复合句详细讲解

1、最新 料推荐【专题八】主从复合句（状从、名从和定从）【考点分析】状 从句1.when, while, as 引 状 从句的区 ；2.名 the minute, the moment, the first time, each time, any time等用作 ， 引 的 状 从句；3.before,和 since 引 状 从句的用法以及常 的几个句型；4.till 和 until 的用法；5.although, though, as 以及 even if, even though 引 步状 从句的用法；6. 果状 从句中“ so that与 “” such that的区” ；7.条件状 从句

2、unless, providing/provided, suppose/supposing 等引 的用法；8. “疑 +ever ”和 “ no matter+疑 ”引 从句的用法；9. in case 引 的状 从句；10.where 引 的状 从句；11.once 引 的状 从句。12.与祈使句、定 从句、名 从句、倒装句以及与 句型的混合考 。名 从句1. that 和 what 引 名 性从句的区 ；2.名 从句的 序和 ；3. it 作形式主 、形式 的几种情况；4. 从句的否定 移；5.whether 和 if 的用法区 ；6.what 在名 性从句中的使用；7.doubt 后的名

3、 性从句的使用；8.who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法区 ；9. 接 that 的省略；定 从句1.that 与 which 引 的定 从句的区 ；2.who 、 whom 与 whose 引 的定 从句的区 ；3.关系副 where、 when 与 why 引 的定 从句的区 ；4. “ as”引 定 从句的考 ；5. such as与 such that的区 ； the same as与 the same that的区 ；6. “介 +关系代 ”的考 ；7.the way 作先行 ,定 从句的引 作状 用in which ,that或者省略；8.含有插入

4、的定 从句；9.与并列句、状 从句、同位 从句以及与 句型的混合考 。【知识点归纳】i. 句子的种 复 主从复合句 ，我 首先要 句子的种 有所了解，才能更深入地掌握主从复合句的知 。按用途分1最新 料推荐种类型类肯定句陈述句否定句一般疑问句特殊疑问句疑问句选择疑问句反意疑问句肯定句祈使句否定句what + 名词感叹how + 形容词或副词句how + 句子how + adj.+a (an) + n.=whata(an)+adj.+n例句we love our motherland.我们热爱祖国。they don t go to work on sundays他.们星期日不上班。are you

5、 a worker?你是个工人吗？haven yout seen the film? 你没看过这部电影吗？who is the man? 这人是谁？when do you watch tv? 你什么时间看电视？ what are they doing now? 他们现在正在干什么？do you want tea or coffee? either will do.你要茶水还是要咖啡？哪种都行。does he learn japanese orfrench? helearnsfrench.他学日语还是学法语？他学法语。they are going to the airport, aren他们要t

6、 they?去机场，是吗？you haven finishedt your homework, have you?你没做完作业，是吗？be sure to get there at eight. 务必八点钟到那儿。don t worry. i ll help you别out担心.，我会帮助你的。what great changes we have had these years!这几年我们有了多么大的变化啊!what a fine day it is!多好的天气呀!how brave he is!他多么勇敢呀!how hard they are working!他们工作多努力呀！how tim

7、e flies!时间过得多么快呀!how nice a boy (he is) !=what a nice boy (he is)!多好的孩子啊!按结构分种类类型主+谓主+谓 +宾简单主+谓 +间宾 +直接宾句主+谓 +宾 +宾补例句they disappeared. 他们消失了。he likes swimming. 他喜欢游泳。we help each other. 我们互相帮助。i told my friend the good news.我把好消息告诉了我的朋友。they sent us a telegram. 他们给我们拍了电报。they named the boy jack. 他们给

8、孩子起名叫杰克。i want everything ready by eight o clock.我要求一切都要在八点前准备好。she is a university student. 她是一名大学生。主 +系 +表he has become a pilot. 他已成为一名飞行员。2最新 料推荐并列句复合句either you do it, or i ask for somebody else to do it.并列关系 and, not要么你来做，要么我 其他人来做。only but also,neither tom nor jack has finished the homework.ne

