book4 unit1 grammar主谓一致.ppt

1、(主谓一致),Subject-predicate AGREEMENT,22. The fact that so many people still smoke in public places that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking. (2011江苏卷） A. suggest B. suggests C. suggested D. suggesting,【解析】考查时态及主谓一致。句意：仍有许多人在公共场合抽烟，这个事实表明我们需要一场全国性的运动来增强抽烟有害健康的意识

2、。,【答案】B,考考你,fact,35. All the scientific evidence _that increasing use of chemicals in farming _ damaging our health. (2012湖南卷） A. show; are B. shows; are C. show; is D. shows; is,【解析】句意：所有的科学证据表明：农业方面越来越多的使用化学物质正在损害着我们的健康。主语是evidence “证据（不可数名词）”，所以谓语动词应用单数式shows，宾语从句的主语是use “使用（不可数名词）”，所以要用is。,【答案】D

3、,考考你,evidence,什么是主谓一致？,所谓主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词之间的对应关系,即主语的人称和单复数形式要与谓语动词相呼应。,主谓一致主要遵循以下几条原则：,一、语法一致原则,三、就近原则,二、意义一致原则,语法一致原则是指一个句子中的谓语动 词的单复数形式要根据这个句子主语的语法 形式来确定，而不是按照主语在意义上是单 数还是复数来确定。例如：,一、语法一致原则,More than one student _ praised by the headmaster at the meeting.,was,该句主语意义上“不止一个学生”是复数，但语法上主语“one student”是单

4、数，按照语法一致原则，谓语动词应该用单数。,1. and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语时, 谓语动词通常为复数形式：,注意：如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同 一个人或物, 或者指同一概念的时候, 谓语 要用单数。,He and she_both good students,are,The singer and dancer_ going to give us a performance.,The knife and fork _on the table,is,is,2. 如果主语是不定式, 动词ing形式或主语从句的时候, 谓语动词一般用单数。 When he is coming _

5、very important. 他什么时候要来看起来很重要。 Collecting stamps _ his hobby. 收集邮票是他的爱好。 To love her _ not to break her wings. 爱她就不该折断她自由飞翔的翅膀。,seems,is,is,3. 定语从句的关系代词who, which, that在从句中作主语时，要与先行词的人称和数保持一致。 Those who_ singing may join us. Tom, who _ your friend, should help you.,enjoy,is,4. with, along with, toge

6、ther with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, but, including 如果句子中有这些连接词和主语连用, 谓语动词的数随主语的变化而变化。例如： The teacher, together with his students, _ planting trees in the street. 老师和他的学生们正在街道上植树。,is,Mr. Black , as well as two women, _ at the office.,is,Mr. Black,with, together with, along with,所谓意

7、义一致原则是指谓语动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式, 而是其实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上是单数, 但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数, 但在意义上却是单数。,二、意义一致原则,1. 不定代词all, more, some, any, none作主语, 谓语动词视情况而定。,All of the apples _rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。 All of the apple _rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。,are,is,None of the money_ left. 没有剩下一点钱。 None of the students _ there. 没有学生在那里。,i

8、s,is,None和neither有时当作单数看待，有时当作复数看待，主要根据说话人的意思决定。做主语时，谓动可用单数，也可用复数。但在代表不可数名词时常看作单数，因而谓动须用单数。,Neither of them _ (know) how to teach English.,None of them _ (know) how to teach English.,knows/know,knows/know,2. the rest of; half of; part of; majority of; percent of; one third of 在句子中接名词作主语的时候, 谓语动词与of后

9、面的名词保持一致。,Half of the students _finished their composition. Half of the apple _bad. About 60 percent of the students in our school _boys.,have,is,are,3. 集合名词作主语, 动词可用单数, 也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时, 动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group。,His family _ a good

10、 sample to follow. 他们家是一个学习的榜样。 His family _all music lovers. 他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。,is,are,4. 某些名词如people, police, cattle等, 形式上是单数, 但意义上是复数, 谓语动词应用复数。People 指 “民族” 时例外。 The police _ searching for a thief. The cattle _ eating grass on the hill.,are,are,5. 复合不定代词作主语, 谓语动词要用单数，如someone, somebody, something, an

11、ybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing。 Someone_ asking for you. 有人找你。 Nothing _ found in the room. 在屋子里什么也没找到。,is,is,6. 某些名词如clothes, trousers, shoes, glasses等, 通常只用其复数形式, 但当它们被a pair of 修饰时, 谓语动词用单数。如: The shoes _ worn out. 鞋子破了。 The pair of shoes _ worn

12、out. 这双鞋破了。,are,is,成双成对的名词trousers, pants, shorts, glasses, scissors以及clothes, goods等做主语,谓动要用复数；但当这类词前有a/the pair of 修饰时，谓语动词用单数。,某些名词以s结尾的词maths, politics, physics, news, plastics 等并不表示复述，谓语动词应用单数。,Physics is a very interesting subject. 物理是一门很有趣的学科。,Plastics is used widely nowadays. 如今塑料被广泛使用。,8. e

