人教新版必修四M4U4 Grammar.ppt

1、人教课标 必修4 Unit 4,Unit 4 Body language,Grammar,一、V-ing 形式由 “doing” 构成, 其否定形式是 “not doing”, V-ing可以带宾语或状语构成V-ing短语, 没有人称和数的变化, 但有时态和语态的变化。,V-ing 形式,V-ing形式在句中作定语和状语是本单元的学习重点。,1. 作定语 V-ing形式可以单独充当名词的前置修饰语, 这时有两种情况。 -ing形式表示 用途和功能，这类作定语的-ing形式，叫动名词。 e.g. a swimming pool = a pool for swimming,a sleeping c

2、ar,= a car for sleeping,2) -ing形式表示 状态和属性， 叫现在分词。 e.g. a sleeping child working people the rising sun,-ing形式短语作定语时一般放在它所修饰的名词之后, 相当于一个定语从句。 e.g. They are visitors coming from several countries. The boy standing there is a classmate of mine.,In the following years he worked even harder. 在后来的几年中，他学习更努

3、力了。 The man speaking to the teacher is our monitors father. x k 正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。,1). _ dogs seldom bite. A. Bark B. To bark C. Barked D.Barking 2). The wolf spoke in a _ voice and Mr. Dongguo felt_. A. frightening; frightened B. frightened; frightened C. frighten; frightening D. frightening; frig

4、htening,3. Its pleasure to watch the face of a _ baby. A. asleep B. sleep C. sleeping D. slept 4. The _ buildings showed us that an earthquake was coming. A. shaking B. shook C. shaken D. shake,Read the sentences from the text.,I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curious

5、ly. 2. I stood for a minute watching them and went to greet them . 3. She stepped back appearing surprised 4. Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling, together with 5. , she recognized Tony Garcias smiling face.,attributive,adverbial,adverbial,adverbial,attributive,动词-ing在语法功能上相当于动词、形容词和副词。现在分词

6、通常和逻辑主语之间存在主动关系。但要注意它的各种形式变化：,主动形式 被动形式 doing being done having done having been done,动词-ing做状语,一般式,完成式,现在分词作状语,现在分词作状语往往和逻辑主语之间存在主动关系。现在分词作状语，常常用来表示原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随状况等。现在分词一般不用作表目的的状语（通常用不定式表目的状语）。,Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine. (=When I was walking in the street, I ca

7、me across an old friend of mine.),While waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily. (=While he was waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily.),1）表时间状语,Attention：连词可以保留,2) 表原因状语 Being ill, he didnt go to school. (=Because/As he was ill, he didnt go to school.),Being a student, you sh

8、ould study hard. (=Since you are a student, you should study hard.),Thinking he might be at home, I called him. (=As I thought he might be at home, I called him.),3)表方式、伴随状语 ： 作伴随状语地分词表示的动作，,He sat on the sofa, watching TV. (=He sat on the sofa, and watched TV.),他们笑着谈着走进了教室。,_, they went into the cl

9、assroom.,他斜靠(lean)着墙站着。,He stood leaning against the wall. (He stood and leaned against the wall.),Laughing and talking,4) 表结果 Her mother died in 1990, leaving her with her younger brother. (=Her mother died in 1990, and left her with her younger brother.),全国到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它成了一首最受欢迎的歌曲。,The song is sung

10、 all over the country, _ .,making it the most popular song,Attention：表示意外的结果用 to do (与only连用 ),5)表条件,Using your head, you will find a way. (=If you use your head, you will find a way.),一直往前走，你就会看到一座白色的房子。,_, you will see a white house.,Walking ahead,Attention,doing形式作状语时, 它的逻辑主语必须与主句主语是一致的。,e.g. Tim

11、e permitting, I will pay a visit to the whole city.,(分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语不同， 两者不构成主谓关系时，所以只能用独立主格结构, 也就是给现在分词补充一个主语。),e.g. I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard. 我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。 All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. 所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。 Time permitting, well do anothe

12、r two exercises. 如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。,有时也可用with (without)+名词+分词形式 e.g. With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。,有时也可用独立结构： Generally speaking., Judging from/by., supposing, considerating Judgingfromthewayhelaughed,itwasmeanttobehumorous,1. When he approached Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder a

13、nd kissed her. _ _ Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kissed her.,Rewrite the following sentences.,When,approaching,2. The person who is translating the songs can speak seven languages. The person _ _ _ can speak seven languages.,translating,the,songs,3. The boy standing there is reading a book a

14、bout body language. The boy _ _ _ there is reading a book about body language.,who,is,standing,4. Because he comes from Jordan, he moves close to ask you a question. _ _ Jordan, he moves close to ask you a question.,Coming,from,5. She sat at the desk and did her homework. She sat at the desk _ _ _.,

15、doing,her,homework,用动词的-ing形式改写下列句子。 1. The picture that hangs on the wall is a world-famous one. The picture _ on the wall is a world-famous one. 2. Because he hadnt received an answer, he decided to write another letter to him. _ _ _ an answer, he decided to write another letter to him.,hanging,No

16、t having received,3. When he sees the mountain, he always thinks of his hometown. _ the mountain, he always thinks of his hometown. 4. Because it is Sunday, there are no students in the school. It _ _, there are no students in the school.,Seeing,being Sunday,5. He hunted all the shops to look for a

17、nice present for his mother. He hunted all the shops, _ _ a nice present for his mother.,looking for,1. Having not seen the film, I cant tell you what I think of it. 2. The men worked for extra hours got an extra pay. 3. Seen from the top of the hill, we find the city more beautiful. 4. Generally sp

18、eak, facial expressions are helpful communications, too.,Not having,working,Seeing,speaking,单句改错,5. “Cant you read?” the man said, angrily pointed to the notice on the wall. 6. Knocking at the door before entering, please. 7. European football is played in 80 countries, made it the most popular spor

19、t in the world.,pointing,Knock,making,1. Sarah pretended to be cheerful, _ nothing about the argument. (2011大纲全国卷) A. says B. said C. to say D. saying,高考链接,2. _ around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people. (辽宁2011) A. Gather B. To gather C. Gathering D. To be gathering 3. Sit down, Em

20、ma. You will only make yourself more tired, _ on your feet. (北京2011) A. to keep B. keeping C. having kept D. to have kept,4. Do you wake up every morning _ energetic and ready to start a new day? (湖南2011) A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. felt 5. More highways have been built in China, _ it much easier for people to travel from one place to an-