9、ither nor, 姆和杰克都没有完成作 。both and, notbut,not couldn tthey complete the task, but the task was too tough.不是他 完不成任 ，而是任 太重了。转 折 关 系 but,while（而，尽管）john likes playing basketball, but he didn tplay it yesterday.nevertheless(然而；不 翰喜 打 球，但他昨天没打。过) 关系 or,we must hurry, or we ll miss the train.我 必 快点，否 会赶不上火

10、 。otherwise or else,either you come to my place or i go to yours.either or或者你到我 儿来，或者我到你那去。we had better stay at home, for it was raining.因果关系 for, so,我 最好呆在家里，因 天正在下雨。thus, therefore, and sohe didn t work hard, therefore failed in the examination.他学 不努力，因此 次考 不及格。由一 个 主 句 和 一 个或一 个 以 上 的 从 句从句有：构成

11、的 句 子 叫 复 合名 性从句（主 从句，表 从句， 从句和同位 从句）句。在复合句中主句状 从句是全句的主体，从句定 从句是全句的一个成分，（ 看以下内容）不能独立。ii. 状 从句状 从句是每年高考必考的内容，在高考 中加上其它从句的干 ，以及倒装句， 强调句的介入，使得状 从句更 复 。1. 状 从句由 下列 连 词 引 导 ：when,while,as,before,after,once,till,until,since,assoonas,nowthat,hardly when,scarcely when,no sooner有than,一些表示 的副 （短 ）或名 短 也可引 状 从

12、句。如： directly,instantly,immediately,bythe time ， the moment,the second,the minute,theinstant,every time,each time,next time,the last time等重点内容如下： when,while,as 引 的 状 从句 as 表示“当的 候” ，往往和 when/ while 通用，但它着重 主句与从句的 作或事情同 或几乎同 生。she came up as i was cooking.(同 )the runners started as the gun went off.(

13、 几乎同 ) when(at or during the time that ) 既可以表示在某一点的 候，又可表示在某一段 内，主句与从句的 作或事情可以同 生也可以先后 生。it was raining when we arrived.( 指 点 )when we were at school, we went to the library every day.( 在一段 内)3最新 料推荐when we arrived there,the film had already begun.( 先后 生 ) while 意思是“当的 候”或“在某一段 里”。主句中的 作或事情在从句中的 作或事

14、情的 展 程中 生，从句中的 一般要用延 性 。在when 表示aperiod of time ，两者可以互 。please don t talk so loud while/when others are working.he fell asleep while/when reading.strike while the iron is hot.(不可用 as 或 when， 里的while 意思是“趁”) before 状 从句的重点句型 之后 才： it was a long time before i got to sleep .不多久 就： it wasn t long before

15、 he told me about the affair.不等 就： before i could get in a word, he had measured me. 就： he hardly entered the room before he heard the telephone ring.先 再： you can have a few days to think about it before you make your decision. since 引 的从句用延 性 的 去式（包括 去完成 ）， 从句的 作已 束 ,从句意思是否定的。如果从句的 是延 性的用完成 ，从句意思是肯

16、定的。 he has never been to see me since i was ill. 我病愈后，他一直未来看我。 （不在生病了） he has never been to see me since i have been ill.我病了，他一直未来看我。 i havent heard from him since helived here.自从他 里搬走，我就没有收到他的信。（不住在 儿了） i know him very well since he has lived here near us. 自他住在我 附近以来，我 他很了解。 it s three years sincew

17、asi in the army.我退伍已三年了。 （不在服役了） it s three years sincehavei been in the army=its three years since he joined the army.我入伍已三年了。如果与till 与 until 从句使用的主句是肯定的， 主句中 要用延 性 如果与其使用的主句是否肯定的， 主句中 要用短 性 。另till 从句不可以置于句首，只有 until 从句可以放在句首。not until放在句首 主句要倒装。2.原因状 从句由下列 引 ：as（由于） ,because(因 ), since（既然） ,now (t

