ARAMCO阿美认证检验员考试题及答案

1、Questionnaire and Answer Sheet: MECHANICAL GENERAL 1 机械综合机械综合 1 1. What is the purpose of a penetrameter or IQI? Indicates radiographic sensitivity and quality of the techniques. 2. What is meant by the term sensitivity with regard to radiography? The ability of a radiographic technique to reveal de

2、fects of a specific size. 3. What are the limitations of magnetic particle inspection and liquid penetrant inspection? M.P. can be used only on ferromagnetic materials to detect surface subsurface discontinuities. L.P. can be used to detect defects open to the surface. Both M.P. and L.P. require sur

3、face preparations before testing. 4. What information is contained in a Welding Procedure Specification? Process type, groove (joint) design, material type, material thickness, position of groove, filler metal type, pre-heat requirements, interpass temperature, post weld heat treatment requirements,

4、 shielding gas or flux type, electrical characteristics, techniques of welding. 5. Why is post weld heat treatment required for some type weldments? Relieve stresses, lower hardness 6. What is the basic difference between a DIN and an ASME penetrameter? DIN penetrameter is a wire type penetrameter,

5、ASME penetrameter is a hole type penetrameter. 7. What type of defects would you expect to find during visual inspection of a completed weld? Undercutting, excessive or insufficient weld reinforcement, excessive irregularities, incomplete penetration on a single butt-weld, weld spatter, etc. 8. What

6、 precaution must be taken with low hydrogen welding electrodes? Store in oven when not in use, kept in heated container by welder awaiting use. 9. What information normally appears on radiography? Penetrameter identification, Location of markers to ensure complete coverage, the name of the inspectin

7、g laboratory, the date, the part number, whether original or subsequent exposure. 10. What is the rule of thumb used to determine the amperage for the dry, prod method of magnetic particle inspection? 100 125 amps / inch. 11. What materials are the transducer made from? Quartz, Barium Titanate, Lith

8、ium Sulphate and Ceramics. 12. What is a film defect? A mark on the film usually caused by improper handling or processing. 13. If you were inspecting an item using the prod method and located a weak crack pattern, where would you place the prods to obtain a stronger location? Relocate prods 90 degr

9、ees to the crack pattern and re-inspect. 14. What typical defects would you expect while inspecting a casting? Sand and slag inclusions, gas porosity, shrinkage, hot tears. 15. Describe the pulse echo technique. When an electric current is applied to the crystal, the crystal vibrates transforming th

10、e electric energy into mechanical vibrations which are transmitted through a coupling medium into the test material. These pulse vibrations propogate through the object and are reflected as echoes from both discontinuities and the back surface of the test piece and will appear as a vertical deflecti

11、on on the cathode ray tube or oscilloscope. 16. Which method i.e. magnetic particle examination or liquid penetrant examination, locate non-metallic inclusions open to the surface. Both. 17. What is a “Weld Procedure Qualification Record? A document which contains, essentially the same information a

12、s a WPS but includes the results of the tests necessary to qualify the WPS. Also listed are the “essential variable” of the specific process of processes. 18. What is meant by the term “Film Density”? Measurement or film blackening.测量或胶片的发黑度。 Densitometer is used to measure film darkening. 显像密度计是用于测

13、量胶片的暗色变化。 19. What factors determine the echo height of a flaw in ultrasonic inspection? Size of the flow, position or orientation and instrument characteristics. 20. What surface preparation is required on a material before magnetic particle or liquid penetrant inspection? The material surface shou

14、ld be clean, dry and free from oil, grease, weld spatter or anything that will obscure or interfere with defect detection. Questionnaire and Answer Sheet: MECHANICAL GENERAL 2 机械综合机械综合 2 1. What is a mil?“Mil”是什么？ 1/1000 part of an inch. 2. Difference between stress relieving normalising. 3. Name 2

15、tests carried out to determine toughness. D.W.T.T., CHARPY 4. What is max. hardness valve as per NACE MRD 175? c) Steel 235 Hv max. 钢 最大：235 Hv 5. How would you measure gramophone lines on a raised face of a flange? / 6. Name 3 types of flanges. Weld neck, Raised Face, Grooved Face 7. What precautio

