中国茶文化（Chinese Tea Culture）.ppt

1、Chinese Tea Culture,Chinese Tea Culture,Introduction China, the Hometown of Tea The Importance of Tea in Peoples Daily Life Classification of Tea Tea and Health Tea Custom Tea Ceremonies Gongfu Tea Tea and Chinese Culture Tea Service Master Tea utensils,Introduction,Tea (茶) commonly denotes the drin

2、k made from steeping(浸泡） the processed leaves, buds（芽）, or twigs（枝） of the tea bush (Camellia sinensis 茶树) in water.,Only the top 1-2inches of the mature plant are picked. These buds and leaves are called flushes(嫩芽) . A plant will grow a new flush every seven to fifteen days during the growing seas

3、on, and leaves that are slow in development always produce better flavored teas.,Of the three major beverages of the world- tea, coffee and cocoa- tea is consumed by the largest number of people in the world. It has a cooling, slightly bitter, astringent flavor （涩味）which many enjoy.,Introduction,Chi

4、nese tea culture refers to the methods of preparation of tea,the equipment used to make tea and the occasions in which tea is consumed in China. The terms chayi Art of Tea 茶艺 and Tea Ceremony have been used, but the term Tea Culture茶文化 includes more than just the ceremony. Also culture is easier to

5、translate into English from the Chinese term art 艺.,Tea culture in China differs from that of Europe, Britain or Japan in such things as preparation methods, tasting methods and the occasions for which it is consumed. Even now, in both casual and formal Chinese occasions, tea is consumed regularly.

6、In addition to being a drink, Chinese tea is used in Traditional Chinese medicine and in Chinese cuisine.,China, the Hometown of Tea,It is universally acknowledged that China is the original tea-growing area, as well as the first country to grow, produce and drink tea.,The Discovery of Tea The Histo

7、ry of tea in China,The Discovery of Tea,According to legend, in 2737 BC, Emperor SHEN NUNG a notably skilled ruler, scientist, scholar and patron守护神 of the arts, ruled Chinas vast empire. His many farsighted edicts法令 included the requirement that all drinking water be boiled as a hygienic precaution

8、.,Shen Nung Tasted Plants,The Discovery of Tea,One summer day, while on a state visit to a distant part of his realm, he and the court stopped to rest. Accordingly, servants began boiling water for the royal court to drink. By chance, the wind blew dried leaves from a near by bush, into the boiling

9、water and a brown substance was infused into the liquid. As a gifted herbalist and scientist the Emperor was interested in the newly blended concoction混合物. He examined its properties and after sipping and tasting he declared it to be”MOST REFRESHING!”,The History of tea in China,It has been used as

10、medicine since the primitive society. It has been found in the record documents of China Zhou Dynasty about 1100BC. According to historical data, China began to grow tea about two thousand years ago during the period of the Warring States (475-221BC). Drinking tea became a fashion in the Western Jin

11、 Dynasty and Tang dynasty. In the Song (960-1279) and Yuan (1271-1368) Dynasties tea appraising became a popular custom Since 1700s, the Chinese tea has largely expended into the world market.,The History of tea in China,At present more than forty countries in the world grow tea, with Asian countrie

12、s producing 90% of the worlds total output. All tea trees in other countries have their origin directly or indirectly in China.,Map of Chinese Tea Producing Area,21 Provinces 4 regions,Lu Yu, the Sage of Tea,陆羽煮茶图,陆羽（733年804年），字鸿渐；唐朝复州竟陵（今湖北天门市）人。一名疾，字季疵，号竟陵子、桑苎翁、东冈子，又号茶山御史。以著世界第一部茶叶专著茶经闻名于世，对中国茶业和世

13、界茶业做出了卓越贡献，被誉为“茶圣”，奉为“茶仙”，祀为“茶神”。 新唐书陆羽传记：“羽嗜茶，著经三篇，言茶之原、之法、之具尤备，天下益知饮茶矣。”,Lu Yu: Sage of Tea,“Tea Jing” 茶经（Tea Classics) written by Lu Yu 陆羽 in 760AD was the first book of tea in the world.,Tea appraising in Ancient China,In the Song and Yuan Dynasties a popular custom was. Over the long history of

14、 drinking tea, a special and simple Chinese tea culture came into being. Drinking tea was not only for quenching thirst or for enjoyment, but also for the promotion of friendship and mutual understanding. Folk customs of drinking tea reflected the ancient Chinese peoples great interest in tea cultur

15、e.,斗茶 Tea Fight,品茶图,A tea plant will grow into a tree of up to 16 meters (52 ft) if left undisturbed, but cultivated plants are pruned to waist height for ease of plucking.,Wild Tea Trees in Yunnan Province,Height: 32.12 m,Tea Mountains,The importance of Tea,Tea in Daily Life,“Firewood, rice, oil, s

