英语语音：U12 ,14 English Intonation I.ppt

1、Unit 12 & 14 English Intonation (I),Intonation (语调) / tune (调子),Intonation: the rise and fall of the voice during speech. Three commonly-seen tunes in English: A. the falling tune 降调 B. the rising tune 升调 C: the falling-rising tune 降升调,Two transcription systems of English intonation:,The first syste

2、m: dots and curves represent stressed syllables represent unstressed syllables curves pitch movement upper and lower limit of ones voice Examples:,The second system: strokes (笔画) and lines the stressed syllable of the important word (=stressed content or sometimes function word) % the stressed sylla

3、ble before the first important word, or right after the fall. the fall the rise the fall-rise,Some Examples:,The falling tune (降调),1.If there is only one word, which is a single-syllable word (e.g. No.), in the word group, the voice falls within the syllable. 2. If the word has more than one syllabl

4、e (e.g. Excellent.), the voice either falls within the stressed syllable or jumps down from that syllable to the next.,3. If there is more than one word in the word group (e.g. There were so many people there with her.), (1) the stressed syllable of the first important word is the highest in pitch (

5、句中第一个关键词的重读音节的音高最高 ). (2) the stressed syllable of the next important word is a little lower than the previous one in pitch (第一个关键词重读音节之后，其他关键词的重读音节，其音高依次递降 ). (3) all the following unstressed syllables are on the same pitch with the previous important word (每两个关键词重读音节之间的非重读音节的音高，和前面一个重读音节的音高相同 ). (

6、4) all syllables before the first important word are low (第一个关键词重读音节之前的所有音节都声调低平). (5) all syllables after the last important word are low (最后一个关键词重读音节之后的所有音节都声调低平). (6) the fall occurs at the last stressed syllable (在最后一个关键词重读音节上降调),总之，降调的特点是头(第一个关键词重读音节之前)尾(最后一个关键词重读音节之后)低平，第一个关键词重读音节音调最高，在最后一个关键重

7、读音节上降调，中间各关键词的音高按楼梯状递降。 图示：, ,Falling tune:,It was a very cold day. _ _,You neednt have told him. _ _,Intonation Marking: Falling tune Its MINE. It was NINE OCLOCK. I was in LONDON on SUNDAY. Hes STUDYING FRENCH. She was GOING AWAY. Well GO for a WALK. He WANTS some BEEF. Im afraid I CANT. START DOI

8、NG it NOW.,COME to the BLACKBOARD. WRITE it TO MORROW. WHO is COMING to DINNER? WHO is GIVING us a TALK? WHEN will you be READY? WHAT would you LIKE? WHERE are the KIDS STAYING? WHY are you LEAVING in such a HURRY? HOW was the WEEKEND? WHOSE BOOK are you READING? WHICH BUS did you TAKE?,The rising t

9、une (升调),1. If there is only one word, which is a single-syllable word (e.g. Two.), in the word group, the voice rises from a low pitch to just above the middle of the voice. 2. If the last important word is followed by one or many other syllables, the stressed syllable of the last important word is

10、 low, and each following syllable is a little higher, the last one being on a fairly high note.(若句子最后一个关键词后有其他音节，从最后一个关键词的重读音节开始，逐个词升调) (e.g. Have you posted it to him?). 总之，升调的特点是，头(第一个关键词重读音节之前) 低平，第一个关键词重读音节音调最高，中间各关键词的音高按楼梯状下降，从最后一个关键词重读音节开始升调，到句末升到中等音高的位置。 图示：, ,Rising tune:,It was a very cold

11、day. _ _,You neednt have told him. _ _,Intonation Marking: Rising tune Are you HUNGRY? Are they NEW here? Would you LIKE some? Can I SIT here? Are they COMING? Were they LATE last NIGHT? Do you WORK for the NEWS? Do you WORK in the EVENING?,Did I HEAR you CORRECTLY? Are you LOOKING for a CAR? Can I

12、TRY it OUT? Did you DO it on the COMPUTER? Are you TAKING a VACATION in the SUMMER? Do you WANT some YOGURT? Did he SEE his FRIEND? Are your PARENTS THROWING a PARTY for your BIRTHDAY? Did you HEAR her YESTERDAY? Do you BELIEVE it? Did you TAKE the JOB?,The falling-rising tune (降升调),1.（单音节词的降升调读法） I

13、f there is only one word, which is a single-syllable word (e.g. Five.), the voice falls from rather high to low, and then a rise to the middle of the voice.,Five,2. （多音节词的降升调读法） If there is only one word, which has more than one syllable (e.g. twenty ) (e.g. Seventy ) , the falling part takes place

14、on the nuclear syllable, and the rising part takes place towards the end of the syllables after the nucleus and extends up to the last syllable of all. （注：降调开始之处，即为调核nucleus）,3. （词组的降升调读法）In a word group, if the stressed syllable of the last important word is followed by one or several unstressed sy

15、llables, the fall is on the stressed syllable of the last important word and the rise is on the last syllable of all (e.g. Seventy of them.) （如果一个词组中，最后一个关键词的重读音节后面跟着几个非重读音节，那么降调和升调分开，在这个重读音节开始降调，在最后一个非重读音节上升调。） （注：该种情况，调核nucleus在最后一个实词的重读音节上）,4. （句子的降升调读法）在采用降升调的句子中，调核可以处于句子最后一个实词的重读音节上，例如： 但是有时候会根

16、据强调信息的需要而发生前移。例如：,总之，一般情况下，降升调的特点是，头(第一个关键词重读音节之前) 低平，第一个关键词重读音节音调最高，中间各关键词的音高按楼梯状下降，在最后一个关键词的重读音节开始降调，到最后一个重读音节(若没有，就是全句最后一个音节)开始升调，到句末升到中等音高的位置。 图示：, ,总结：,Intonation Marking: Falling-rising tune THATS GOOD. Its BEAUTIFUL. TRY it. PLEASE. USUALLY. He USED to. Well WAIT. Well WAIT for TOM. Well WAIT

17、 for TOM.（和前面一句话对比，调核提前，强调信息不同） I said NOW.,Theyd AR RIVED. I can READ it. TOM is going to STAY. Ive got some LETTERS to WRITE. Hes CLEVER. Its IM POSSIBLE. The TEACHERS are COMING. Im afraid I CANT. NOBODY is LEAVING. SUNDAY will DO. It SOUNDS WONDERFUL.,To sum up:,The English intonation of an Engl

18、ish sentence containing a number of level tones takes the form of a slowly descending series of stressed syllables interspersed with unstressed ones. 总之，在英式英语中，句子的第一个关键词的重读音节是最高音，然后句子主体的语调是逐渐降调（gradual descent），首先每个词组word group中，重读音节后面跟着几个音高相同的弱读音节，然后许多这样的词组（重读音节+几个同音高的弱读音节）连在一起构成句子，每个词组中的重音音节的音调都比前个