complex sentence ppt.ppt

1、COMPLEX SENTENCE,Definition:,A complex sentence is a sentence with one independent clause and at least onedependent clause.,由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成,Features: A complex sentence always has a subordinator（主从连词）such as because, since, after, although, or when or a relative pronoun such as that, who, or whic

2、h,TYPES,1). Attributive Clause(定语从句） 2). Adverbial Clause(状语从句) 3). Noun Clause(名词性从句),Attributive Clause （定语从句）,Restrictive Attributive Clause （限定性定语从句）,Nonrestrictive Attributive Clause （非限定性定语从句）,Nonrestrictive Attributive Clause （非限制性定语从句）,1. (修饰人) 主语 用who, 宾语 用whom, 定语 用whose The old man has a

3、son , who is in the army .,2.(修饰物)一律用which, 而不用that, 有时可用as The sun heats the earth , which makes it possible for plants to grow . which引导的非限定性定语从句是用来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分 As is reported in the newspaper ，some artistic treasures(艺术珍品） will be on show at the exhibition on the weekend. as的一些常用结构. as has

4、 been said above 如上所述 as was expected 正如预料的那样 as has been pointed out 正如指出的那样 as we all can see （know, hear）正如大家看到的（知道的、听到的）那样。,Restrictive Attributive Clause （限制性定语从句）,限制性定语从句对所修饰的先行项起限制作用， 在意义上与先行项密切不可分。如被省去，主 句的意思就含糊不清，甚至变得毫无意义。关 系词和先行项之间一般不用逗号分隔。,The tall man who is playing basketball is Yao Min

5、g . That is the girl (whom) i met at the party yesterday. Is this the boy whose parents went to Canada last year. I shall never forget the day when we first met in a park . My favorite city is Beijing where i can visit the Great Wall. This is the reason why you should leave .,The Adverbial Clause （状

6、语从句）,地点状语从句： Where I live there are plenty of trees.WhereverI amI will be thinking of you.,方式状语从句： As water is to fish, so air is to man. He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.,原因状语从句： He is absent today, because / for he is ill Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our

7、journey.,时间状语从句 When/While/As I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of No.37. After they had finished their work , they went home. As soon as we got home ,it began to rain.,比较状语从句 She is as tall as I（or me） I will help you rather than that you（should）have any trouble,结果状语从句：

8、 The boy is so young that he cant go to school.He is such a young boy that he cant go to school,条件状语从句： Lets go out for a walk unless you are too tired.If you are not too tied, lets go out for a walk.,让步状语从句： Althoughits raining, they are still working in the field.,目的状语从句： You must speak louder so

9、that /in order that you can be heard by all. Bettertake more clothes in case the weather is cold.,The Noun Clause （名词性从句）,Object Clause（宾语从句） Subject Clause（主语从句） Predicative Clause （表语从句） Appositive Clause （同位语从句）,Object Clause（宾语从句）,1.做动词的宾语 I think (that) you will like the pictures. （连接词that无意义，在

10、从句中不充当任何成分，可以省略） 当宾语从句（通常是由that引导的宾语从句）有一宾语补足语时， 常用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句置于句末。 I feel it important that they finish their own task in time.,2.做介词宾语 They are worrying about whether they can get there in time. You can write about whatever topic you can think of.,3. 做形容词宾语 Are you sure what you will do next? I

11、m afraid that he will fail in the exam.,Subject Clause(主语从句）,定义:在句子中担当主语的是一个从句,这个从句就叫做主语从句。,主语从句的位置: 1.主语从句可以直接放在主语位置上； 2.用it作形式主语，而将从句放在谓语的后面（特别是谓语较短时）。 that引导的主语从句用it作形式主语尤为多见。,e.g. What you said yesterday is right. That light travels in straight lines is known to all. It is known to all that ligh

12、t travels in straight lines.,Predicative Clause （表语从句）,e.g. The question is whether the book is worth reading at all. It looks that (as if ) it is going to rain. It seems that all of the students have done their homework. The question remains whether we should accept their invitation,结构：主语+连系动词+表语从句

13、,be ,seem, remain, look等,Appositive Clause （同位语从句）,在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。 同位语从句一般用that, whether，what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等词引导，常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish, promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion等抽象名词后面， 说明该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语

14、从句和所修饰的名词在 内容上为同一关系，对其内容作进一步说明。,e.g. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. 析：they had won the game说明The news的全部内容，因此该句为同位语从句。,正确运用同位语从句的引导词，准确把握同位语从句,1.如同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。 （即that 不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，不可省略） The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.,2.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“是否”的含义，应