名词种类及单复数变化

1、,个体名词：,boy, girl, teacher, school, book, room, pen, pencil, desk, apple,具体可见的，可以数出数量的个体。,二. 名词种类与名词的数,1）所有的专有名词都是不可数名词。 2）个体名词通常都是可数的。 3）集体名词和成双成对的名词永远用作复数。 people, police, trousers, glasses 4）物质名词和抽象名词为不可数名词。,特殊情况：,.有些名词,如: family, class, team等既可 用作单数又可用作复数。 当强调整体时，常用作单数； 当强调整体中的各个成员时，常为复数。例： the f

2、amily is quite big. 这是个大家庭。 the family are enjoying themselves in the park. 家里的每个人都玩得很高兴。,2）有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数,词，但词义有所不同。,sand 沙 sands 沙滩,wood 木头 woods 森林,fish 鱼肉 fish 鱼,orange 橙汁 an orange桔子,chicken 鸡肉 a chicken小鸡,room 空间、余地a room房间,三. 可数名词复数变化规则,sum up:以,s、x 、ch 、sh,结尾的名词,在其词尾加es,potato,some potato

3、es,tomato,five tomatoes,sum up: 以辅音字母加结尾的名词，在其词尾加es.但photo、piano(钢琴)除外，photos, pianos.,knife,four knives,leaf,some leaves,sum up:以,f或fe结尾的名词要将f或fe变为,v再加,es.,baby,five babies,boy,three boys,以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，要变y为i再加es.,4. 以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f为v，再加-es，如：,knifeknives，leafleaves, halfhalves,5.以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”，再加

4、-es,如：,citycities, factoryfactories,但注意：以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s，,如：boyboys, daydays,6. 不规则变化,man-men, woman-women,foot-feet, tooth-teeth,child-children, ox-oxen，mouse-mice,fish-fish, sheep-sheep, deer-deer,7.表示国籍名词单复数变化规律 chinese,chinese,japanese,japanese,frenchman,frenchmen,englishman,englishmen,germa

5、n,germans,american,americans,egyptian,egyptians,russian,russians,italian,italians,四. 不可数名词数量的表示,练习,1. what do you want? i want_. a. piece of breadb.two piece of bread c.a breadd.some bread 2 ._is standing at the corner of the street. a. a policeb.the police c. policed.a policeman,3. can you see nine

6、 _ in the picture?,a.sheep b.dog c.pig d.horse,4. the _ has two _.,a.boys, watches b.boy, watch,c.boy, watchesd.boys,watch,5. both marx and engles were_.,a.germanb.germans,c.germany d.from german,3. can you see nine _ in the picture?,a.sheep b.dog c.pig d.horse,4. the _ has two _.,a.boys, watches b.

7、boy, watch,c.boy, watchesd.boys,watch,5. both marx and engles were_.,a.germanb.germans,c.germany d.from german,6. every morning before he leaves, his mother would put some _ in his bag.,a. orangeb. oranges,7. we all believe that our team _ the strongest of all.,a. isb. are,a. orangeb. oranges,7. we

8、all believe that our team _ the strongest of all.,a. isb. are,6. every morning before he leaves, his mother would put some _ in his bag.,名词所有格,名词所有格的分类,名词所有格可分为三种： 1、有生命名词的所有格 2、无生命名词的所有格 3、双重所有格,名词所有格 一、有生命的名词所有格 ： s + 名词 “的” a . 当名词不是s 结尾时，用 s lucys hair / my mothers bag lucy的头发 / 我妈妈的袋子 b. 当名词是s

9、结尾时，则用 s students reading room 学生们的阅览室 workers club 工人俱乐部 注意：womens day 妇女节 childrens day 儿童节 teachers day 教师节,c. 表示时间、距离、国家、城市的名词，加s 构成所有格 five minutes walk= a five-minute walk eight miles journey= an 8-mile journey d. 双重所有格 : of+名词所有格 / of + 名词性的物主代词 a friend of mine, an old photo of my fathers. e. 共同所有格与个体所有格： 共有的东西,所有格也共有; 分开的东西,所有格也分开. shes tom and jims mother. (同一个母亲) theyre toms and jims mothers. ( 各自的母亲),二、表示无生命的名词所有格 用 “of “ 教室的门 the door of the classroom 山顶 the top of the hill 树叶 the leaves of the tree 社会的发展 the development of the society 书的封面 the cover of a book,双重所有格,双重所有格由“