万学海文六级讲解.ppt

1、六级讲解,海文英语教研组,讲解内容,1. 作文类型及相应对策 2. 听力技巧 3. 阅读题型分类及相应 技巧,1. As college students, we have to learn/study knowledge. (acquire) 2. When we meet difficulties, we must face them calmly. ( meet with) 3. The problem have become more and more serious. (has) 4.The society is changing more and more faster 5. Es

2、pecially, science and technology are highly important and emphasized. (in particular) 绝对不能放在用在主句句首！,写作部分，一般用英语给出题目，然后用以下三种形式之一说明内容要求： 1. 用英文列出写作提纲； 2. 用英文段首句给定每段的大意； 3. 用英文说明图表,给出信息范畴和要求。 考试时间为30分钟,要求学生写出一篇不少于100词的短文。要求切题,能正确表达思想，意义连贯，文理基本通顺，无重大语言错误。写作内容为科技、社会、文化等方面的一般常识。 14分 切题。表达思想清楚,文字通顺,连贯性较好。基本

3、上无语言错误,仅有个别小错。 11分 切题。表达思想清楚,文字连贯,但有少量语言错误。 8分 基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚, 文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多,其中有一些是严重错误,作文,考试作文大致可分为四大类： 1、原因现象对策； 2、正反论证； 3、图表及漫画； 4、热点话题。,不论什么类型的文章，六级作文总是由三部分构成：起始段落，分析段落以及结尾段落 一 起始段落 It goes without saying that the issue of A has caused wide public concern at present. According to a recent su

4、rvey made by some experts, as many as 60%-80% （这个数据可以根据情况变动）of the college students have such experiences of A. In addition，the survey also shows that an increasing number of people are interested in A.,二分析段落， 这部分有的文章要求分析原因，有的要求是正反观点 1对于分析原因，可归结为三个万能原因：经济发展、政策推动、法律制定，以不变应万变 What caused this remarkab

5、le phenomenon? Personally, there are at least three premier factors contributing to it. To begin with, the government has been forwarding the policy to A. Furthermore, the increased income resulting from economic growth plays a cardinal（主要的，重要的） part in the changes. Finally, the authorities concerne

6、d have made proper regulations to A.,2另一个是正反观点 When asked about their opinion on A, people always response differently. The overwhelming majority of people deem that A is not the bad thing as it is often supposed to be. They are of the attitude that a certain amount of A is vital in life. On the con

7、trary, there are other people who hold A does harm to individuals/society. In conformity to them, B, the opposite of A, is essential and necessary to individuals/society.,三结尾段落这部分有的要求是提出对策，有的要求是趋势分析 1提出对策，原因找出来了要提出解决方案，对应为三个万能措施：政府立法、提高意识、认识价值 In conclusion, it is imperative for us to take effective

8、 measures to reverse the disturbing phenomenon. To begin with, we should appeal to our authorities to make strict laws to control A. Furthermore, we should enhance the awareness of people about A. Finally, we should bring home to people the value of A. Only in this way can we .Also I believe that we

9、 humans can overcome this difficulty, and we will have a brighter future.,2结尾的另一个写法是趋势分析 From the analyses made above, we may come to the conclusion that . With the further growth in economy and more changes in our consciousness, the tendency indicated in the table will continue in the better direct

10、ion.,写作原则： 1. 长短句原则 2. 主题句原则 3. 一二三原则 4. 多变句式原则,听力,常考题型： 1. 时间与数字题 2. 地点与方向题 3. 观点、态度与反应题 4. 身份与职业题型 5. 原因与结果题型 6. 事件情景题型,1. 时间与数字题 时间题的四个选项都是表达时刻的数字，或是星期、年、月等词 数字题选项可能是纯粹的数字或是带有货币符号的数字 正确答案不是直接听到的数字，往往意思相近或相同、或是换一种表达，或是要求进行四则运算 数字关系用more/less, late/early, fast/slow, before/after 之类的形容词、副词或介词短语表示,例1

