英语国家社会与文化入门unit.ppt

1、英语国家社会与文化入门（上册）,The Society and Culture of Major English-Speaking Countries An Introduction (Book One),The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandUnit 4 Politics, Class and Race,Give the English and a brief explanation for the following: 卫报 保守党 环境保护 自由民主党 京都议定书,Quiz,The general election

2、s -Importance of the general elections - Procedure of the general elections The political parties and recent political problems and trends - The Labor Party - The Conservative Party - The Liberal Democratic Party UK policy on environmental protection Social Class in British society Ethnic relations

3、in Britain,Focal Points,The Unit is Divided into Five Sections,I. The General Elections in Britain II. The Political Parties and Recent Political problems and Trends III. UK Policy on Environmental Protection IV. Social Class in British Society V. Ethnic Relations in Britain,The Unit Is Divided into

4、 Five Sections,I The General Elections,Importance of the general elections - The citizens right to vote for the candidate of their choice to represent them in parliament - The election seen as an opportunity to influence future government policy Formation of the government - 650 MPs representing 650

5、 constituencies - The party with majority seats in parliament forming the government - The government standing for no more than 5 years except in exceptional circumstances,I The General Elections,Requirements for being a candidate: - Anyone who is eligible to vote can stand as a MP in principle. - C

6、andidates with political backgrounds tend to get more votes than an independent candidate. - People who want to make an impact in national politics must usually join one of the big parties and apply to be chosen as their candidate in one of the constituencies.,I The General Elections,Procedure of th

7、e general elections: - Every one on the “electoral register” gets a voting card in mail with details of when and where to vote. - The political parties get their electoral campaigns, including advertising in newspapers, on TV, door-do-door campaigning and postal deliveries of leaflets. - People go t

8、o their stations and take a card with the candidates names listed on it. Then they put an “X” beside the name of the candidate of their choice and insert it into the sealed box through a slit in the top.,The General Elections,Britains Prime Minister Gordon Brown is joined by his wife Sarah after he

9、gave his final campaign speech to Labour Party supporters in Dumfries, Scotland May 5, 2010.,The General Elections,BritainsConservativePartyleaderDavidCameronaddressed thefinalcampaignrally inBristol,southwestEngland,on May5,2010.,The General Elections,People queued for hours to vote in the 2010 ele

10、ction, The Political Parties and Recent Political Problems and Trends,The Labor Party The Conservative Party The Labor Party The Liberal Democratic Party Recent political problems and trends - In the 1970s, bad economy with high inflation and low growth - In the 1980s, the privatization of nationali

11、zed industry - In the mid-90s, steady economic growth and reducing unemployment figures,The Labor Party,Founded in1900, the Labor Party is a centre-left political party in the UK. Its also the newest party which grew out of the trade union movement and socialist political parties of the 19th century

12、. Its a socialist party, believing that a society should be relatively equal in economic terms and that the government should redistribute the wealth between the rich and the poor.,The Leader of the Labor Party,Born in London, Ed. Miliband graduated fromCorpus Christi Collegeat the University of Oxf

13、ord, and theLondon School of Economics. Miliband was promoted to the post ofSecretary of State for Energy and Climate Change from 2008 to 2010. On September 25, 2010, he waselected Leader of the Labor Party.,The Conservative Party,The Conservative Party was founded in 1834 and was one of two dominan

14、t parties in the 19th century. Its a centre-right political party that states that it espouses the philosophies of conservatism and British unionism. Its basically the party of the individual, protecting the individuals right to get wealth and spend it as they want. It advocates economic policies wh

15、ich are favorable to businessmen.,The Leader of the Conservative Party,David William Donald Cameron ( born 9 October 1966) is thePrime Minister of the United Kingdom andLeader of the Conservative Party. Cameron studiedPhilosophy, Politics and economics , at Brasenose College, Oxford in 1988. He won

16、theConservative leadership election in 2005. In the2010 United Kingdom general election, Cameron formed acoalition with the Liberal Democrats.,The Former Leader of the Conservative Party,Margaret Thatcher (19252013): She was the Prime Minister from 1979-1990 and the Leader of the Conservative Party

17、from1975-1990. She was the longest-serving British PM of the 20th century and is the only woman to have held the office.,The Liberal Democrats,The Liberal Democrats are the third biggest party and may be seen as a party of the “middle”, occupying the ideological ground between the two main parties.

18、They are comparatively flexible and pragmatic in their balance of the individual and the social. They emphasize the need for change in Britains constitu- tional arrangements to make the government more democratic and accountable.,The Leader of the Liberal Democrats,Nicholas William PeterNickClegg (1

19、967-) is aBritish politician who since 2010 has been Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom at the general election. Clegg has been theleader of theLiberal Democrats since 2007.,III UK Policy on Environmental Protection,Kyoto Protocol in 1997 Climate Change Program in 2000 The Climate Change Ac

20、t in 2008 UK Low Carbon Transition Plan in 2009 A High Level Advisory Group on Climate Change Financing in 2010 Household Energy Management Strategy in 2010,Household Energy Management Strategy,By 2015, every household will have installed loft and cavity wall insulation to save energy. By 2020, more

21、 than 7 million homes will have received more substantial eco-upgrades.,Environmental Protection,Tough action to protect Englands beaches and 3.6 bn seaside economy.,Environmental Protection,Environment Agency forces Dudley company to stop operating.,Sea trout return to the River Leven after a centu

22、ry of absence.,Common Agricultural Policy Greening Criteria Have Been Announced.,Under new EU regulations, known as greening, farmers must ensure that 5 per cent of their land is set aside as an Ecological Focus Area (EFA), instead of being used for farming.,IV Social Class in British Society,Class

23、divisions in Britain: -Middle class: office or white collar workers -Working class: manual or blue collar workers -Lower-middle class: unskilled office workers and well-paid manual workers - Upper-middle class: doctors, lawyers and so on The hereditary aristocracy Life peers,Social Class in British

24、Society,The Hereditary Aristocracy: A distinctive characteristics of the British class- system is that it has retained a hereditary aristocracy. Children from these families are entitled to inherit its title as well as fortune. The senior tier of the aristocracy also inherit the right to sit and vot

25、e in the House of Lords. Life peers: Those whore made of recognition for achievement in UK society are lords for their lifetime but their children cant inherit the title. .,Social Class in British Society,Higher education is one of the most distinguishing features of the middle classes.,Social Class

26、 in British Society,Oil workers are drilling in the North Sea.,V Ethnic Relations in Britain,About 5% of British citizens from non-European ethnic groups; Majority of recent immigrants from South Asia and Caribbean countries; British culture such as food, music, writing and religion enriched by immigrants; Immigrants facing higher unemployment than the white; Tense ethnic relations.,Mixed United Kingdom Ethnicity Category,Total population England -1,192,879 (2