《医学英语》课件：basic rules for building and defining medical words

1、BASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORD,Ye Wei Wen Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital 2014,A Little Quiz,Give the meaning of following components of the word: acou- (to hear) aden-/adeno- (gland) adip-/adipo- (fat) ambi- (both) andr-/andro- (male, man),A Little Quiz(continued),Ant-/anti- (against) Ante-/antero- (befor

2、e, signifying before in time or place) Appendico- 附属物 (appendage) Athero- 粥样 (gruel) Atmo- (vapor or steam),A Little Quiz,Blephar-/blepharo- 眼睑 (eyelid) Bronchiolo- (windpipe) Cephal- (head) Cervico- (neck, or cervix) Chondri- 软骨 (cartilage),A Little Quiz,Costo- 肋 (rib) Crani-/cranio- (skull) Crypto

3、- 隐 cryptococcus (concealed, hidden) Eu- (good, normal) Gangli-/ganglio- ( knot),Language: Historical Development of Medical Terminology,Greek and Latin terms Eponyms Modern language,LEARNING,MEMORIZE LEARN WORD PARTS MEMORIZE MEMORIZE,Medical Terminology or Med Terms is the vocabulary used in the w

4、orld of healthcare. There are various components of Med Terms Abbreviations Prefixes Suffixes Root Words Acronyms首字母缩略词,ABBREVIATIONS,Shortened forms of words, usually just letters. Sometimes abbreviations may be just a letter that represents a word Can be combined to create an order or direction So

5、me abbreviations are symbols,Examples of Abbreviations,a - before p - after c - with s - without Some letters have a line over the letter and some do not,Letters of Abbreviations,abd abdomen bil lateral ck check ea each in- inch prn whenever necessary,Used as a Direction,ck TPR q4h Check Temperature

6、, Pulse, and Respiration every four hours Shorten version to give a direction, saves time and easier to write,Symbols in Healthcare, male increase or above number less than change,Examples of Using Symbols in Healthcare,23 y/o - 23 year old male Hold med if BP 90/60 hold medication if blood pressure

7、 less than 90 over 60.,DO NOT USE THESE DANGEROUS ABBREVIATIONS or DOSE DESIGNATIONSThese Abbreviations/Dose Expressions are NOT to be used when making any hand-written entries in the medical record.,FOUR WORD PARTS,WORD ROOTS SUFFIXES PREFIXES COMBINING VOWELS,BASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORD,Simple r

8、ules for medical word to follow Some words are exceptions to the rules Few medical terminology subject to irregularities Four elements needed to be identified: word root, combining form, suffix, and prefix,BASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORD,This section contains the prefixes conveying sense of negation )

9、 eg. in/ability,BASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORD (Prefix),PREFIXES OF POSITION Ante, pre, and pro ( before, in front) epi ( above, upon) hypo, infra and sub( under , below) inter ( between) meso, medi (middle) post- (behind, after) retro- ( backward, behind),BASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORD (Prefix),PREFI

10、XES OF NUMBER AND MEASUREMENT bi- ,ambi-,di- two or double, or both dipl-, diplo- double or twofold hemi-(sagittal), semi-(transection) one half hyper- excessive macro- large micro- small, mini,BASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORD (Prefix),PREFIXES OF NUMBER AND MEASUREMENT mono-, uni- unilatral one primi-

11、 first tri-, three quadri- ,tetra- four penta-, pent- five hex-, hexa- six multi-, poly- many, much,BASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORD (Prefix),PREFIXES OF DIRECTION ab- away from ad- toward circum-, peri- around ec-, ex- out, or out from dia-, trans- across, through,BASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORD (Prefix

12、),PREFIXES OF DIRECTION para- near, beside, or beyond ecto-, exo-, outside endo-, intra- in, or within super-,supra- above, excessive,BASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORD(Prefix),OTHER PREFIXES anti-, contra- against brady- slow tachy- rapid,swift, or quick dys-, mal- bad, difficult,unlucky eu- good, norma

13、l hetero- different,BASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORD (Prefix),OTHER PREFIXES homo- same pan- all pseudo- false holo-, hol- whole, entire, or complete syn-, sym- union, together, joined SYM- just before the appearance of B, P, PH, or M,BASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORD,Abdomin- /abdomino- denoting relations

14、hip to the abdomen,BASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORD,Acou- denoting relationship to hearing (acoustic duct),BASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORD,Aden-/adeno- denoting relationship to a gland or glands (thyroid gland),BASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORD,Angio- denoting relationship to vessel Angio/gram (descending ao