18、hat) ( 既然 ), considering that（ 及到） , seeing that（由于）。i do it because i like it. 因 我喜 我才干。(because 不能与so 用 )he couldn t have seen me, because i was not there他.不可能 我，因 当 我不在那儿。seeing (that) quite a few people were absent, we decided to put the meeting off.由于好些人都没到会，我 决定延期开会now that/since you are all h

19、ere, let s try and reach a decision.既然大家都来了咱 就 法做一个决定吧as she was ill, she did n t come tothe party.由于病了，她没来参加晚会。considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.考 到他 才 学做，他 干得算很不 的了。重点内容如下： because 气最 ，用于回答why 的提 ，可与 only,just 以及否定 not 用。但不可以与so 用。如 you shouldn t get angry j

20、ust because some people speak ill of you.4最新 料推荐另外注意与not 用 否定的 移。he didn t do such a thing because he was afraid of hiswife. 他并不是因 怕他的妻子才做 的事。cf:he didn t do such a thing,because he was afraid of his wife. 因 怕妻子，他没有做 的事。because引 的从句可以被 ：it was because she wanted to study abroad that she entered for

21、toefl as 气 弱， since 气也 弱， 但比 as 正式一些 ,所 明的原因比 明 或是已知的事 ，多用于口 中，所以不 。常置于句首。as all the seats were full,he stood there.since you are going,i ll go,too. for 解 “因 ”但只是一个并列 ，它引 的是并列句，不是原因状 从句。the day was short,for it was december.3.地点状 从句由下列 引 :where,wherever,anywhere,everywhere 。anywhere he went,he got w

22、arm welcome.the girl takes the doll with her everywhere she goes.wuhan lies where the yangtze and the han river meet. 武 位于 江和 水 合 。where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。youd better make a mark where you have any questions.哪儿有 ，你最好在哪儿做个 号。( 里 where 引 的从句不是定 从句)4. 果状 从句由下列 引 ：that，sothat，so t

23、hat（从句中不 情 ） ，suchthat，with the resultthat 等。注意以下几种 构： so+adj/adv+that such(a/an+adj)+n+that so+adj+a/an+n+that=such a/an+adj+n+that so many/much/few/little( 少 )+n+that 注意以上 构与定 从句 so/suchas的区 。this is such an interesting/so interesting a film that/as everyone wants to see it/(it).he didn tplan his

24、time well so that/so he didn tfinish the work in time.他没把 划好， 果没按 完成 工作。we left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.我 走得匆忙，把 都忘了 了。the village is so small that it cannot be shown in the map. 村子太小，所以 地 上没有。jenny is such a clever girl that all the teachers like her very much= jenny is so c

25、lever a girl that all the teachers like her very much jenny 是如此 明的女孩，以至老 都非常喜 她。i have had so many falls that i am black and blue all over.我摔了 多跤，以至于 身青一 紫一 he has so few friends that he often feels lonely.他朋友很少，所以 常感到孤独。i had so little money then that i co uldn t afford little present.5最新 料推荐我当 囊中羞

26、 一份小小礼物都 不起5.目的状 从句由下列 引 ：so that,in order that,for fear that 等。目的状 从句的 常与情 词 can, could, may, might, should 用目的状 从句的 常与情 动词 can, could, may, might, should 用。（ so that 也可用来引 果状 从句，但从句中不 情 ）let s take the front seats (so) that we may see more clearly.我 坐前排吧， 我 看得更清楚些。school was closed early in order

27、that the children might go home ahead of the storm.早点儿放学是 了 孩子 在暴 雨到来之前回家。he took the name down for fear that he should forget it.他把名字写下省得忘了。（ 从句中一般用情 should+ 原形，或省略should）better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.最好多 些衣服以防天气会冷。注意： so that 引 的目的状 从句只能放在主句之后，in order that引 的目的状 从句可以放在主句之前或

28、之后。6.条件状 从句分 真 条件句和非真 条件句（用在虚 气中）。表示条件的状 从句可以由 if（如果） ,unless（除非） , in case（万一） , so /as long as（只要） , as/ so far as（就而言） , on condition that （条件是） suppose（假 ） supposing （假 ）（ 用在 句中）等 或 引 。一般情况下当主句是将来 的 候，从句要用一般 在 。as/so long as we don t lose heart, we ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.只要我 不灰