11、 A: Could you tell me the timetable of the school bus? B: Well, the bus leaves here for the campus every two hours from 6:30am. But on weekends it starts half an hour later. Q: when did the second bus leave on Saturday？ a)7:30 b)8:00 c)8:30 d)9:00 例2 A: Sorry, Mr. Smith is not in. May I have him ret

12、urn your call? B: Yes, thank you Im at 6330872sorry its 6338720. Q: whats the mans telephone number? a)6330872 b)6380372 c)6338720 d)6338726,2. 地点与方向题 2.1 在地点题中，有的地点能直接提到，有的需要根据内容判断（一般问对话发生地），还有的两者兼有。 选项由 介词+地点名词构成 问对话发生地 in/at+地点 问方向 to/from/out of +地点 2.2 首先根据卷面线索判断试题类型。 对第一类题重点听跟地点有关的常用词或词组，例如听到r

13、eserve, check in, check out之类的话对话可能发生在旅店；听到size, color, pay, discount 对话可能发生在商店。 对于考方向的试题，必须注意对话的细节，不要单凭从对话中获得的孤立信息来确定答案。在听录音时可以画一些草图帮助理解。 2.3 有些地点需要通过逻辑判断来理解猜出正确答案。,A: I have just got back from the holiday you arranged for me, but I must tell you the hotel was really awful! It was miles from the se

14、a. The food was awful too. The bedroom was dirty. B: Sorry about that but its not really our fault. The contract does say that the hotel accommodation is not our responsibility. Q: Where is the conversation most probably taking place? a) at the airport b) in a travel c) in a hotel d) at home,3. 观点、态

15、度与反应题 此类题考查对话双方对某事或某人的观点和看法。有时可以直接听到，但是大部分需要从说话人的语调、语气以及所使用的词汇、短语等方面来进行推理和判断。 选项特征为： 3.1 一般为完整的句子 3.2 某一选项可能含有think, should, agree (disagree), shareopinion, like (dislike), will等词,3.3 提问方式有： What did the woman/man say about? Whats the womans/mans attitude towards/opinion about? What does the woman/m

16、an mean/imply (by saying)? What did the woman/man think of? What does the man think the woman should do?,应对策略： 1)凡在选项中出现agree (disagree), shareopinion, like (dislike)等词就是判断第二个人是否同意第一个人的观点，所以在听录音时注意听第二个人的话，也就是言外之意。平时多积累一些表示赞同和反对的习语。 You can say it again. I cant agree with you any more. I cant agree m

17、ore. / I cant agree you more. I doubt. Id rather 2)选项中出现should, ought to 等词语，答案很肯能出现在第一个人的话里，也要随即应变。如果选项中出现he should/the man should重点听女生；反之亦然。 3)选项中出现mean, think, will 的题，通常有两种情况，其一是说话人用了虚拟语气来表达愿望；其二是找一个借口（用but来引导）来拒绝对方的邀请、建议等。,例1. A: Isnt that a new brand of typewrite you are working at? B: Oh, Bil

18、l isnt the first time youve asked me about it. Q: what does the woman imply? a) The man is a forgetful person b) The typewriter is not new c) The man can have the typewriter later d) The man misunderstood her 例2. A: Some people know a lot more than they tell. B: Unfortunately the reverse is also tru

19、e. Q: What does the man mean? a) Some people pretend to know what they really dont b) What the woman said is true c) What the woman said is wrong d) He knows more than the woman does,一 形式肯定但意义否定的句型 1 I would like to/ I would love to but 这句话表否定，重点在but 后面 例. A: The students English club is having a pa

20、rty on Sunday night, can you come? B: I would like to but I work at a restaurant on weekends 二 使用虚拟的句子，句子形式的是肯定的，但实际意义却和真实情况相反 例1. If the traffic was not so bad, I could have been home by 6:00 例2. A: Do you like physics? B: But I wish it were interesting 三 last 字面意思为最后一个，但实际意义为“.是最不可能的” 例 A: Would y

21、ou like to go mountain climbing with us? B:T hat is the last thing in the world I want to do 四 anything but 意为根本不 例: A: Everyone is helping out with dinner. Could you make the soup B: Anything but that 五out of questing(没问题) 和 out of the question (不可能) 例： A: Could you lend me $10 until pay-day B: It

