八年级英语牛津8Bunit1 语法教案2.ppt

1、Present perfect tense 吴 昊 冬,现在完成时态,Present perfect tense 现在完成时,构成: 用法一：,表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果.现在完成时这一时态强调是过去动作与现在的联系,也就是强调现在的影响和结果.,have/has + 过去分词,1.都表示过去发生的事 2.现在完成时强调过去和现在的联系，不能和具体的时间状语连用； 3.一般过去时强调过去发生的事或状态与表示过去的具体时间连用（last, ago, yesterday, etc. ）,present,past,I have lived here for two years

2、,I lived there 2 years ago,eg.1. He had his breakfast at 6:00 He has had his breakfast. 2. When did you come here? I watched the football match on TV at 9:00.,什么时候使用现在完成时？,表示现在完成时的时间副词,一、already和yet常见于现在完成时中，有“已经”之意。前者一般用在肯定句中，后者用在疑问句中。yet在否定句中有“还”之意。 “Has the bus left yet”? “Yes. It has already lef

3、t.” (“No. It hasnt left yet.) “汽车开走了吗？” “是的，已经开走了。” “不，还没有开走。 ”,二、 “already” 用于现在完成时的肯定句中, “yet” 用于现在完成时的否定句和疑问句中. 用“already” “yet”填空。 He has ( ) visited many places in China. 注意 already 在句中的两种位置. The train hasnt arrived （ ）. 火车（到现在）还没有到。 Has she arrived （ ）? 她已经到了吗？Hasnt he come （ ）? 她还没来吗？,already

4、,yet,yet,yet,三、ever和never也是现在完成时常见的时间状语。前者意思是“曾经”，多见于疑问句或否定句中；后者意思是“从来没有”，表示全部否定。 “Have you ever seen the film?” “No. I have never seen it.” “你曾经看过这部影片吗？” “没有， 从来没看过。” Nobody in our class has ever been there. 我们班没有人去过那。,四、just, recently是完成时的时间状语，just now 有a moment ago 之意，是一般过去时的时间状语。 The train has j

5、ust arrived. 火车刚到。 Did you see Joan just now? 你刚才看到琼了吗？ Have you heard from your family lately/recently? 你最近收到家人的来信了吗？,五、since短语或从句表示过去的动 作延续至今，since之后的时间为一点。 Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. 1984年以来，史密斯先生一直在这工作。 Hes learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college. 他上大学以来大约学了五千个英语单词。

6、,六、for短语表示动作延续多长时 间，for的宾语为时间段。 We have known each other for twenty years. 我们认识有二十年了。 I havent seen her for a long time. 我好久没有见到她了。,The dog has been dead for three days. She has been had (buy) the book for two week,这是为什么呢？,牛津版初中英语八年级下,Grammar : 表示动作或状态从过去开始一直延续到现在甚至将来,Mike borrowed the books two day

7、s ago.,Mike has kept the books for two days.,有些动词不能和for, since, how long 等连用,She has bought the computer for two years.,had,buy,have/has had,How long have you come to the United States？,been in,come to,have/has been in,Ann has gone to China since three months ago.,been in,I have got to Paris for one

8、 week .,been in,got to,have/has been in,My brother has joined the army for five years.,been in,been a soldier,join,have/has been in,have/has been a soldier,I have left Shanghai for 3 days.,been away from Shanghai,leave,have/has been away,The film has begun for 10 minutes.,been on,begin,have/has been

9、 on,I have borrowed the dictionary since 3 days ago .,kept,borrow,have/has kept,The concert has finished for half an hour.,been over,finish,have/has been over,His dog has died for two years .,been dead,die,have/has been dead,She has married for six years .,been married,marry,have/has been married,切记

10、有些动词是非延续的，在此用法中要换成其相对应的延续性动词：,buy borrow open close leave die join begin,-have - keep -be open -be closed -be away -be dead -be a member of -be on,常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变,arrive/come/go to die become a borrow Leave/ move buy open join start/begin finish/ end catch a cold get up get to know get out close w

11、ake up go to sleep become interested in,be in,be dead,have,keep,be away / be out,be a,be in/a member of,be open,be on,be over,have a cold,be up,know,be out,be closed,be awake,be asleep/ sleep,be interested in,标志词：for +一段时间, since+过去的时间点, these years, so far, in the past/last years,We _ (learn) Engli

12、sh for three years/ since two years ago/since 2000. Mr. Green _ (be) in China these years. They _(write) 15 songs so far. The population _ (grow) more slowly in the past ten years.,have learned,has been,have written,has grown,Exercises,His father has died. (for 2 years) The football match has begun.

13、(since9:00a.m) The twins have joined the army. (since they are 18years old) My teacher has just left Nanjing. (for 3 days),His father has been dead for 2 years.,The football match has been on since 9:00 a.m.,The twins have been soldiers/ been in the army since they are 18years old.,My teacher has be

14、en away from Nanjing for 3 days,Correcting,1. I have borrowed the book for 3 months. 2. My bother has joined the army since he was 18. 3. Jack and Tom have lived here since 5years. 4. The film has been on since I have come to the cinema. 5. When has Mr. Li caught a bad cold?,have kept,has been in/ b

15、een a member of the army,since 5 years ago/ for 5 years,came,did,catch,6. Ten years have passed since they got married. 7. Jim has gone to Beijing for 2 years. 8.What time have the factory opened? 9.I have gone to Chunhua Middle School twice,has,has been in,did,open,been to,含延续性动词的现在完成时的同义句转换。 She h

16、as worked for ten years. . . .,She began to work ten years ago.,She has worked since ten years ago.,It is ten years since she began to work.,Ten years has passed since she began to work.,提升与补充,重点句型:It is/ has been+段时间+since从句 段时间+has passed+ since从句,eg. 他死了两年了： He died two years ago. He has been dea

17、d for two years /since two years ago It is/ has been two years since he died. Two years has passed since he died.,这本书我借了一个月了。,I borrowed this book a month ago.,It is/ has been a month since I borrowed the book.,I have kept the book for a month. /since a month ago.,A month has passed since I borrowed

18、 the book.,have/has gone to have/has been in have/has been to,1.A: Wheres Jim, Li Lei? B: He _his school library. 2.The Greens _China for three years. We _the Great Wall twice. Its very beautiful.,has gone to,have been in,have been to,B,A,A,B,B stay,A,她以前曾去过上海。,She has been to Shanghai before.,他在上海10年了。,She has been in Shanghai for ten years,他去上海了。,He has gone to Shanghai.,Have/has gone tohave/has been to have/has been in,have/has gone to:已经去了或在途中，还没有返回； hav