chapter Australia.ppt

1、Australia,Chapter 16 Geography and History,Contents,Look at the map of Australia carefully and find clues to the following items: size and location regions terrain and topography,Size and Location,the sixth largest country in the world located in Oceania, the Southern Hemisphere completely surrounde

2、d by water: lying between the Indian and Pacific Oceans north: the Timor Sea, the Arafura Sea and the Torres Strait east: the Coral Sea, the Tasman Sea south: the Bass Strait, the Indian Ocean west: the Indian Ocean,Regions,ACTAustralian Capital Territory NSWNew South Wales NTNorthern Territory QLDQ

3、ueensland SASouthern Australia TASTasmania VICVictoria WAWestern Australia,Terrain and Topography,The average elevation: 275m Mount Everest is almost four times as high as Mount Kosciuszko.,Climate,an island continent with a diverse range of climate zones north: tropical the interior: arid south: te

4、mperate Temperature: 500,Plants and Animals,indigenous plants: eucalyptus the golden wattle unique animals marsupials: kangaroo, koala, wombat monotremes: platypus and echidna (the only egg-laying mammals in the world) birds: black swan EMU lyrebird white cockatoo,Natural Landscape,Great Barrier Ree

5、f Uluru (Ayers Rock) Alice Springs Barossa Valley,History,1,2,3,4,European Exploration and Settlement,Movement toward Federation,Influence of the War,Australia in Development,European Exploration and Settlement,early exploration 1606: Torres, Spanish, Torres Strait 1642: Abel Tasman, Dutch, Tasmania

6、 Island 1688: William Dampier, British, northwest 1770: James Cook, British, Botany Bay and named it New South Wales penal settlements 1783: the American Revolution ended and Australia was established as a new penal settlement at Botany Bay in Australia. expanding colonization: Growth of sheep grazi

7、ng Gold rush treatment of aborigines: 1788: 300,000 Australian aborigines 19th and 20th century: decline steeply,Movement toward Federation,1889: NSW began the movement to replace the Federal Council. Henry Parkes, its premier, announced that the colony would support a new form of federalism. 1900:

8、the six colonies of Australia adopted a federal constitution and the Commonwealth of Australia was established.,Influence of the War,WWI: disaster to Australia 1914: total Australian men: 3 million 400,000 volunteered to the war. 60,000 died. tens of thousands wounded 1915: April 25 became the Anzac

9、 Day, a day to remind the countrys most significant day of public homage. interwar years: uneven years, Great Depression WWII: sense of confidence enhanced survived with a sense of pride postwar peace and prosperity the Snowy Mountains Scheme the Menzies Era,Australia in Development,the lucky country: postwar prosperity an employment rate of almost 100% 1967 passed le