16、ns must be taken when welding cladded pipe? Check angle, Prep etc. when welding ensures slag is removed and freed of beads etc. 8. What info is required on a standard mill cert? Cast Analysis, Chemical Analysis, P.O. Number, Client, Mech. Test Results etc. 9. Why is radiography preferred over other

17、N.D.T. methods? Permanent indications on SPAM. Questionnaire and Answer Sheet (MAGNETICAL PARTICLE TESTING) 磁粉检验磁粉检验 1. Can heat have an effect on the results of a magnetic particle test? YES 是的 2. How does the appearance of a surface defect differ from that of a subsurface defect? Surface defects h

18、ave a more clear and distinct indication and are easier to detect, they can also be re-tested by PT method. Subsurface defects are detectable by MT-Method (most reliable method is “wet fluorescent” after A.C. magnetizing) keep in mind the skin effect when using AC current 3. TRUE or FALSE: A coil sh

19、ot produces what is generally considered to be a longitudinal magnetic field. TRUE (apply the right hand rule) 4. As per ASME Section V, what amperage should be used for the dry prod exam of base metal? For thickness below ” 90-110 Amp/25mm for thickness above ” 100-125 Amp (refer to ASME Section V)

20、 5. Surface defects are more clearly defined by A.C. or D.C. current. By A.C. 6. TRUE or FALSE: Discontinuities parallel to the magnetic field produce the strongest indications FALSE, best case is 90 to the magnetic field lines. 7. TRUE or FALSE: It is possible to detect defects by magnetic particle

21、 examination that cannot be detected by radiography. TRUE, for example, by x-ray method using an Iridium 192 source, you will not detect very small Cracks, called “hair cracks”. Those kinds of defects can be found by MT-wet fluorescent method, on the surface or close to the surface. 8. What method i

22、s more sensitive for the detection of subsurface defects, AC or DC current? A.C. 9. According to ASME Section V. what are the three main steps in a magnetic particle examination? Cleaning up the test surface, magnetizing of the component and application of the according test medium, i.e. dry powder

23、or fluorescent suspension, evaluation and record the results. 10. TRUE or FALSE: When parts are to be welded after magnetic particle testing, residual magnetism may attract the filler material. This aids in the disposition of weld metal improving the weld quality. TRUE 正确 11. TRUE or FALSE: A longit

24、udinal magnetized part retains a more objectionable residual field than a circular magnetized part. TRUE 错误 12. TRUE or FALSE: Demagnetization is still required when a part will be subsequently heat treated. FALSE 13. TRUE or FALSE: The detection of subsurface defects over ” deep in weldments is mor

25、e of a problem than is the case of surface defects. TRUE 正确 14. When a magnetic field is induced in a part with prods, spaced 6 inches apart, the field is considered as: a) solenoid field b) distorted circular field c) longitudinal field d) yoke field b) 15. TRUE or FALSE: Abrupt changes in thicknes

26、s, high amperages and drilled holes near the test surface are causes of no relevant indications. TRUE 正确 Questionnaire and Answer Sheet RT (RADIOGRAPHY TESTING) 射线检验射线检验 1. What is the purpose of a penetrameter? To indicate the quality of radiological images. 2. What are the minimum and maximum acce

27、ptance levels, per ASME Section V, for film density using a gamma-ray source and single film viewing? 1.5 4.0 (-15% + 30%) 3. Name five (05) attributes which are normally included in a written radiographic procedure. Material thickness, isotope or X-ray source, minimum source to object distance, max

28、imum source size, film type, penetrameter image requirements, radiographic technique, 4. Name at least 5 types of weld defects would you expect to find with Radiography. Cracks, porosity, slag inclusion, tungsten inclusion, lack of penetration, lack of fusion, cluster gas pores, offset, burn through

29、 isolated inclusion, 5. What American standard specifies the qualification requirements for technicians involved in nondestructive testing? ASNT, RP SNT-TC-1A 6. TRUE or FALSE: ASME Section VIII, div. 1 contains radiographic acceptance criteria for rounded indication. True (Appendix 4) 正确（附录 4 ） 7.

