技巧十+长句的翻译1+从句.ppt

1、技巧十 长句翻译之从句的翻译,从句法功能上划分，从句可以分为状语从句(Adverbial Clauses) 、名词性从句(Noun Clauses)和定语从句(Relative Clauses) 。,状语从句(Adverbial Clauses) 英语的状语从句种类较多，为了符合汉语的表达习惯，翻译的时候应注意从句子语序和词语的省略两方面考虑。 语序：英语状语从句位置比较灵活，翻译时应根据汉语结构需要，对语序作必要的调整。 省略：为了避免累赘，要注意汉语中常将从句的主语和连词省略。,He always goes wherever he is in urgent need. 哪里需要他，他就到哪

2、里去。（地点状语从句） You shouldnt have given up so early, though you met with a lot of difficulty. 虽然有很多困难，你也不应该这么早就放弃。 （让步状语从句） She passed the CET-4 because she had studied very hard. 因为学习努力，所以她顺利地通过了英语4级。（原因状语从句）（如果强调结果，也可把从句译在后面）,We would have accomplished the task much easier if you had come to help us.

3、要是你来帮过我们，完成这项任务本可以更容易些。 （条件状语从句） Chongqing has undergone a great change since she became the municipality city. mju:nisipliti 自治区 自从成为直辖市以来，重庆发生了翻天覆地的变化。 （时间状语从句）,名词性从句 (Noun Clauses) 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，因此名词性从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,1名词性that-从句的翻译 That只起连接主句和从句的作用，本身

4、没有词义，例如： That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气。 （主语从句） John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。（宾语从句）,The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他。 （表语从句） The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 近来谁也没有见过他，这一事实令

5、办公室所有的人不安。 （同位语从句）,Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless species”. 2010年48题 本句难点是以that引导的两个并列同位语从句。曾几何时，生物学家有些滥用这种证据，即这些生物通过猎杀弱者来保存猎物的健康状态，或者说，这些生物捕杀的只不过是“毫无意义的物种

6、” 。,Whether the government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force。 主语从句 政府究竟是以减少对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入，还是相反，这往往取决于把哪一方面看作是驱动型的力量。,That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末。 即用it作先行词结构： (1) It i

7、s 名词从句 It is a fact that 事实是； It is an honor that 非常荣幸；It is common knowledge that 是常识 (2) it is 形容词从句 It is natural that 很自然； It is strange that 奇怪的是,(3) it 不及物动词从句 It seems that 似乎； It happened that 碰巧 (4) it is 过去分词从句 It is reported that 据报道； It has been proved that 已证实,2名词性wh-从句的翻译 Wh-词包括who, wh

8、om, whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词： How the book will sell depends on its author. 书销售如何取决于作者本人。 In ones own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家里可以随心所欲。 The club will give whoever wins a prize. 俱乐部将给得胜者颁奖。 My question is who will take over president

9、of the Foundation. 我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。,Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语，而将wh-从句置于句末。 It is not yet decided who will do that job. 还没决定谁做这项工作。 It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他们何时结婚依然不明。,定语从句(Relative Clauses)的翻译方法常用的有前置法、后置法和溶合法。,1. 前置法 This is the scientist who just returned from the Nort

10、h Pole. 这是刚从北极归来的科学家。 But Miggles laugh, which was very infectious, broke the silence. 但米格尔的富有感染力的笑声打破了沉默。 Harmonious interpersonal relationship is the primary reason why I enjoy working here. 同事之间关系融洽是我喜欢在这工作的主要原因。,Without rubber there would be no such automobiles as we have today. 如果没有橡胶，就不会有今天这样的

11、汽车。 There is no royal road to science, and only those who do not dread the fatiguing climb of the steep paths have a chance of gaining its luminous summits。 在科学上没有平坦的大道，只有不畏劳苦沿着陡峭山路攀登的人，才有希望达到光辉的顶点。,The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him. 在他手下工作的人对他怕得要死。 I was, to borrow from John

12、, the spy who was to stay out in the cold. out in the cold 被忽视，遭排斥 借用约翰的话来说，我成了一个没人理睬的/被打入冷宫的间谍。,He who laughs last laughs best 谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。 He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet. 没有尝过苦味的人不知道什么是甜。 He who flatters one to the face will surely speak ill of one behind ones b

13、ack. 当面谄媚的人，背后必诋毁。 He who knows most says least. 知道最多的人说得最少。/智者寡言/君子讷于言而敏于行。,2.后置法 Machine tools have various uses, one of which is to make holes in metal. 机床有各种用途，其中之一是给金属钻孔。 He has advanced some rational recommendations which are not necessarily applicable to the local conditions. 他提出了一些合理性建议，但对于当

14、地情况不一定适用。,I was endeavoring to put off one sort of life for another sort of life, which was not better than the life I had known。 我一直在竭力摆脱一种生活而改换另一种生活，但是我所改换的生活并不见得比我原先的生活好。 There occurred the Great Earthquakes of 1923 in Japan, which caused a serious damage of property and a great loss of lives. 19

15、23年，日本发生了大地震，结果造成了重大的财产和生命损失。,They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives. 他们正在为实现一个理想而努力， 这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的，在过去， 许多中国人曾为了这个理想而牺牲了自己的生命。,3. 溶合法（将主句与定语从句结合起来；There be 结构多用） There are many people who want

16、 to see the film. 许多人要看这部电影。 One will surely succeed who perseveres to the end. 只要坚持到底，就必获得成功。,He is used to taking notes of any book he reads. 他惯于一面看书，一面做笔记。 We used a plane of which almost every part carried some identification of national identity. 我们使用的飞机几乎每一个部件都有国籍的某些标志。,There was something ori

17、ginal, independent, and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them. 这个方案富有创意，独辟蹊径，很有魄力，因此他们都很喜欢。 This is the very laser scalpel which he used to operate on a patient suffering from malignant tumor. 他就是用这把激光刀为一位患恶性肿瘤的病人动手术的。,The forthcoming economic crisis seems more serious than the preceding cyclic depression, which did not involve energy crisis and nuclear race. 即将来临的经济危机似乎比上一次周期性的经济萧条更为严重，因为那次萧条没有出现能源危机和核竞赛。,2004 61. The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection w