英语专业高级英语第二册Lesson2课件.ppt

1、Unit 3 Pub Talk and the Kings English,Aims,To learn the methods in developing an expository writing,esp. the use of examples To know how to make good conversation To trace the history of the Kings English To analyse the features of spoken English To appreciate the language features,Teaching Contents

2、,1. Background information 2. Study of the text,1. Background information,1.1 The Author: Henry Fairlie 1.2 The Washington Post 1.3 The History of Britain,The Author: Henry Fairlie (1924-90),A British political journalist and social critic,Best known for coining the term the Establishment, （权威人士的统称；

3、当权派）an analysis of how all the right people came to run Britain largely through social connections, he spent 36 years as a prominent freelance writer on both sides of the Atlantic, appearing in The Spectator（旁观者，英国周刊）, The New Republic, The Washington Post, The New Yorker, and many other papers and

4、magazines.,The Washington Post (1),Front page for Sunday, October 25, 2009.,Type: Daily newspaper Format: Broadsheet(大幅纸张 ) Owner: Washington Post Company Founded: 1877 Headquarters: 1150 15th Street, N.W. Washington, D.C.,United States Circulation: 673,180 Daily 890,163 Sunday (Apr. 2008),The Washi

5、ngton Post (2),The Washington Post is Washington, D.C.s largest newspaper and its oldest, founded in 1877. Located in the capital of the United States, The Post has a particular emphasis on national politics. The Post is generally regarded among the leading daily American newspapers, along with The

6、New York Times, which is known for its general reporting and international coverage, and The Wall Street Journal, which is known for its financial reporting. The Post has distinguished itself through its political reporting on the workings of the White House, Congress, and other aspects of the U.S.

7、government.,The Washington Post (3),Perhaps the most notable incident in the Posts history was when, in the early 1970s, reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein led the American medias investigation into what became known as the Watergate scandal. The newspapers reporting greatly contributed to th

8、e resignation of U.S. President Richard Nixon. As of September 2009, its average weekday circulation was 582,844, according to the Audit Bureau of Circulations(发行审核局 ), making it the fifth largest newspaper in the country by circulation, behind USA Today, The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times,

9、 and the Los Angeles Times.,The History of Britain,1.The native people in Britain Celts - Celt (language) 2. Roman Conquest 43 AD, ruled for 400 years Latin (language),The History of Britain,3. In 449 Angles, Saxon, and Jutes from Northwest of Germany , conquered the most part of England English - o

10、ld English,The History of Britain,4. 9th century, Scandinavian conquest Danish (language) 5. 11th century Norman Conquest for 400 years French (language) 6. British people conquered the conquest again. English won its recognition. *http:/www.bbc.co.uk/history/timelines/britain/o_neo_bronze.shtml *,2

11、. Study of the Text,2.1 The Title 2.2 The Theme 2.3 Detailed Study of the Text 2.4 Organizational Pattern 2.5 Stylistic Analysis,Pub (1),A public house, informally known as a pub, is an establishment licensed to serve alcoholic drinks for consumption on the premises(店内) in countries and regions of B

12、ritish influence. A pub that offers lodging may be called an inn or (more recently) hotel in the United Kingdom. Today, many pubs in the UK, Canada and Australia with the word inn or hotel in their name no longer offer accommodation, or in some cases have never done so. Some pubs bear the name of ho

13、tel because they are in countries where stringent(严厉的 ) anti-drinking laws were once in force.,2.1 The Title,Pub (2),There are approximately 53,500 public houses in the United Kingdom; a number that declines every year, so that nearly half of the smaller villages no longer have a local pub. In many

14、places, especially in villages, a pub can be the focal point of the community. In some writings the pub is described as the heart of England. Public houses are socially and culturally different from places such as cafs, bars, etc.,Pub (3),Pubs are social places based on the sale and consumption of a

15、lcoholic beverages, and most public houses offer a range of beers, wines, spirits and soft drinks. Many pubs are controlled by breweries(啤酒厂 ), so beer is often better value than wines and spirits, while soft drinks can be almost as expensive. All pubs also have a range of non-alcoholic beverages av