29、心，我 就能找到克服困 的方法。send us a message in case you have any difficulty. 万一你有什么困 ， 我 一个信儿。if you leave at 6 o clock tomorrow morning, you d better get to bed now.如果你明早6 点 走，你最好 在就上床。well let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy.只要你能保持整 ，我 可以 你使用 个房 。as/so far as i know, he is an e

30、xpert on dna. 据我所知，他是一个dna 家。he ll accept the job unless the salary is too low/ if the salary is not too low.他会接受 工作的，除非薪水太少/如果薪水不太少的 。suppose/supposing we can t get enough food, what shall we do?假 我 弄不到足 的食物，那我 怎么 ？7. 步状 从句由下列连词引导：although,though,as,evenif,eventhough,while,whether or,whoever,whatev

31、er,however,no matter+ 疑 等。we won t be discouraged even if(=even though) we fail ten times.我 就是失 十次也不泄气。it was an exciting game, though / although no goals were scored.那是一 精彩的球 ，尽管一个球都没 。whether you believe it or not, it s true.不管你信不信， 是真的。however (=no matter how) expensive it may be, i ll take it. 无

32、 它有多 ，我也要 下它。6最新 料推荐don tlet them in, whoever(=no matter who) they are. 不管他 是 ， 他 来。no matter what i say or how i say it, he always thinks im wrong. 无 我 什么或怎么 ，他 是我 。注意以下几点： although,though 引 步状 从句 ，主句前不能用but,但可以加yet,stil 。he refuses help although he has many friends who want to offer all kinds of h

33、elp. as 引 步状 从句 ， 必 用前置 构， 通常是从句中的表 、 状 或 原形放在句首，放在句首的名 前的冠 要去掉。child as(though)he is, he knows a lot. （注意在child 前不要用冠 ）much as i like it, i won t buy.try as he would, he couldn t lift the heavy box.8.方式状 从句由下列 引 ：as,as if,as though,the way 等。do it the way you were told.注意以下几点： as 引 方式状 从句 意 “按照 ”，

34、“如同 ”，前面常用加 。i did it just as you told me. as if 和 as though 引 的从句中， 常用虚 气，有 也用 述 气。 while 和 whereas 可表示 比。whereas he is rather lazy,she is quite energetic.9.比 状 从句由下列 引 ：asas,not asas,not soas,than 等 ( 情 参 【 三】形容 和副词) 。10.注意状 从句中的省略 象 接 + 去分 unless repaired, the washing machine is no use. + 在分 look

35、 out while crossing the street. +形容 /其他常 的有 if necessary、if possible 、 when necessary、if any 等。比 状 从句中的省略句。如：he arrived home half an hour earlier than (he hadbeen)expected.iii. 名 从句在句子中起名 作用的句子叫名 从句(noun clauses）。 名 从句的功能相当于名 组, 它在复合句中能担任主 、 、表 、同位 、介 等，因此根据它在句中不同的 法功能，名 从句又可分 称 主 从句、 从句、表 从句和同位 从句。

36、引 名 性从句的 可分 三 ： that（不充当从句的任何成分，无 。只起 接作用，因此往往可以省略。）whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分，均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性。不可以省略。）as if,as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”） what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which when, where, how, whywho cleaned the blackboard is not known yet. 擦的黑板 不知道。7最新 料推荐what he said is not true. 他 的不是 that

37、hell come to see us is really great. 他来看我 真是太好啦。i don tknow why he is absent. 我不知道 什么他不在。the question is whether he will join us next time. 是下次他是否跟我 一起干。it looks as if it is going to rain.看上去天要下雨了。1.主 从句由从属 引 的主 从句：whether the country should build a nuclear power station is something we mustdiscuss.

