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1、,知识点 直接引语和间接引语(),直接引语和间接引语(),【知识点解析】,一、概述 引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法:直接引述别人的原话,这叫做直接引语(direct speech)。用自己的话转述别人的话,叫间接引语(indirect speech)。一般地讲,直接引语前后要加引号,间接引语不用引号,而用宾语从句来表达。 Mr. Black said, “Im busy.”布菜克先生说:“我很忙”。(直接引语) Mr. Black said that he was busy.布菜克先生说他很忙。(宾语从句是间接引语) 从上例看来,直接引语改为间接引语时,除将直接引语改为宾语从句之外,还须对直

2、接引语中的人称和时态进行相应的变化,如上例直接引语中的I改成了he,am则改成了was。现将由直接引语改为间接引语时应注意的问题,分述如下:,直接引语和间接引语(),【知识点解析】,二、直接引语是陈述句时 直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that引导(that在口语中常省去),that从句之前用say、tell等动词,从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。,直接引语和间接引语(),【知识点解析】,1、 人称的变化 直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应的变化。口诀如下:一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新。“一随主”即把直接引语中的第一人称(如:I,me,my,min

3、e,we,us,our,ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。“二随宾”即把直接引语中的第二人称(you,your,yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人,如无听话人,可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称)相一致的人称。“第三人称不更新”即直接引语中的第三人称(he, him, his, she, her, hers, it, its, they, their, theirs, them)变为间接引语时,人称不变。,直接引语和间接引语(),【知识点解析】,一随主: He said, “I like it very much.” 他说:“我非常喜欢它”。 He said that he li

4、ked it very much. 他说他非常喜欢它。(I改为he, it不变) They said, “our parents often go shopping with us.” They said their parents often go shopping with them.,直接引语和间接引语(),【知识点解析】,二随宾: He said, “You told me this story.” 他说:“你给我讲过这个故事。” He said that I had told him that story. 他说我给他讲过那个故事。(You改为I, me改为him, told改为ha

5、d told) She said to Mary , “How is your brother now?” She asked Mary how her brother was then.,直接引语和间接引语(),【知识点解析】,第三人称不更新: He said to me, “Shes left her book in your room”.他对我说:“她把书放在你的房间里去了。” He told me that she had left her book in my room. 他对我说她把书放在我的房间里去了。(Shesshe had,her不变,yourmy) Mr White sai

6、d, “Hand is a good worker.” Mr. White said Hand was a good worker.,直接引语和间接引语(),【知识点解析】,2、 时态的变化 直接引语变为间接引语时,从句的时态要作出相应的变化,当主句为一般现在时,从句可以是任何时态;当主句为一般过去时,从句必须为过去时的某个时态。即“主过从过,主现从任”。情态动词也要变成相应的过去式: cancould;maymight;mustmust/had to,直接引语和间接引语(),【知识点解析】,直接引语和间接引语(),【知识点解析】,(1)主句的谓语动词是一般过去时 如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时

7、,直接引语变间接引语时,从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。直接引语改为间接引语时,动词时态相应变化表: He said, “I usually watch TV on Sunday.”他说:“我常在星期天看电视”。 He said that he usually watched TV on Sunday.他说他常在星期天看电视。,直接引语和间接引语(),【知识点解析】,He said, “Im using the knife.” 他说:“我正在用小刀。” He said that he was using the knife. 他说他正在用小刀。 She said, “I have no

8、t heard from him since May.” 她说:“自从五月份来我就没有收到他的来信。” She said that she had not heard from him since May. 她说自从五月份以来她就没收到他的来信。,直接引语和间接引语(),【知识点解析】,He said, “I came to help you.”他说:“我来帮助你。” He said that he had come to help me. 他说他来帮助我。 He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.”他说:“晚饭前我己做完了作业。”

9、 He said that he had finished his homework before supper.他说晚饭前他己做完了作业。,直接引语和间接引语(),【知识点解析】,Zhou Lan said, “Ill do it after class.” 周兰说:“下课后我就去做。” Zhou Lan said that she would do it after class. 周兰说下课后她就去做。 He said,” I shall be doing my homework then.”他说:“那时我将正在做作业。” He said that he should be doing h