16、alt, sauce, vinegar and tea are the seven necessities to begin a day.” Cu Cha Dan Fann 粗茶淡饭: coarse tea and tasteless dinner,The Importance of Tea,Tea has always been a vital part of Chinas economy. Back in the “Good Old Days” 往昔美好时光of the Great Wall it was actually used as money! Black Tea was form

17、ed into bricks and carried by traders as the caravans 穿越沙漠的）旅行队ventured west. At that time, a brick of Black Tea was as precious as gold and as important an international currency as the US Dollar is today.,Tea in Chinas Economy,Tea in Literature,商人重利轻别离，前月浮梁买茶去。 The merchant cared for money more th

18、an for me, one month ago he went away to purchase tea. 酒壮英雄胆，茶引文人思。 Wine can add virginity to heroes while tea can stir up men of letters.,Tea in Art,秉烛品茶,Tea Classification,The main varieties of Chinese tea: Green Tea Black Tea Oolong Tea White Tea Yellow Tea Scented Tea,Tea producing technology 制茶

19、工艺,制茶工艺,(1)绿茶：鲜叶杀青揉捻（做形）干燥黄茶：鲜叶杀青揉捻闷黄干燥黑茶：鲜叶杀青揉捻渥堆干燥白茶：萎凋干燥 （新工艺白茶：萎凋轻揉干燥）青茶(乌龙茶):萎凋-做青-炒青-揉捻（做形）干燥红茶：萎凋揉捻发酵干燥,Tea Classification,Other teas: date tea ginseng tea fruit tea eight-treasure tea lotus seed-heart tea Tangerine（柑橘） peel tea Chrysanthemum （菊花）Tea,Green tea 绿茶,Characteristics The tea made

20、without being fermented. The tea liquid and tea leaves are greenish. Benefits: It help people reduce their inner heat. It helps with anti-ageing. It prevents computer radiation and bad breath.,Green tea 绿茶,The most well-known green teas: Longjing Tea from West Lake of Hangzhou 西湖龙井 Maofeng Tea from

21、Huangshan Mountain 黄山毛峰 Yunwu Tea from Lushan Mountain 庐山云雾 Biluochun Tea from Jiangsu 洞庭碧螺春,Longjing Tea 龙井,a top-grade green tea from Longjing, West Lake, Hangzhou Four characteristics： green in color 色绿 fragrant in smell 香郁 sweet in taste 味醇 beautiful in appearance形美,Longjing Tea,West Lake,Biluoc

22、hun Tea 碧螺春,a top-grade green tea from Dongting 洞庭, Taihu, 太湖，Wu County吴县, Jiangsu Province Biluo Peak on Mountain Dongting “Terrifying aroma” 吓煞人香 Emperor Kangxi 康熙 named it biluochun.,Biluochun Tea,Dongting,Black tea 红茶,Characteristics: The fermented tea. The most popular tea in the world. The tea

23、 liquid and tealeaves are reddish. Benefits: It facilitates the fostering of yangqi in the human body. It warms the stomach. It helps with digestion. It is a most suitable choice in cold seasons.,Black tea 红茶,The most well-known black teas: Qimen Black Tea 祁门红茶 Yunan Dianhong Tea 云南滇红 Sichuan Chuanh

24、ong Tea 四川川红,Qimen black tea,a top-grade black tea from Qimen 祁门 and Guichi 贵溪 of Anhui Province. In 1915, Qimen black tea was awarded the Gold Medal at Panama International Fair. From then on, it has been popular with people in foreign countries, especially the upper-class people in Britain.,Qimen

25、black tea,Qimen,Oolong tea 乌龙茶,Characteristics: blue tea 青茶 The half-fermented tea an important part of Gongfu tea The tea leaves are green in the center and red at the edge. Benefits: It decomposes fat and helps people lose weight.,Oolong tea 乌龙茶,The most well-known blue teas: Tieguanyin (Iron Godd

26、ess Guanyin) 铁观音 Wuyiyan Tea 武夷岩茶 Taiwan Oolong Tea 台湾乌龙,Tieguanyin 铁观音,Tieguanyin Tea, translated into English as Iron Goddess Tea, is one of the most famous types of Chinese Tea. It has many different translations and is often called Tieguanyin, Ti Kuan Yin, Tikuanyin, Iron Buddha, Iron Goddess Te

27、a, and Iron Goddess of Mercy Tea. Tieguanyin is produced originally in Anxi County(安溪) in Fujian Province Tealeaves: dark green in color, similar to that of iron It is said that Tieguanyin has such a strong aroma that even after adding water to the teapot seven times, one can still enjoy the pleasan