30、In a double wall technique for single wall viewing, what is the minimum number of exposures required by ASME V? Three exposures taken 120 deg. to each other 8. Source size, specimen thickness, and source to object distances are three factors that determine the _ of a radiograph? Sensitivity 灵敏度 9. W

31、hat does ASME V say about quality of radiographic film? All radiographs shall be free from mechanical, chemical, or other blemishes to the extent that they do not mask and are not confused with the image of any discontinuity in the area of interest. 10. A radiographic film having wide latitude also

32、has, by definition: a) poor definition b) low contrast c) high speed d) none of the above. blow contrast 低的对比度 11. TRUE or FALSE: To make a proper evaluation when interpreting a radiograph, it is necessary to know the welding process used to make the weld. True 正确 12. A dark line of varying width on

33、 a radiograph which follows the edge of the fusion zone of a weld cap is indicative of: a) undercutting b) incomplete fusion c) porosity d) shrinkage Incomplete fusion 不完全融合 13. A radiograph that shows a narrow dark line traveling in irregular directions would generally indicate the presence of: a)

34、a crack b) slag line c) aligned porosity d) lack of fusion a- crack 裂缝 14. TRUE or FALSE: Radiographic film with large grain size will produce radiographs with better definition than film with small grain size. False 错误 15. TRUE or FALSE: Deep scratches in lead screens result in corresponding dark f

35、ines on the radiograph. True 正确 Questionnaire and Answer Sheet UT (ULTRASONIC TESTING) 超声检验超声检验 1. What is the first step in a UT examination? 超声检验的第一步是什么？ Read the Performance Instruction, to be issued by a qualified UT-Level 2 or 3 Expert, calibration of test unit, check the test surface condition

36、. 2. Why is surface condition critical? The longitudinal or transverse waves, produced by the test probe have to penetrate into the material, possibly without any loss of wave energy and to avoid UT-echoes on the screen, caused by a rough surface, which can result in miss-interpretation of the echoe

37、s. To eliminate those and to support a proper wave penetration into the material, in any case, it must be applied a kind of Gel or alternative medium with a similar viscosity, onto the test surface prior commencement of scanning the surface with the test probe. 3. What is the most common method to c

38、heck for cracks in a weld using UT? Shear wave technique (Application of a 60 or 70 shear wave test probe.) 用 60 度或 70 度的横波试验探头。 4. Higher frequency transducers are generally better suited for: a) castings b) forgings c) neither b) Forgings b) 锻件 c) neither 5. Define sensitivity To calibrate the UT-

39、Test Unit in conjunction with the calibration / reference block, i.e. “K1” or “K2”, you have Unit amplification for example of 12dB, this is the calibration sensitivity. To have a better resolution for detection of irregularities, you put on top another 3dB for transfer correction and another 3dB fo

40、r compensation of wave pressure reduction occurred by the steel micro structure. This increase of 6dB means that the test or scanning sensitivity is doubled. Upon detection of a defect, you have to reduce the 6dB correction for further evaluation acc. to the negotiated acceptance criteria. 6. Define

41、 resolution The resolution depends on correct choice of test unit incl. choice of test transducer, proper calibration incl. all above mentioned correction compensations, test surface condition, depth -type size -characteristic of defects. 7. Which transducer provides greater sensitivity and resoluti

42、on: a) low frequency b) high frequency c) expensive transducers. b) High frequency, due to the shorter wave length. 8. TRUE or FALSE: Ultrasonic is the preferred method for examining clad plate for lack of bonding. TRUE 正确 9. List at least three types of defects can be detected by ultrasonic testing

43、? Lack of bonding, none metallic inclusion, porosity / pores, overlaps Lack of fusion, cracks 10. What level of certification must an ultrasonic test operator, working independently, have as a minimum? For plate and bar stock ferro materials, using longitudinal wave technique: Level 1 required, for

44、testing of weld connections using shear wave technique, testing of austenitic: Level 2 required. When working independent and evaluating and classifying UT flaws level 2 is required 11. When examining materials for planar flaws oriented parallel to the part surface, what test method is most often us

