verb tenses 动词时态 2.ppt

1、Verb tenses,1. Introduction of verb tenses 2. Consistency of verb tenses,1. Introduction of verb tenses,1 Simple Form (一般式) 2Progressive Form (进行式) 3Perfect Form (完成式),Verb tenses,现以“I”为主语，“do”为动词，把这十二种时态以实例表达如下：（例序即为时态的次序） 1I do it every day. （我每天做这样的事。） 2I did it yesterday. （昨天我做了这件事。） 3I shall/wi

2、ll do it tomorrow. （明天我要做这件事。） 4I am doing it now. （现在我正在做这件事。） 5I was doing it at that time. （当时我正在做这件事。） 6I shall/will be doing it at 9：00 tomorrow morning. （明天早晨九时我会正在做这件事。）,7I have done it already. （我已把这件事做好了。） 8I had done it before I went home yesterday. （昨天我在回家之前就把那件工作做完了。） 9I shall/will have

3、done it before you come back tomorrow. （在你明天回来之前我就已经完成了）,The 5 most common tenses,Simple present(一般现在时) Simple past（一般过去时） Simple future（一般将来时） Present progressive（现在进行时） Present perfect（现在完成时）,一般现在时（simple present）,1一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作：we always care for each other and help each other。2现在的特征或状态：He lo

4、ves sports。I major in arts。 3普遍真理：The moon moves round the earth。,一般过去时(Simple past),一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的动作或情况（包括习惯性动作）When did she leave? She often came to help us.,一般将来时(simple future),一般将来时表示将要发生的动作和情况： I will (shall) arrive tomorrow.Will you be busy tonight?,现在进行时(present progressive),现在进行时主要表示现在或现在

5、这一阶段正在进行的动作。hes showing a foreign guest round the city。 现在进行时表将来动作。 The train is arriving。火车就要进站了。The old man is dying。老头病危了。,现在完成时(present perfect),1 到现在为止的这一时期中发生的情况How many pages have you covered today?I havent seen him for many days. 2. 对现状有影响的某一已发生的动作：I have seen the film many times.The city ha

6、s taken on a new look. Exercises for consistency on page 81,BACK,2. Consistency of verb tenses,In general . . . Do not switch from one tense to another unless the timing of an action demands that you do. Keep verb tense consistent in sentences, paragraphs, and essays.,Consistency of verb tenses,1.Ve

7、rb tense consistency on the sentence level 2. Verb tense consistency on the paragraph level 3. Verb tense consistency on the essay level,1. Verb tense consistency on the sentence level,Keep tenses consistent within sentences. Do not change tenses when there is no time change for the action.,Since th

8、ere is no indication that the actions happened apart from one another, there is no reason to shift the tense of the second verb.,Incorrect,Correct,Note another example.,The above sentence means that Mary walks into a room at times. The action is habitual present. The second action happens when the f

9、irst one does. Therefore, the second verb should be present as well.,Incorrect,Correct,BACK,2. Verb tense consistency on the paragraph level,Generally, establish a primary tense and keep tenses consistent from sentence to sentence. Do not shift tenses between sentences unless there is a time change

10、that must be shown.,All actions in the above paragraph happen in the present except for the future possibility dependent upon a present action taking place: If a cat sees the bird, the cat will kill it.,Present tense paragraph,All of the actions in the above paragraph happen in the past except for t

11、he possibility dependent upon one action taking place: If a cat saw the bird, thecat would kill it.,Past tense paragraph,BACK,3. Verb tense consistency on the essay level,a. Use present tense when writing essays about: your own ideas factual topics the action in a specific movie, play, or book,YOUR

12、OWN IDEAS,FACTUAL TOPIC,b. Use past tense when writing about past events completed studies or findings, arguments presented in scientific literature,EXAMPLE - PAST EVENT,Note the justified use of present tense in the last sentence (shown in blue).,3. Use future tense when writing about an event that will occur in the future.,Example Future events,Remember . . . Chang