高中虚拟语气讲解课件[1].ppt

1、Grammar the Subjunctive Mood 虚 拟 语 气,We met in this room . Do come to the meeting next Friday . If I were you , I would study hard .,陈述语气,祈使语气,虚拟语气,英语动词有 种语气,三,虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式(verb structure), 用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实 (fact)，而只是一种假设(hypotheses )愿望(wishes)、建议(suggestion) 或怀疑(doubt)等等。,The definition of the S

2、ubjunctive Mood,虚拟语气的考点 1、条件句中的虚拟语气的用法； 2、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装； 3、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法； 4、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法; 5、虚拟语气时态的判定。,If从句,主句,did（be用were),had +done,did（be用were) were to+ do should +do,Would do (should/ could/might),Would /should /could / might +do,Would have + done (should/ could/might),1.If 引导的条件状语从句（1）,If he ha

3、d hurried ,he could have caught the train. If I were to go abroad ,I would go to America.,If I won the lottery now, I would buy an expensive car.,现在事实相反,过去事实相反,将来事实相反,If you had told me in advance, I _ him at the airport. A. would meet B. would had met C. would have met D. would have meet,高手过招,I wou

4、ld have gone to the meeting if I _ time. A. had had B. have had C. had D. would have had If it_ tomorrow, I wouldnt attend the party. A. rain B. rains C. had rained D. were to rain,注意: 含有 should 的条件句, 主句可以用一般现在时或一般将来时. 例如: If there should be another flood, what shall we do? Ask her to leave a messag

5、e if she should come.,（2.）省略 if 的条件从句 If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again.,Were I to meet him tomorrow,Should he fail in the experiment,省略 if 的条件从句 If I had followed your advice, I wouldnt have made such foolish

6、 mistakes.,Had I followed your advice,（3.）用介词短语代替条件状语从句。含蓄条件句butthat（要不是）、without（没有）、otherwise（否则）、or（不然）、undercircumstances（在的情况下）、inthepast（在过去）相当于if it werent/hadnt been for. e.g.: Without air, there would be no living things. I would not have succeeded but for your help. But for his help, we wo

7、uld be working now. Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. We didnt know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.,（4)有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致，混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。e.g.: If you had asked him yesterday, you would

8、 know what to do now.（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。） If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在). If he had followed the doctors advice, he would be quite all right now.,2.名词性从句的虚拟语气 (1).Wish 引导的宾语从句 与现在事实相反： 过去时（were） 与过去事实相反： had+过去分词 与将来事实相反：would/could/might+V e.g.: I wish I were a

9、 bird. I wish he hadnt done that. (do) I wish I would be rich in the future.,I wish I _ to have a word with Danny when he was here last week.,had been able should be able have been able were able,How I wish I _ as well as she. shall sing can sing could sing should sing,（2)表示要求,命令,建议的虚拟语气,宾语从句中常见动词:

10、一个坚持, 两个命令, 三个建议, 四个要求。即 1). insist 2). order, command 3). advise, suggest, propose 4). demand, require, request, desire,We suggested that Tom have a rest.,He insisted that I (should) be present.,The king ordered that the prisoners be killed the next day.,They requested that we (should) send them to

11、 work there.,I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. He insisted that he (should) be sent there.,注意：如果suggest, insist不表示“建议” 或“坚持要某人做某事”时，即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时，宾语从句用陈述语气。 His pale face suggested that he was ill The boy insisted that he was right.,1. The guard at gate insisted that eve

12、rybody _ (obey) the rules. 2. He insisted that she _ (be)seriously ill and that _ (send) to hospitals at once.,obey,was,be sent,（3）在主语从句表语从句，同位语从句中的应用1）在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。 demand (要求), desire (请求),requirment (要求) advice (劝告), recomme

13、ndation (建议),suggestion (建议) order (命令) necessity (必要地), preference (优先) proposal (计划), plan (计划), idea (办法)， recommendation以及plan，idea，resolution等。,The suggestion that the mayor present the prizes was accepted by everyone The advice is that we (should 可省略，)leave at once. My idea is that we (should)

14、 get more people to attend the conference. (idea, should + get) (表示做出主意) I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.,2）在主语从句中 It isimportant/necessary/strange/nature/desired that that引导的从句中的谓语动词用should+v。 It is necessary that we should have a walk now. It is natural that she be take