28、t taste and fragrance. Several legends of Tieguanyin.,Tieguanyin 铁观音,A Legend of Tieguanyin 2-1,During the reign of Emperor Qianlong there in Fujian Provinces Anxi County there was a dilapidated temple that was dedicated to the Buddhist Bodhisattva Guanyin, the Goddess of Mercy. A poor farmer named

29、Wei Yin(魏饮) , on his way to his fields everyday, would pass the temple and noticed its deteriorating state. He felt something needed to be done. The farmer was quite poor and didnt have the means to restore the temple, so instead he brought a broom and incense to the temple. He thoroughly cleaned th

30、e temple and burned the incense in offering to Guanyin. He did this twice a month for many months.,A Legend of Tieguanyin 2-2,One night in a dream, the Bodhisattva Guanyin appeared to him and told him of a cave located behind the temple. Guanyin told him that a treasure was waiting in the cave for h

31、im. He was told to take this treasure and share it with others. When he woke up, Old Wei headed straight to the temple and found the cave which he had never noticed before. Growing in the cave was a single tea shoot. He took the shoot home, planted it, and nurtured it until it grew into a large bush

32、. The tea he made from this bush was fantastic and unlike any tea he had ever tasted. He knew that this tree was indeed a treasure. He gave cuttings of the bush to all of his neighbors and began selling the plant as Tieguanyin, or Iron Goddess of Mercy. The tree of legend still exists and is conside

33、red a national treasure. Located near the tree, carved into the cliff is the name of the farmer who, according to legend, found the original tree.,Anxi 安溪,White tea 白茶,Characteristics: uncured, non-fermented, non-rubbed, fast-dried green tea The tealeaves are silver in color and have fine white hair

34、 on them. The tea liquid is yellowish in color and sweet in taste, with natural fragrance. Benefits: It helps dispel heat within the human body. It also enhances immune function It protects the heart and blood vessels.,White tea 白茶,It is mainly produced in Fuding 福鼎，Zhenghe 政和, and Songxi松溪 of Fujia

35、n Province. The most well-known White tea: “yinzhen baihao” 银针白毫 (silver needle with fine hair on them) “baimudan” 白牡丹 （White Peony ）,yinzhen baihao 银针白毫,Yellow Tea 黄茶,Characteristics: The tea is produced by letting damp tea leaves naturally turn yellow It has an original smell like that of black te

36、a if the tea is cured with other herbs, but its taste is most similar to green and white teas. Benefits: It refreshes the mind. It helps clear away heat and toxic materials within the human body.,Yellow Tea 黄茶,The best well-known: Junshan Yinzhen (君山银针) from Hunan Huoshan Huangya (癨山黄芽) from Mt. Huo

37、, Anhui Meng Ding Huangya (蒙顶黄芽) from Mt. Meng, Sichuan Da Ye Qing （大叶青）from Guangdong,Junshan Yinzhen 君山银针,Scented tea 花茶,The tea made by mixing and aromatizing tea leaves with scented flowers It is produced mainly in Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Anhui provinces.,Scented tea 花茶,The most well-known

38、: jasmine tea 茉莉花茶 magnolia tea 玉兰花茶 lotus flower tea 荷花茶 chrysanthemum tea 菊花茶 rose tea 玫瑰花茶,Jasmine tea 茉莉花茶,the most popular among scented tea made from jasmine flowers. The most well-known jasmine flower tea is produced in Fujian Province.,The Steps of Making Jasmine Tea,Pick a lot of jasmine fl

39、ower buds and put them in a clean place; At midnight when the flowers have the strongest fragrance, add green tea to them for absorption; Get rid of the withered jasmine flowers and get the tealeaves baked; Put the baked tealeaves into newly picked jasmine flowers again. This is repeated several tim

40、es before the tealeaves are ready to be used.,Compressed tea 压制茶,The tea compressed and hardened into a certain shape brick tea 砖茶: in the form of bricks Tuocha 沱茶: in the form of cakes and bowls good for transport and storage mainly supplied to the ethnic minorities living in the border areas of th

41、e country mainly produced in Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan and Yunnan provinces,Compressed tea,Brick tea: 砖茶 huazhuan 花砖茶 (flower brick) heizhuan 黑砖茶 (black brick) mizhuan 米砖茶 (rice brick) qingzhuan 青砖茶 (green brick) Tuocha 沱茶 Xiaguan tuocha 下关沱茶 Puer tuocha 普洱沱茶 Sichuan tuocha 四川沱茶,Huazhuan Green tea is pr

42、eferred in eastern China; Black tea is optimum for people in Fujian and Guangdong; Compressed tea is mainly for minorities.,Tea and Health,Tea is a natural and healthy drink. Tea contains a lot of nutrients that help to build up good health. Tea is refreshing and helps you work efficiently. Tea is a

43、 thirst quencher and aids digestion of food. Tea helps to disinfect and alleviate inflammation. Tea helps urinary output and purge toxins. Tea helps fitness and against cardiovascular diseases.,Social Functions,As a sign of respect: The younger generation shows its respect to the older generation by