15、rtic aneurysm) Angio/graphy,BASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORD,Angio-, Arteri-, Arterio- denoting to vessel (coronary artery ),BASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORD,Arth-, arthr-, arthro- denoting relationship to a joint, or articulation of the skeleton,BASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORD,Bronch-, bronchi- denoting br

16、onchus (windpipe) Bronchiolo- denoting bronchiolus Trache- (windpipe) relating to the trachea,BASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORD,Cardi-, cardia-, cardio- relating to heart,BASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORD,Crani-, Cranio- Relationship to cranium Cerebello-, Cerebr-, cerebri-, cerebrio- Relating to cerebellum

17、 Cephal-, cephalo- Relationship to the head,BASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORD,Dactyl-, dactylo- denoting to fingers, and sometimes to the toes,BASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORD,Derm-, derma-,dermat-, dermato-, dermo- Relationship to skin,BASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORD,Dent-, denta-, dento-, denti- denoting t

18、o a tooth or the teeth (dentist, dentistry, dentalgia牙痛, denture),BASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORD,Duodeno- Relationship to duodenum ( about 12 finger-breadths in length),BASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORD,Embry-, embryo- denoting to the embryo,BASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORD,Enter-, entero- Relationship to t

19、he intestine,BASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORD,Gastr-, gastro- denoting relationship to the stomach or abdomen,BASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORD,Gloss-, glosso- Relating to the tongue,BASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORD,Gonad-, gonado- Relating to the gonads Gyn-,gyne-,gyneco-,gyno- Relationship to woman or to th

20、e female sex,BASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORD,Hyster-, hystero-, metra-, metro- denoting the uterus or hysteria Ischio- denoting to the ischium or the hip Karyo- (nut, nucleus) denoting relationship to the nucleus Kerat-, kerato- denoting the cornea, or horney tissue or cells,BASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL W

21、ORD,ileo- ( to roll up, twist) denoting relationship to the ileum Jejuno- (empty) denoting relationship to the jejunum,BASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORD,Kine-, kinesio-, kin- (movement) Kineto- ( moving , movable) Kino- ( to move) denoting relationship to the movement or motion,BASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL

22、WORD,Laryng-,laryngo- (larynx) denoting the relationship to the larynx,BASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORD,Lip-, lipo- (fat) denoting relationship to fat, or lipid Lith-, litho- (stone) relating to stone or calculus, or to calcification Lymph-, lympho- (clear spring or river water) relating to lymph,BASIC

23、 ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORD,Mammo-(the mothers breast) relationship to the breast (usually mammary gland) Mast-, masto- (breast) relationship to the breast,BASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORD,Naso- (nose) Rhin-, rhino- (nose) relating to the nose,BASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORD,Neph-, nephr-, nephro-, reno- (k

24、idney)relating to the kidney Pyel-, pyelo-(trough, pelvis) relating to the renal pelvis,BASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORD,Oculo-, Ophthalm-, Ophthalmo- Opo- denoting relationship to the eye,BASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORD,Didym-, didymo- (twin) Orchi-, orchid- Orchido-, orchio- (testis) denoting relations

25、hip to the testes,BASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORD,Hepat-, hepatico-,hepato- relating to the liver Pancreat-, Pancreatico-, Pancreato- Pancreo- relating to the pancreas,BASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORD,Ossi-, ost-, oste-, osteo- (bone) relating to bone,BASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORD,Pelvi- (bowl) denoting

26、relation- ship to the pelvis,BASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORD,Pneumo-,Pneumon-, Pneumono- (lung) Pulmo-, pulmono- (organ of aspiration) indicating relationship to the lung or lungs,BASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORD,Podo-, Pod- (foot) meaning foot or foot- shaped, or relating to the foot,BASIC ELEMENTS OFME

27、DICAL WORD,Pharyng-, Pharyngo- (throat) signifying relationship to the pharynx,BASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORD,Colo- (colon) relating to the colon Proct-, procto- (anus) relating to the anus, frequently ,the rectum Recto-, (straight) denoting to the rectum,BASIC ELEMENTS OFMEDICAL WORD,Spondyl-, Spondylo- Vertebro- (to turn, vertebra) denoting relationship to the vertebrae or spinal column,BASIC EL