16、ailable. Traditionally the windows of town pubs are of smoked or frosted glass(磨砂玻璃) so that the clientle(常客) is obscured from the street. In the last twenty years in the UK and other countries there has been a move away from frosted glass towards clear glass, a trend that fits in with brighter inte

17、rior dcors.,Pub (4),The owner, tenant or manager (licensee) of a public house is known as the publican or landlord. Each pub generally has locals or regulars, the people who drink there regularly. The pub that people visit most often is called their local. In many cases, this will be the pub nearest

18、 to their home, but some people choose their local for other reasons: proximity to work, a venue for their friends, the availability of a particular drink, or a place to smoke freely, or maybe a darts(掷镖游戏 ) team or pool table(撞球台 ).,Pub (5),Until the 1970s most of the larger public houses also feat

19、ured an off-sale(外卖 ) counter or attached shop for the sales of beers, wines and spirits for home consumption. In the 1970s the newly built supermarkets and high street chain stores or off-licences(卖酒执照 ) undercut(削弱 ) the pub prices to such a degree that within ten years all but a handful of pubs h

20、ad closed their off-sale counters.,The interior of a typical English pub, showing three common features: the bar (left), an old-fashioned fireplace (left of centre), and a modern fruit machine (right),A thatched country pub, The Williams Arms, near Braunton, North Devon, England,pub,A city pub, the

21、Worlds End, Camden Town, London,pub,Questions: 1. What is the Writing style of this article? A piece of exposition.2. What is Kings English? The writer concludes: “the Kings Englishis a class representation of reality.” He means “the Kings English” is used and held up as a model or standard by the r

22、uling class, the educated people while the working people mock and jeer at it.,3. What is pub talk? Conversation held in the public house. 4. How do you comment on the title? What is the first topic the writer puts forward? The title of this piece is not very aptly chosen. It misleads the readers in

23、to thinking that the writer is going to demonstrate some intrinsic or linguistic relationship between pub talk and the kings English whereas the writer, in reality, is just discoursing on what makes good conversation.He feels that bar conversation in the pub has a charm of its own. The writer illust

24、rates his point by describing the charming conversation he had with some people one evening in a pub on the topic “the Kings English,2.2 The Theme,the opening sentence of Para 1. “Conversation is the most sociable of all human activities.” The last sentence of the last para. winds up the theme by po

25、inting out what is the bane (祸害）of good conversation - “talking sense” The real thesis - in the 3rd para. “Bar conversation has a charm of its own”. A better title would be: The Art of Good Conversation The Charms of Conversation,2.3 Detailed Study of the Text,sociable: adj. (of people) enjoying spe

26、nding time with other people 好交际的；友好的；合群的 intricate: adj. having a lot of different parts and small details that fit together 错综复杂的 indulge: v. in sth enjoy; satisfy 容许自己享受； 尽情 to take part in an activity, esp. one that is illegal 参加，参与（尤指非法活动）,Original: Conversation is the most sociable of all huma

27、n activities. And it is an activity only of humans. Paraphrase: More than any other human activity, conversation helps to promote an agreeable, pleasant and informal relationship among people. And conversation is an activity which is found only among human beings (animals and birds are not capable o

28、f conversation). E-C Translation : 人类的一切活动中，只有闲谈最宜于增进友谊，而且是人类特有的一种活动。,Para. 2 What makes good conversation? 1) it doesnt really start from anywhere: Anything can start a conversation. It does not need a special topic to start a conversation. And once started, no one knows how or where it will end.,T

29、he charm of conversationor just glows: a mixed metaphor. The writer compares “conversation” to a stream which meanders and leaps, and also to fire which glows and sparkles. metaphor meander (flow slowly turning here and there)leap - river ( jump over) meanders or leaps: (like a stream) flow placidly

30、 and aimlessly or flow swiftly and joyously onwards,metaphor sparkleglow - fire 1. small flashes2. bright lightmixed metaphor meander/ sparkle - smooth / peaceful leap / glow - exciting / heatedThe writer in the same sentence compares conversation to river and fire as well.,2) The enemy “something t

31、o say”: What spoils the conversation is people who think they have a lot of important things to say. He who would have anything important to say spoils the conversation. enemy: anything injurious or harmful,3) Conversation is not for making a point.: Conversation is not for persuading others to acce

32、pt our idea or point of view. In a conversation we should not try to establish the force of an idea or argument.4) There is no winning in conversation.: One does not try to prove himself right and others wrong. We may argue but we neednt try to convince others that they are wrong and we are right.ma

33、ke a point / make a point (make ones point): a) express ones view and try to persuade others to accept it In this case he made a point. 在这一点上，他发表了自己的观点。 b) score a point(证明论点正确 ),In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose. In fact a person who really enjoys and is skille

34、d at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his point of view.,5) They are ready to let it go.: They are ready to give up the opportunity to tell one of their best anecdotes (because the conversation has moved onto other subjects),conversationalist: n. a person who is good at t

35、alking to others, eps. in an informal way 能聊的人；健谈的人 anecdote: n. a short, interesting or amusing story about a real person or event 趣闻；逸事 in a flash: very quickly and suddenly, in a second转瞬间 e.g. The weekend seemed to be over in a flash. 那个周末转瞬即逝。 In a flash he realized that they were presents from

36、 his patients.Everything happened in a flash. a flash in a pan,Para 2,leap: v. (leapt, leapt) 1) to jump high or a long way 跳；跳跃；跳越 2) to move or do sth suddenly and quickly 猛冲；突然做某事 meander: v. 1) (of a river, road, etc.) to curve a lot rather than being in a straight line 蜿蜒而行；迂回曲折 2) to walk slow

37、ly and change direction often, esp. without a particular aim 漫步；闲逛 3) (of a conversation, discussion, etc.) to develop slowly and change subject often, in a way that makes it boring or difficult to understand 漫谈；闲聊,Para 3 the real thesis: Bar conversation has a charm of its ownQuestion: Why does the

38、 writer like bar conversation so much?1. The writer is only a frequenter (regular) of pubs.2. Bar goers are not intimate friends.(Bar or church is the place for people to make friends. Bar plays an important role in social activities in the western world.),up-bringing: the training and education rec

39、eived while growing upe.g. His upbringing explains a lot about his attitude towards women.of ones own: belong strictly to oneself e.g. She has a mind of her own. 她颇有主见。For reasons of his own, he refused to join the club. 由于某些个人理由，他拒绝参加那个俱乐部。,Bar friends are not deeply involved in each others lives.

40、People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not intimate friends for they are not deeply absorbed or engrossed in each others lives.,on the rocks: a relationship or business that is on the rocks is having difficulties and is likely to fail soon （关系或生意）陷于困境；濒临崩溃 e.g. Sues marriage

41、is on the rocks. 休的婚姻触礁。,Ancient superstition:,1. get out of bed on the wrong side: get up on the wrong side of the bed Getting out of bed on the wrong side will bring you bad luck. The wrong side is usually the left side. It was unlucky to set the left foot on the ground first on getting out of bed

42、. When one get out of bed on the wrong side, it usually means youre in the grumpy or bad mood.Go back to bed and get up on the right side.2. “Step on a spider. it is sure to rain” This superstition is told to all children, because no one wants it to rain. Spiders generally live a long and healthy li

43、fe.,3. The number 13 has often been thought to be a bad omen. People should never invite 13 guests to dinner. It is believed that one will die before the year is out . 4. Friday the 13th is day to stay at home and do nothing. It is doubly unlucky, when the 13th of the month falls on a Friday. Bad th

44、ings will happen. Many people refrain from starting activities on the 13th to make sure no evil will happen to them.,Alexandre Dumas, pre.,Born: 24 July 1802Aisne, France Died: 5 December 1870 (aged68)Puys, France Occupation: playwright and novelist Nationality: French Literary movement: Romanticism

45、 and Historical fiction Notable work(s): The Count of Monte Cristo, The Three Musketeers,Image by Maurice Leloir, 1894,The Three Musketeers (1844),The Three Musketeers (1844),Set in the 17th century, the novel recounts the adventures of a young man named dArtagnan after he leaves home to become a gu