13、very. and every.; each. and each.; no. and no. 在以上短语中and连接的单数名词, 整个短语在句中作主语时, 谓语动词常使用单数。 Each man and each woman _ asked to attend.,is,Every boy and every girl in the class _ diligent.,No sound and no voice _ heard.,is,is,9. 以a number of 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数; 以the number of 作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 A number of new b

14、ooks_ on the desk. The number of students in your class _ 50.,are,is,10. 有些名词的单数和复数形式一样, 作主语的时候, 其谓语动词由上下文决定, 这一类名词有: means, works, deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese 等。 Not every means _ useful. 不是每种方法都好使。 Not all means _ useful. 不是所有的方法都好使。,is,are,11. many a, more than one, one and a half 与单数名词组

15、成的短语, 谓语用单数。 Many a boy _ seen it. 许多孩子都看到了。 12. 时间、距离、重量、价格等度量衡复数名词及书刊名作主语时, 谓语动词常用单数。,has,Thirty years _ not a long time. Roots _ a famous American novel. 根是一部美国的著名小说。,is,is,1. this kind of book = a book of this kind (这种书) , 其谓语用单数; 但men of this kind 和these kinds of men 的谓语用复数； all kinds of +复数名词,

16、 谓语用复数形式。例如：,还应该注意的几个问题:,This kind of men _ dangerous. Men of this kind _dangerous.,is,are,2. 在主谓倒装的句子中, 谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。例如:,hangs,Here _ two books for you.,Between the two windows _ a picture.,are,3. “分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“ a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a mass of, masses of, half

17、of + 名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中of 后面的名词的数保持一致,这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词,而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。例如:,Lots of damage _ caused by fire. About three-fourths of the earths surface _ covered with water. Three-fifths of the workers here _ women.,was,is,are,a (large) quantity of 修饰可数或不可数名词, 其短语作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。,is,A large quantity

18、of people _needed here.,large quantities of 修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时, 谓语动词一般用复数。,Quantities of food _ on the table.,are,注意:,4. a great deal of; a large amount of修饰不可数名词, 其短语作主语时, 谓语动词通常用单数; large amounts of 修饰不可数名词, 其短语作主语时, 谓语动词通常用复数。例如:,A large amount of (=A great deal of ) damage _ done in a very short

19、 time. Large amounts of money _ spent on the bridge.,was,were,5. 表示数量的one and a half +复数名词其短语作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式，但是one+名词and a half 短语作主语时, 谓语动词常用复数。,is,One and a half bananas _ left on the table.,One apple and a half _ been eaten by a mouse.,have,6. 如果主语由“the + 形容词(或过去分词)”结构担任时, 谓语通常用复数;这类词有: the brave

20、, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dub, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed 等; 但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别, 则用单数。例如：,The blind _ in special school. The departed(逝者)_ a well-known engineer. 这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时, 就要与名词man, person 或表示人的单数连用。例如

21、: an old man, a rich person, the (a) wounded soldier.,study,was,三、就近原则,当句子中有连接 either . or; neither . nor; not but ; not only . but also; whether. or连接的两个或两个以上主语并列时，谓语动词的单复数形式与临近的主语保持一致，这称之为就近原则。此外在there be句型中，两个或两个以上名词并列作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式与最靠近的名词保持一致。,Not only the students but also the teacher _ for a

22、holiday.,wishes,There _ a cup of tea and some apples on the table.,am,is,Neither you nor I _ wrong.,_ either you nor I wrong?,Are,1. The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third _ used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long. (ZMET 2006) A. is B. are C. was D. were,高 考 链 接,D

23、,2. He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years. (上海春招 2002) A. is B. are C. have been D. has been,D,3. As a result of destroying the forests, a large _ of desert _ covered the land. (上海 2001） A. number; has B. quantity; has C. number; have D. quantity; have,B,4.

24、 Every possible means _ to prevent air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. (上海春招 2000) A. is used B. are used C. has been used D. have been used,C,5. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. (上海 2000) A. Two fifth, is B. Two fifth, are C. Two fifths, is D. Two fifths, ar

25、e,C,6. Books of this kind _ well. (上海1999) A. sell B. sells C. are sold D. is sold,7. E-mail, as well as telephone, _ an important part in daily communication. (上海 1999) A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play,A,A,8 - Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, _ to go to u

26、niversity. - So do I.（全国 1998） A. hopes B. hope C. hoping D. do hope,A,9.The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. (NMET 1996) A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were,C,10. A group of _ are eating _ and _ at the foot of the hill. (NMET 199

27、5) A. sheep; grass; leaves B. sheeps; grasses; leaves C. sheep; grass; leaf D. sheeps; grass; leafs,A,11. She is one of the few girls who _ in the kindergarten. (上海 1994) A. is well paid B. are well paid C. is paying well D. are paying well,B,12. Either you or the headmaster _ the prize to these gifted students at the meeting. (上海 1994) A. is handing out B. are to hand out C. are handing out D. is to hand out,D