22、is out of the question 六 can not be more(再.也不为过) 例: you can not be more careful in driving a car,4. 身份与职业题型 此类题型包括人物的职业、身份以及与他人的关系。此类对话经常提供一个情节，反应所涉及的人物的关系和身份。此类题型有固定格式，要么是四个不同的职业，要么是四对不同身份的人。 听录音时善于捕捉关键词，常见提问形式有： Who (what) is the man/woman? What is the mans/womans profession/occupation? What is th

23、e probable relationship between the two speakers?,5. 原因与结果题型 此类题型较难根据卷面线索判断题型，因此不宜费时推断正确答案。 选项特征: 5.1 四个选项通常都是完整的陈述句 5.2 至少有一个选项暗示出该事实可能导致某种结果，通常有好几个选项的事实能导致同一结果 5.3 选项中可能出现cant, not be able to, tooto, have to等词或词组。 例子： A: Suppose the company offered you a pay rise of 50%, would you be so determined

24、 to leave and look for a job elsewhere? B: Yes Ive set my mind on it; Id like to find a job with scope to show my ability. Q: why has the man decided to leave the company? a) He is not equal to the job b) He is not well paid for his work c) He doesnt think the job is challenging enough d) He can not

25、 keep mind on his work,6. 事件情景题型 此种题型的形式一般为：对话双方围绕某件事、某个主题进行讨论，在谈话中涉及情景、背景或描述环境，然后针对谈话内容提问。 What are the two speakers discussing? What does the man/woman say about? What can you learn from the conversation? 此类考查可分为事件细节题、综合理解题、推理题 对于考查细节题，只需听清楚整个谈话的内容以及个别的词语 其他两种题型，需要将内容和细节连贯起来进行整体的综合理解和逻辑推理,例1. A: D

26、id you hear Mike is in hospital with head injuries and a broken arm? B: yes, apparently he was struck by another vehicle and turned completely over. Q: what happened to Mike? a) His car was hit by another car b) He was hurt while playing volleyball c) He fell down the stairs d) While crossing the st

27、reet, he was hit by a car. 例2. A: I have to think about your offer I cant say “yes” or “no” at the moment. B: you can take your time. It will do if you let me know your decision in a day or two. Q: which of the following is true? a) the man thinks the woman is wasting her time b) the man thinks the

28、woman should make full use of her time c) the man is eager to know the womans answer d) the man can wait and there is no need for her to hurry,阅读理解,常考题型： 1.细节题 2.判断词汇和短语题 3.推理判断题 4.主旨题 5.观点态度题,1.细节题 1.1 若针对举例子、名人言论、特殊符号后的内容出题，只读例子、名人言论、特殊符号后的内容，即可选出正确答案 Studies of birds may offer unique insights int

29、o sleep. Jerome M. Siegel of the UCLA says he wonders if birds half brain sleep is just the tip of the iceberg(冰山) He speculates that more examples may turn up when we take a closer look at other species.（01年1月） 15. By just the tip of the iceberg( Line 2, Para. 8), Siegel suggests that_ . A) half br

30、ain sleep has something to do with icy weatherB) the mystery of half brain sleep is close to being solvedC) most birds living in cold regions tend to be half sleepersD) half brain sleep is a phenomenon that could exist among other species,1.2 如果针对某一段落的内容提出问题的话，只看该段内容即可答题，而不必看完全文才做答案 You hear the ref

31、rain all the time: the U.S. economy looks good statistically, but it doesnt feel good. Why doesnt ever-greater wealth promote ever-greater happiness? It is a question that dates at least to the appearance in 1958 of The Affluent (富裕的) Society by John Kenneth Galbraith, who died recently at 97. （07年6

32、月） 52.What question does John Kenneth Galbraith raise in his book The Affluent Society? A) Why statistics dont tell the truth about the economy. B) Why affluence doesnt guarantee happiness. C) How happiness can be promoted today. D) What lies behind an economic boom.,1.3 选项中同义词替换的一般为答案，而与原文相投或及其相似的选