46、ard of the musketeers. DArtagnan is not one of the musketeers of the title; those are his friends Athos, Porthos, and Aramis, inseparable friends who live by the motto “all for one, one for all (tous pour un, un pour tous).,The three Musketeers in Dumas novel are very close friends. They supported e

47、ach other with their fortune and their lives, yet they showed no curiosity in or tried to find out anything about each others private life.,delve dig, research; investigate delve into book 专研书本 delve into the past 调查过去的情况 If you delve into sth, you try to discover new information about it. recess: n

48、. C, usually pl. the part of a place that is furthest from the light and hard to see or get to 隐蔽处；幽深处 e.g. The doubt was still there, in the deep recesses of her mind. 在她的内心深处依然存有疑虑。,two kinds of language:,a) colloquial expression on the rocks get out of bed on the wrong side b) literary allusion 文

49、学典故， 引喻 in reference to a person; event; story “Musketeers of Dumas”,Para. 4,Specific example. It may be used as a transitional paragraph. In order to arouse the readers curiosity the writer didnt mention the topic until the next paragraph.,desultory,- aimless, half-hearted (fml) 散漫 Something that i

50、s desultory is done or happen in an unplanned and disorganized way, and without enthusiasm. There were some desultory attempts to defend him. He began to look desultorily for another apartment. a conversation 漫谈 research 漫无边际的研究 a walk 漫步,Para 4,commonplace: adj. ordinary, common, done very often, o

51、r existing in many places, and therefore not unusual 平凡的；普通的；普遍的；常见的 alchemy: n. U 1) a form of chemistry studied in the Middle Ages which involved trying to discover how to change ordinary metals into gold 炼金术 2) (literary) a mysterious power or magic that can change things （改变事物的）神秘力量，魔力,Para. 5,T

52、he writer passes from a general discourse on good conversation to a particular instance of it.,Para. 6,The glowinto flames: metaphor. Conversation is being compared to a fire. The conversation became spirited and exciting. affirmation: a statement of your belief in and support for them e.g. the denu

53、nciation of privilege and affirmation 指责特权 affirmation of equality 赞同平等 2) that we would look, morning: We would look up reference books (dictionaries and so on) next morning to find out the exact meaning.,It could still go ignorantly on: The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was

54、right or wrong.,Para. 7,1) It was an Australian of convicts: convict: a person who has been found guilty of a crime and sent to prison esp. for a long timean escaped convict an ex-con 前科犯 When the speaker explained the definition was given to her by an Australian, her listeners immediately made some

55、 sharp cutting replies saying it was not surprising to hear Australians talk such nonsense because they were descendants of convicts.,Black-eyed Sue and Sweet Poll of Plymouth, England mourning their lovers who are soon to be transported to Botany Bay, 1792,Para. 8,History of English. The writer her

56、e makes digression to show conversation going on without focus.,Look at the language barrier their Norman Conquerors.: The Norman rulers, king and noble peoples spoke French at court and the conquered Saxon peasants spoke English and refused to learn the French of their masters, hence they had diffi

57、culty communicating with each other.,barrier, obstacle, difficultyThe word “difficulty” is the most general and may be applied loosely to any troublesome state of affairse.g. the difficulty of driving a car through deep mud obstacle: something that one must either remove or go around before being ab

58、le to proceed e.g. The huge tree that had been blown down by the storm was an obstacle to traffic.barrier: an obstacle that temporarily impedes progress but is not necessarily impassable e.g. The thick walls and moats(护城河) of castles were built as barriers against attackers. 城堡修筑厚实的城墙及护城河都是作防御进攻的障碍物

59、。,Saxon churls: a farm laborer or peasant in early England; a term used pejoratively by the Norman conquerors to mean an ill-bred, ignorant English peasant swing: (cause to) change to a large degreee.g. She swung from happiness to tears.The value of the dollar swung downwards.,The conversation was on wings: metaphor, comparing conversation to a bird flying and soari