44、 offering a cup of tea. To apologize: People make serious apologies to others by pouring them tea. (a sign of regret and submission) To express thanks to your elders on your wedding day: Traditionally, both the bride and groom kneel in front of their parents and serve them tea.,Tea Served at Wedding

45、 Ceremony,Some common practices,One should neither pour tea water till the teacup is full nor empty the teapot or teacups while drinking tea. (Shandong Province) If a guest emptied his/her teacup, the host would think he/she does not want any more tea and therefore wouldnt offer him/her any more tea

46、. Knocking bent index, middle and ring fingers on the table three times to express gratitude to the person who serves the tea.,Tea Ceremony,Tea Ceremonies,The Chinese tea ceremony, also called the Chinese Way of Tea, is a Chinese cultural activity involving the ceremonial preparation and presentatio

47、n of tea leaf. The manner in which it is performed, or the art of its performance is shown in the tea ceremony. Taoism has also been an influence in the development of the tea ceremony. The elements of the Chinese tea ceremony is the harmony of nature and enjoying tea in an informal and formal setti

48、ng. Tea ceremonies are now being revived in Chinas new fast-paced culture, and continuing in the long tradition of intangible Chinese art .,Tea Ceremony,Steps to Make Tea,Heat the pot: Heat the teapot with boiled water to eliminate peculiar smell. Heated pot can help to release the tea scent.,Steps

49、to Make Tea,Place the tea: The mouth of the teapot is usually small, so one should first put the tea in a special half-ball vessel and hand it to guests for them to appraise the shape of the tea leaf. Then, put the tea into the pot with a teaspoon. The amount of the tea is about 1/3 of the teapot.,S

50、teps to Make Tea,Warm the cup: Warm the cups with boiled water that heats the pot.,Steps to Make Tea,High pour: One needs to lift up the kettle high to make a good tea. The tealeaves turn over and scatter in the pot after water pouring in from a high level. This is known as high pour, a better way t

51、o get out the aroma of the tealeaves.,Steps to Make Tea,Low pour: After the tea is ready, one can pour it into a handless cup. This time, one should keep the pots mouth as low as possible and close to the cup to minimize escaping of the aroma. This is known as low pour. Normally, pour the first-roun

52、d brewing and the second-round brewing into one cup, one will have a better taste tea. Repeat this when one makes the third and fourth brewing, and the following rounds as well.,Steps to Make Tea,Distribute the tea: Tea is distributed into cups from the handless cup, with an amount of about 7/10 of

53、the cup. Offer the tea: Offer the tea to guests in teacups together with cup pad. Smell the tea: Before tasting the tea, one should first look at its color and smell its aroma. Taste the tea: The Chinese character 品 (taste) is three 口 (mouth) that are put together, which means one should taste one c

54、up of tea in three sips. Before sipping and tasting the tea, one should smile at the tea brewer for one or two seconds to express appreciation.,Gongfu tea,Gongfu Tea,Introduction The vessels for Gongfu tea Drinking Process,Gongfu Tea: Introduction,It came into being in the Qing Dynasty. Gongfu: time

55、-consuming. choose the appropriate tea set take time to prepare the tea take time to taste and drink the tea,What does Gonggu( 功夫) mean in Chinese?,Gongfu Tea: Four treasures,Kettle: yushu wei 玉书煨 Oven: chaoshan lu 潮汕炉 Teapot: mengchen gua 孟臣罐 Cups: Ruochen ou 若琛瓯 The tea vessels are small and exqui

56、site.,Gongfu Tea: Drinking Process,The teapot and teacups are heated with hot water. Tealeaves are put into the teapot (7/10 of the capacity). Boiling water is poured into the teapot. When pouring boiling water from the kettle into the teapot, one should raise the kettle high. When pouring tea from

57、the teapot into the teacups, one should lower the teapot and keep its spout close to the teacups.,Gongfu Tea: Drinking Process,One should not fill one teacup after another, instead, one should put the teacups in a circle and pour a little tea into the teacups each time. Only after two or three round

58、s of pouring should the teacups be filled with tea. (This is to ensure that each teacup gets an even share of tea and each cup of tea has the same taste.) Even when only a few drops of tea water is left, the person serving tea should not stop serving; he/her should drip the tea water into all the te

59、acups in turn to the last drop.,Gongfu tea: Drinking Process,The person serving the tea should take the teapot handle with his/her thumb and middle finger, push the teapot lid open with his/her forefinger, and make the tea water drip up by means of air pressure. When drinking tea, one should not drink it up all at once; he/she should first smell it, taste it, then drink it slowly. One should strictly follow the rules, otherwise he/she would be considered as ignorant of tea etiquette.,Tea and Chinese