45、ed? a) angle beam b) through transmission c) straight beam d) dual crystal Depending on material thickness eighter c) straight beam, or d) dual crystal Most often straight beam is used 12. Compensation for a variation in echo height related to variations in discontinuity depth in the test material i

46、s known as: a) transfer b) attenuation c) distance amplitude correction d) interpretation c) 13. TRUE or FALSE: As transducer diameter decreases, the beam spread decreases. False, once the transducer diameter becomes smaller, the near field becomes shorter, and the divergence angle becomes larger. A

47、nother influence factor of course is the frequency of the transducer. 14. TRUE or FALSE: In general, for a given frequency, shear waves are more sensitive to small discontinuities than longitudinal waves. Ture 15. Low frequency sound waves are not generally used to test thin materials because of a)

48、the repaid attenuation of low frequency sound b) incompatible wavelengths c) poor near surface resolution d) none of the above. d） Questionnaire and Answer Sheet PT (LIQUID PENETRANT TESTING) 渗透检验渗透检验 1. Is PT an acceptable method for non-ferrous materials? YES 是的 2. What is dwell time? Penetration

49、time of the red liquid spray, between application to surface and remove from the surface, generally 15 min. at room temperature. Dwell time depends on type of penetrant and temperature. 3. For the fluorescent penetrant method what is the minimum amount of time the examiner must be in the darkened ar

50、ea? Min. 3-5 min. for the eye re-adjustment. 4. TRUE or FALSE: It is possible to detect defects by liquid penetrant examination that cannot be detected by radiography. True, especially defects close to surface or open to surface. 5. Can Liquid penetrant inspection be used on hat assemblies? No 6. Ca

51、n color contrast penetrant testing be performed in broad daylight? YES 可以。 7. What type of defects can liquid penetrant testing detect? Only defects which are open to the surface, due to the capillary effect. 8. Which of the following physical properties, more than any other, determines what makes a

52、 material a good penetrant? a) Viscosity b) Surface tension c) Wetting ability d) No single property if a material will or will not be a good penetrant. a) + b) 9. Which of the following is not a recommended method for cleaning a surface prior to a liquid penetrant test: a) acid etching b) vapor deg

53、reasing c) liquid solvent d) sand blasting e) all of the above are acceptable a) + d) 10. Which of the following are typical of foreign matter which might block the openings of discontinuities if the surface of a test specimen is not cleaned properly? a) water b) oxides c) carbon d) all of the above

54、 a) 11. If a penetrant test is to be conducted using a visible dye penetrant in pressurized spray cans, the temperature of the test area should not be lower than: a) 90 degrees F b) 60 degrees F c) 40 degrees F d) 0 degrees C b) 60F = 15. 5C 12. Developer assists in the detection of penetrants retai

55、ned in discontinuities by aiding the: a) post cleaning process b) emulsification process c) bleed-out process d) drying process d) 13. A commonly used method of checking on the overall performance of a penetrant material system is by: a) determining the viscosity of the penetrant b) measuring the we

56、t ability of the penetrant c) comparing two section of an artificially cracked part c) Use a reference pcs. 14. Which of the following visible dye penetrants is more sensitive for detecting fine grinding cracks? a) non-water soluble visible dye penetrants b) water washable visible dye penetrants c)

57、all dye penetrants are about equal in sensitivity a) Questionnaire and Answer Sheet: ELECTRICAL 1 电学电学 1. How would you describe the functions of a generator and a motor? A generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. 发电机是将机械能转换为电能。 A motor converts electrical energy into mechanical

58、energy.发动机是将电能转化为机械能。 2. Is the efficiency of a synchronous motor expected to be higher than an induction motor? Yes.是的。 3. How is a power factor of the load obtained on a synchronous machine? Excitation adjustment 激发调节器 4. Why is shaft current insulation required on large motors and when should it

59、be checked i.e. before or after assembly? To eliminate the possibility of bearings damage caused by current circulating from the shaft through the bearing to the pedestal and back to the other end of the shaft. The insulation resistance should be checked on the bearing before assembly of the shaft since only one bearing is normally insulated. 5. What would you consider t