的有动名词和不定式: 1. 只能跟动名词作宾语的动词和短语

19、: suggest, imagine, mind, admit, practice, allow, advise, risk, keep, keep on, avoid, escape, enjoy, consider, excuse, finish, miss, insist on, look forward to, feel like, get down to, object to等。 I admit breaking the window.,2. 只能跟不定式作宾语的动词: wish, hope, decide, refuse, promise, pretend, manage, mea

20、n, plan, fail, choose, would like等。 If I fail to appear by 7 oclock, I will not be coming at all.,3. 既可用动名词作宾语、又可跟不定式作宾语的动词和短语: remember, forget, regret, stop, go on, need, start, begin, try等。,Remember to turn off the lights before you go to bed. I remember reading about the earthquake in the newspa

21、per. 4. it作形式宾语, 代替真正作宾语的动词不定式或动名词。 I think it important to learn English well.,【典题印证】用所给词的适当形式填空 (2014陕西高考)Its quite hot today. Do you feel like(go)for a swim? 解题关键: feel like意为“想要”, 后面接名词、代词或动名词。feel like doing sth. 表示“想要做某事”。 答案判定: 句意: 今天很热。你想去游泳吗? 故填going。,【高考集训】 用所给词的适当形式填空 1. One morning, I wa

22、s waiting at the bus stop, worried about _ (be)late for school. 2.The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without _(recognize). 3. Keep _ (hold)your position for a while. It helps develop your strength and flexibility.,being,being recognized,holding,4.When it comes to _ (speak)

23、in public, no one can match him. 5. Young people may risk _ (go)deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day. 6. Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and _(reduce)to ruins, the city took on a new look. 7. I remembered _(lock)the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn

24、 off the lights.,speaking,going,being reduced,to lock,考点5 非谓语动词作主语、表语或其他 1. 非谓语动词中能作主语的有动名词和不定式。 (1)动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动作, 不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作。 (2)it作形式主语, 代替真正作主语的动词不定式或动名词。常见句型有: It is/was no use/good + doing sth. ; It is/was not any use/good + doing sth. ; It is/was of little use/good + doing

25、 sth. ; It is/was useless doing; Its a waste of time of doing sth. 等。,2. 非谓语动词中能作表语的有现在分词、过去分词、动名词和不定式。注意现在分词作表语意为“令人感到的”, 而过去分词作表语意为“本身感到的”。 The news was exciting and we were excited the whole night. 3. 固定句式do/have/其他动词+sth. +but(to)do sth. 中的不定式用法, 此结构要遵循前有实义动词do, but后则无to, 反之则有to的原则。 He did nothing but save the child without hesitation.,【典题印证】用所给词的适当形式填空 (2014福建高考)For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying(connect). 解题关键