10、is homework then.他说那时他将正在做作业。,直接引语和间接引语(),【知识点解析】,He said, “We shall have finished the work by that time.”他说:“我们将在那时以前完成工作。” He said that they should have finished the work by that time.他说他们将在那时以前完成工作。,直接引语和间接引语(),【知识点解析】,注意:直接引语如果是客观真理、名人名言、与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客观事实时,变为间接引语时,时态不变。 The teacher said, “The e

11、arth is round. ”老师说:“地球是圆的。” The teacher said that the earth is round.老师说地球是圆的。,直接引语和间接引语(),【知识点解析】,He said, “I was born in Shandong in 1965.”他说: “我1965年生于山东。” He said that he was born in Shandong in 1965. 他说他1965年生于山东。 He said, “Columbus discovered America in 1492.”他说:“哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。” He said Colu

12、mbus discovered America in 1492.他说哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。,直接引语和间接引语(),【知识点解析】,(2)主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时 如果主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时,直接引语变为间接引语时,时态一律不变 He says, “I finished the work.” 他说:“我做完工作了。” He says that he finished the work. 他说他做完工作了。 He will say, “I have watered the flowers.” 他会说:“我己经浇花了。” He will say he has watered

13、the flowers. 他会说他己经浇花了。,直接引语和间接引语(),【知识点解析】,3、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的相应变化 见下表:,直接引语和间接引语(),【知识点解析】,He said, “I met Mr. Smith this morning.” 他说“我今天早晨见到史密斯了。” He said that he had met Mr. Smith that morning. 他说他那天早晨见到史密斯了。 He said, “We went to the cinema yesterday.” 他说:“我们昨天去电影院了。” He said they had gone to the

14、 cinema the day before. 他说前一天他们去电影院了。,直接引语和间接引语(),【知识点解析】,Lily said, “I will come back next month.” 莉莉说:“我下个月回来。” Lily said that she would go back the next month. 莉莉说她下一个月就回去。 He said, “It is nine oclock now. 他说:“现在九点了。” He said that it was nine oclock then. 他说那时九点了。,直接引语和间接引语(),【知识点解析】,He said, “I

15、havent seen her today.” 他说:“今天我没见到她。” He said that he hadnt seen her that day . 他说那天他没有见到她。 She said, “I went there yesterday.” 她说:“昨天我去了那儿。” She said that she had gone there the day before. 她说前一天她去了那儿。,直接引语和间接引语(),【知识点解析】,She said, “Ill go there tomorrow.” 她说:“明天我将去那儿。” She said that she would go t

16、here the next day. 她说第二天她将去那儿。 He said, “My sister was here three days ago.” 他说:“三天前我妹妹在这儿。” He said that his sister had been there three days before.他说三天前他妹妹在那儿。(herethere; agobefore),直接引语和间接引语(),【知识点解析】,She said, “I will come here this evening.” 她说:“今晚我将来这儿。” She said that she would go there that

17、evening. 她说那晚她将去那儿。(comego;herethere;thisthat) 以上这些变化,要根据说话的具体时间和具体地点的情况而定,不可机械照搬。如果就在当地转述,here就不必改为there, come也不必改为go,如果就在当天转述,yesterday或tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。直接引语中的一般过去时如与一个具体的过去时间状语连用,间接引语的一般过去时时态不变。,直接引语和间接引语(),【知识点解析】,Father said, “I am free this afternoon ” 父亲说:“我今天下午有空。” Father said that he was

18、free this afternoon. 父亲说他今天下午有空。 He said, “I am going there tomorrow.” 他说“我明天去那里。” He said that he was going there tomorrow. 他说他明天去那里。,直接引语和间接引语(),【知识点解析】,巧记:当直接引语为陈述句,主句为过去时,变成间接引语的“顺口溜”是: 去掉引号加that,人称变化要灵活,时态向后退一步,状语变化按规定。 She said, “My brother doesnt want to go there.” She said that her brother didnt want to come here.,直接引语和间接引语(),【典型例题】,将所给直接引语变为间接引语,每空一词: 1. “I am having supper,” he said. He said that _ _ having supper. 2. “Ive seen the film,” Gina said to me. Gina _ me that she _ _ the film. 3. “I went home with my sister,” she said. She said tha

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