虚拟语气_公开课_精品课件_全.ppt

1、语气,英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。,1、If+主语+动词过去式 2、If+主语+were to+ 动词原形 3、If+主语+should +动词原形,If+主语+ 动词的过去式 （be动词一般用were),主语+would ( should / might / could )动词原形,即：If+一般过去时态 （be动词一般用were),If+主语+had +动词的过去分词,即：If+过去完成时态,主语 + would ( should / might / could )have done,主语+wou

2、ld ( should / might / could )动词原形,Subjective mood,If 型 Should +v型 类似if型,。 。 。,混杂条件句(各自为准) Were, had ,should提前，省略if,1. 一个坚持，两个命令， 三个建议，四个要求。,2. It is（necessary，strange）+that,wish/as if Would rather/ if only It is (high) time that But for/otherwise/ without/in that case,1.过去式 2.过去完成 3.could、would、migh

3、t +v,1.过去式 2.过去完成,Should（不省） +v/ 过去式,1.Would,could,should,might+v,2.would,could,should,might +have done,insist suggest,虚拟语气(1) 动词的语气表示说话人的态度和看法，可分为陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气用来陈述讲话人认为是事实的事情，有肯定、否定、疑问和感叹等形式。祈使语气用来说明说话人的请求、命令等。虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。,If I had got up earlier , I coul

4、d have caught the train.,If I get up early, I will catch the train.,a. if真实条件句 表示条件是真的或有可能实现的, 采用陈述语气。,b. if虚拟条件句表示对事实的相反的假设，或是虚拟的或几乎无法实现的, 采用虚拟语气。,虚拟语气,虚拟语气：虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实(不是事实或不大可能发生的事情)。 虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。,虚拟语气的概念,高考中虚拟语气的常考形式：,1. if 引导的虚拟条件句,与现在事实相反,与过去事实相反,与将来事实可能相反,if虚拟条件句,did

5、 （be动词用were),would( should / might / could )动原,If I had a great deal of money now, I would buy a big house for my parents.,与现在事实相反,If I were the schoolmaster , I would let the students get up a little later.,与现在事实相反,schoolmaster,if虚拟条件句,1、did 2、were to+ 动原 3、should +动原,would ( should / might / could

6、 )动原,If I met Obama some day, I would shake hands with him. If I were to meet Obama some day, If I should meet Obama some day, ,与将来事实相反,if虚拟条件句,had +done,would ( should / might / could )have done,If the boy had driven more carefully, he would not have caused the car accident.,与过去事实相反,If the foreigne

7、r had learnt how to swim, he would not have been trapped on the island for four years.,与过去事实相反,2.虚拟条件句中的倒装 a.在虚拟条件句中，如果条件句中有were, had（助动词）或should时，可使用倒装结构， were, had,或should 可提前，if省略。 b.若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were，should，had等缩略成werent，shouldnt，hadnt置于句首。,1). If I had seen him then, I would have

8、 been very happy. = Had I seen him then, I would have been very happy. 2). If I should have time, I would go with you. = Should I have time, I would go with you. 3). If I were not so busy, I would go with you. = Were I not so busy, I would go with you.,补充例句： 要不是因为 (固定句式) If it were not for If it wer

9、e not for lacking money, I would go travelling right now. = Were it not for lacking money, If it had not been for If it had not been for your help, we couldnt have finished the work yesterday. = Had it not been for , ,与过去事实相反,与现在事实相反,虚拟条件句和主句动作如发生的时间不一致，主句和从句的谓语要根据各自所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式，这种句子叫做错综时间条件句。

10、,解题关键：看好主从句，选好相应时态,3、错综时间条件句的虚拟语气,1、If+主语+动词过去式 2、If+主语+were to+ 动词原形 3、If+主语+should +动词原形,If+主语+ 动词的过去式 （be动词一般用were),主语+would ( should / might / could )动词原形,If+主语+had +动词的过去分词,主语 + would ( should / might / could )have done,主语+would ( should / might / could )动词原形,错综时间条件句,错综时间条件句,1).如果你当时接受我的建议，现在就能

11、完成这份工作了。 If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now. 2).如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了 If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.,这样的虚拟句不含有if从句，而是以but 、but for、with、without、or（else)、otherwise等引导的句子代替if从句，主句的谓语动词的形式与前面虚拟语气的基本用法相同（情过+do或情过+have done)。,4、含蓄条件句,1.I was ill

12、that day. Otherwise, I _ (take part in) the sports meet. 2.We _(not finish) the work ahead of time without your help. 3.But for the rain, we _(get) the station on time.,would have got to,could not have finished,would have taken part in,【单项填空】 Without water in the world, everything _. Awill die Bwoul

13、d die Cwould have died Dhas died Thanks a lot. We _the work on time without your help. Ahadnt finished Bdidnt finish Ccouldnt have finished Dcouldnt finish,summary,were, had ,should提前，省略if, not不提前,If 型虚拟语气,but for/otherwise/ without/in that case 1.Would,could,should,might+v 2.would,could,should,migh

14、t+have done,现：did would( should / might / could )动原,过：1.did 2.were to+ 动原 would( should / might / could )动原 3.should +动原,将：had +done would ( should / might / could ) have done,错综时间条件句(各自为准),判断是否虚拟,2. 判断虚拟类型,3. 判断虚拟时间,Pass!,虚拟语气应试对策,Exercise,1. If my father _ here now, he _ tell me what to do. were;

15、would was; will had been; would is; will,Exercise,2. If he _my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow,Exercise,3.If the weather had been better，we could have had a picnic. But it _ all day. A. rained B. rains C. has rained D. is raining,4. If

16、I _ in the 22nd century, I _ my vacation in a very different way.,should live; would spend will live; should spend are living; should have spent will be living; would have spent,5. _ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will,Exercis

17、e,tomorrow,6.If it were not for the fact that she _ sing，I would invite her to the party. A. couldnt B. shouldnt C. cant D. might not,7. But for the help of my English teacher, I _ the first prize in the English writing competition. A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have w

18、on,Exercise,8. If the United States had built more homes for poor people in 1955，the housing problems now in some parts of this country _ so serious. A. wouldnt be B. will not have been C. wouldnt have been D. would have not been,Exercise,now,in 1955,9._strict with me when I was young，I could not be such a successful person now. A. If you are not BIf you were not CWere you not DIf you had not