15、n good care of. It is important that we should take care of the patient.,3. 状语从句 1)asifasthough引导的状语从句 asifasthough（仿佛、好像）引起方式状语从句， a一般过去时（表示与现在事实相反） b过去完成时（表示与过去事实相反） cwoulddo（表示与将来事实相反）,Youlookasifyouhadseenaghost He looks as if he were his father. The two strangers talked as if they had been frie

16、nds for many years. He seemed as though he had known everything. It looks as if it would be the last day for him. They talked and talked as if they would never meet again. Note: 如果句子表示的是陈述语气，事实则要用陈述语气 e.g.: It looks as if it is going to rain because there are a lot of dark clouds.,2)lestincaseforfea

17、rthat引导的状语从句 lest（以防、以免）、incase（万一、以防）、forfearthat（因恐、免得）引起的状语从句中，谓语动词要使用（should）do的形式。 Theoldwomanwalkedslowlylestshe（should）slip He took enough money for fear that unexpected things should happen. He started out earlier lest he should be late.,4. 定语从句 Its (about/high) time +从句，表示“该做而未做的事”, 是一种婉转的建

18、议, 从句中的动词用一般过 It is high time we began to work. Weve enjoyed the evening, but its time we went home. Its about time the boy learned to behave himself.,虚拟语气特殊句型：,5. if only,现在： 过去： 未来：,did（were）,had done,would do,If only I knew his name! If only we had followed your advice! If only I could see him ag

19、ain!,6. would rather that,现在： 过去： 未来：,I would rather you paid me now.,I would rather you had gone, too.,Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.,did,did,had done,1. Without sunlight , or water or air , there _ no life on the earth . A will have B would be C can be D must be 2 But for the snow ,

20、we _ earlier . A will arrive B would have arrived C arrive D arrived,1. Is it necessary that he _ the examination? A. takesB. has to take C. must takeD. take 2. It is strange that he _ you this. A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D. has told,D,B,判断是否虚拟,2. 判断虚拟类型,3. 判断虚拟时间,Pass!,虚拟语气应试对策,1. If

21、he had not lost his money, he _ the piano last week. A. would buy B. had bought C. bought D. could have bought 2. If we were to be 200 years old, we _ everything. A. will change B. can change C. could change D. changed,Practise,3. If you _ that film last night, you would not be so sleepy now. A. did

22、nt see B. havent seen C. wouldnt seen D. hadnt seen,4. You are late. If you _ a little minutes earlier, you _ him. A. came, would meet B. had come, would have met C. came, would have met D. were to come, would meet,5. But for the storm, we _ a pleasant journey. A. should have B. have had C. would ha

23、ve D. should have had 6. _ to do the work, I should do it some other day. A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I,7. Without the computer, the problem _ in such a short time. A. couldnt be solved B. wouldnt have solved C. couldnt have been solved,8. Without electricity, human life _ quite differen

24、t today. A. will be B. were to be C. would be D. is,9. “You are very selfish. Its high time you _ you are not the most important person in the world,” Edgar said to his boss angrily. A. have realized B. realized C. realize D. should realize,10. I wish I _ longer this morning, but I had to get up and

25、 come to class. A. could have slept B. slept C. might have slept D. have slept,11.I advised that you _ the job as soon as possible . A finished B finishing C to finish D finish 12 The workers in the factory demanded that their pay _ be raised. A should B would C must D could,13. My father did not go

26、 to New York; the doctor suggested that he _ there. A. not went B. wont go C. not go D. not to go,14.The teacher demanded that the exam _ before eleven. A. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished 15.The commander ordered that we _ work. A. must finish B. finished C. shoul

27、d finish D. could finish,16. Janes pale face suggested that he _ ill . A be B was C should be D is 17.He insists he _right. A. were B. was C. be D. is,18.His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable. A. try B. tries C. must try D. can try,19 She made the demand that the journalists _at once for Iraq. A. leave B. leaving C. left D. to be left,20.We are in favor of your proposal that the meeting _. A. should be put off B. was put off C. should put off D. is to put off,21. If he my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job.(2010,天津)A. followed B. should follo