33、项一般不是答案 No woman can be too rich or too thin. This saying often attributed to the late Duchess（公爵夫人）of Windsor embodies much of the odd spirit of our times . Being thin is deemed as such a virtue.（02年6月） 26. In the eyes of the author an odd phenomenon nowadays is that A）the Duchess of Windsor is reg

34、arded as a woman of virtue B）looking slim is a symbol of having a large fortune C）being thin is viewed as a much desired quality D）religious people are not necessarily virtuous,1.4 选项中有绝对语气的一般不是正确选项 这些语气词有：always, the most, never, all, only, no, none, exclusively, hardly等；而选项中含有不十分肯定的语气次一般是正确选项，这些词有

35、：may, often, usually, might, could, more or less, possible, not necessarily等 When school officials in Kalkaska, Michigan, closed classes last week, the media flocked to the story, portraying the towns 2,305 students as victims of stingy (吝啬的) taxpayers. There is some truth to that; the property-tax

36、rate here is one-third lower than the state average. But shutting their schools also swallowed Kalkaskas educators and the states largest teachers union, the Michigan Education Association, to make a political point. Their aim was to spur passage of legislation Michigan lawmakers are debating to inc

37、rease the states share of school funding.（02年12月） 31.We learn from the passage that schools in Kalkaska, Michigan, are funded_ .A) mainly by the state governmentB) exclusively by the local governmentC) by the National Education AssociationD) by both the local and state governments,1.5 议论文中，那些符合一般常识的

38、选项，富有深刻哲理，符合一般规律的选项往往是正确选项 It is where prices and markets do not operate properly that this benign(亲戚) trend begins to stumble, and the genuine problems arise. Markets cannot always keep the environment healthy. If no one owns the resource concerned, no one has an interest in conserving it or foster

39、ing it: fish is the best example of this.（02年1月）30. The primary solution to environmental problems isA) to allow market forces to operate properlyB) to curb consumption of natural resourcesC) to limit the growth of the world populationD) to avoid fluctuations in prices,2. 判断词汇和短语题 2.1 通过连接词关系如and, o

40、r 等推断所考词汇含义 It is the moment when the state makes its most powerful demands upon its people for their commitment allegiance and supreme sacrifice. Times of war test a communitys deepest religious and ethical commitments.（02年6月） 34. The word “allegiance”( Line 5,Para. 30) is closest in meaning to _ A

41、 loyalty. B objective. C survival . D motive . 2.2 通过上下文关系来判断被考词汇的意思 2.3 选项含义与所考单词含义表面上相近的一般不是答案 We must recognize that environmental health issues do not stop at city limits, county lines, state or even federal boundaries. We can no longer afford to be tunnel-versioned in our approach. We must visu

42、alize issues from every perspective to make the objective decisions.（99年6月） 18. The word tunnel-versioned (Line 2, Para. 4) most probably means A) narrow-minded B) blind to the facts C) short-sighted D) able to see only one aspect,3. 推理判断题 3.1 如果是对某段内容进行推理，那么只需看题干要求的段落即可 The use of deferential (敬重的)

43、 language is symbolic of the Confucian ideal of the woman, which dominates conservative gender norms in Japan. This ideal presents a woman who withdraws quietly to the background, subordinating her life and needs to those of her family and its male head. She is a dutiful daughter, wife, and mother,

44、master of the domestic arts. The typical refined Japanese woman excels in modesty and delicacy; she “treads softly (谨言慎行)in the world,” elevating feminine beauty and grace to an art form.（07年6月） 57.The first paragraph describes in detail _. A) the standards set for contemporary Japanese women B) the

45、 Confucian influence on gender norms in Japan C) the stereotyped role of women in Japanese families D) the norms for traditional Japanese women to follow,3.2 合乎常理或符合一般常识的选项大多是答案选项，而与原文相同或对原文做字面解释的则不是答案 These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are stranger

46、s to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers. Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a communitys population size and its social heterogeneity(多样性). For instance, sociologists have fo

47、und much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drugs, etc. Large-city urbanites are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan(见多识广者的)outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for

48、leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size.（02年9月）39. It can be inferred from the passage that the bigger a community is A) the better its quality of li