38、那个国家是否 建立核 站that light travels in straight line is known to all .光以直 播由 接代 引 的主 从句：what we need is more time.我 所需要的是whichever book you choose doesn t matter to me无. 你 哪本 whoever comes will be welcome. 无 来 由 接副 引 的主 从句：when the plane is to take off hasn t been announced 机.什么 候起 where he has been is s

39、till a puzzle.他到 哪儿 how much water is flowing can be measured easily. 水的流量是多少 关于形式主 it it + be + 形容 + that- 从句it is necessary that有必要 it is important that重要的是 it is obvious that很明 it is likely that很可能. it + be + -ed 分 + that- 从句it is believed that人 相信 it is known to all that众所周知 （注意 句型的 式： it is kno

40、wn to all that the earth goes around the sun.=as is known to all,the earth goes around the sun.=what is known to all is that the earth goes around the sun.）it has been decided that已决定 it + be + 名 + that- 从句it is common knowledge that是常 it is a surprise that令人惊奇的是 it is a fact that事 是可 用于此句型的名 有fact

41、/ shame / honor / question/pity 等。 it + 不及物 + that-分句it appears that似乎it happens that碰巧it occurred to me that我突然想起 it doesn t matter whether he likes or not.2.表 从句可以接表 从句的 系 有be, look, remain, seem 等等。8最新 料推荐the problem is that millions of people die of illnesses caused by smoking. 数百万人死于由抽烟引起的疾病the

42、 question remains whether we can win the game .我 是否能 得 次比 that s justwhat i want. 我想要的this is where our problem lies. 我 的 所在the difficulty is how we can help smokerskick their habit我 如何帮助吸烟的人注意：表 从句的表 形式除了用从属 ， 接代 和 接副 引 以外， 可以由as, as if，as though 引 things were not as they seemed.it looks as though

43、it is going to rain. 好象要下雨了。另外 要注意以下常用的两种 构：the reason why is that而不(用because)it ( this, that ) is becausethe reason why he was dismissed is that he didn. 他为t什work么被开hard除是因为他工作不努力。it is because the tobacco companies want to remain in business.3.同位 从句同位 从句一般由that, whether 等 引 ， 常放在advice, doubt, fac

44、t, hope, idea,information, message, news, order, possibility, problem, question, reason, truth, word, suggestion.等名 的后面， 明 名 的具体内容。the news that he had landed on the moon spread all over the world.登 月球 .i have no idea when he will be back. 什么 候回来the thought came to him that mary had probably fallen

45、ill mary 也 病了he must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 是否同意4. 从句 从句可以作及物 的 ， 介 的 ， 某些形容 的 以及非 的 。及物 后的 从句：she will give whoever needs help a warm support任何需要帮助的人i wonder why she refused my invitation 她 什么拒 了我的邀 介 后的 从句：i always think of how i can improve my spoken english. 我 是在思考如何

46、提高我的口 水平。the teacher is satisfied with what she has said. 老 他所 的 很 意。某些形容 后的 从句：i am sure that you will make greater progress in english through hard work. 通 努力工作，你将取得更大的 步we are surprised that he has left without saying goodbye to us .他没有告 就走了非 后的 从句：realizing that it was just a difference in custo

47、m, the foreigner smiled and said nothing.on being asked whether h e had had a good time in australia, he answered“ terrible”.9最新 料推荐关于形式宾语itwe must make it clear that anyone who breaks the law will be punished.我们必须清楚任何违犯法律的人都将受到惩罚。i find it necessary that we should ask him for his advice. 我发现我们有必要征求

48、他的意见。5.名词性从句重难点在名词性从句中，疑问句要用陈述句的语序。例如： can you make sure _the gold ring？a.where alice had putb.where had alice putc.where alice has putd.where has alice put you cant imagine _when they received these nice christmas presents.a.how they were excitedb.how excited they werec.how excited were theyd.they

49、were how excited动词doubt 用在疑问句或否定句中，其后宾语从句常用that 作连接词；用在肯定句中，连接词用whether 或 if 皆可，而不用that。do you doubt that he will win ?i dont doubt that your proposition is wrong .he doubt whether i know it . 否定转移问题。将 think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, guess, imagine 等动词后面跟宾语从句时否定转移i dont think i know you.我想我并不认识你。i don t believe he will come.我相信他不回来。we dont expect he will come tonight , will he ?注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转