安徽专版中考英语高分复习语法突破篇动词的时态和语态课件人教新目标版.pptx

1、安徽专版,新课标（RJ）,语法专题（八）动词的时态和语态,PART TWO,第二篇 语法突破篇,【中考考点】 （1）动词的第三人称单数形式、过去式、过去分词和v.-ing形式的构成。 （2）动词的八种时态的基本结构及用法。 （3）动词的被动语态的基本结构及用法。 （4）动词的主动形式表示被动意义的用法。,考点一一般现在时,1.结构:主语+动词原形（当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词也要用单数形式） 2.用法:（1）表示事实、现状、性质或经常性、习惯性的动作。 I go to school at seven every day. 我每天七点去上学。 （2）表示普遍真理和客观事实。 The eart

2、h goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。 （3）表示在现在的时间里发生的动作。 Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。 （4）在时间和条件状语从句中代替一般将来时。 Ill go shopping with my mother if she is free tomorrow. 如果明天我妈妈有空的话,我将和她去购物。,3.一般现在时的标志词: seldom, often, usually, always, sometimes, today, every day, once a week, every five minutes, on Sundays等。 4

3、.动词的第三人称单数形式变化规则如下: （1）直接加-s。如:workworks （2）以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,变y为i,再加es。如:carrycarries, crycries, trytries, studystudies （3）以s, x, o, ch, sh结尾的词加es。如:passpasses, fixfixes, gogoes, teachteaches, washwashes （4）特殊: havehas, beis,考点二一般过去时,1.结构: 主语+动词的过去式 2.用法: 一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。 3.一般过去时的标志词: last night,

4、yesterday, some years ago, in 2015, in the past, just now等。,4.动词过去式的变化规则: （1）一般情况下,在动词原形后加-ed。如:watchwatched （2）以不发音的字母e结尾的词加d。如:livelived （3）以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,变y为i,再加-ed。如:studystudied, carrycarried, crycried （4）以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词,先双写该辅音字母,再加ed。如: stopstopped, planplanned, preferpreferred （5）不规则动词的

5、过去式需特殊记忆。,考点三一般将来时,1.结构:助动词shall/will+动词原形 be going to+动词原形 2.用法: （1）表示将要发生的动作或未来存在的状态。 I shall be eighteen years old next year. 明年我就18岁了。 （2）表示某种必然的趋势。 Fish will die without water.没有水,鱼就会死。,注意 be going to表示计划、打算做某事,也表示根据某些迹象推测出某事将要发生。 Im going to visit my grandparents next week. 下周我打算去拜访我的祖父母。 Look

6、 at the black clouds. I think its going to rain. 看这些乌云,我觉得要下雨了。 3.一般将来时的标志词: tomorrow, in the future, soon, next time, from now on, “in+时间段”等。,考点四过去将来时,1.结构: would+动词原形 was/were+going to+动词原形 2.用法: 表示从过去的某一时刻来看将要发生的动作。常用于宾语从句。 His uncle said that there would be a good harvest the next year.他叔叔说第二年会有

7、个好收成。,考点五现在进行时,1.结构:am/is/are+v.-ing形式 2.用法: （1）表示目前正在发生（进行）的动作（不指状态）。 Are you writing a letter to your friend now? 你现在正在给你的朋友写信吗? Listen! She is singing in the next room. 听!她正在隔壁房间唱歌。 （2）表示现阶段正在进行,而此刻不一定在进行的动作。 We are planting trees these days. 这些天我们一直在植树。 （3）趋向动词的进行时表示动作将要发生。此类动词有come, go, leave,

8、arrive, fly等,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。 They are leaving for England tomorrow afternoon. 他们明天下午将动身去英格兰。,3.现在进行时的标志词: now, at the moment, look, listen等。 4.现在分词的变化规则: （1）一般直接在动词后加ing。如:playplaying （2）以不发音的字母e结尾的词,去e,再加ing。如:comecoming, makemaking, liveliving （3）以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词,先双写该辅音字母,再加ing。如: runrunning,

9、 sitsitting, beginbeginning （4）特殊: diedying, lielying, tietying,考点六过去进行时,1.结构:was/were+v.-ing形式 2.用法:过去进行时主要表示过去某一时间点或某一时间段正在进行的动作。 Tom fell down while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.汤姆骑自行车时摔倒了,弄伤了自己。 3.过去进行时的标志词: this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten, when

10、, while等。 What were you doing at ten oclock last night? 你昨晚十点钟在做什么? They were building a large house last week. 上周他们一直在建造一所大房子。（过去某阶段一直在进行的动作）,考点七现在完成时,1.结构: have/has+动词的过去分词 （过去分词的变化规则基本与过去式的变化规则相同,有些特殊变化动词需单独记忆）,2.用法: （1）表示过去发生的动作或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与just, already, yet, recently, before, ever, ne

11、ver, twice, three times等连用。 I the film already. 我已经看过这部电影了。（现在我知道电影的内容了） （2）表示从过去某一时刻开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。常与“since+时间点”或“since+从句（一般过去时）”,“for+时间段”及how long, ever, before, so far, in the last/past few years, up to now, till now等连用。 Weve planted thousands of trees in the past few years. 在过去几年中,我们种了成千上万棵树

12、。 So far there no bad news. 到现在为止还没有什么坏消息。,have seen,has been,3.一般过去时与现在完成时的区别: 一般过去时只强调在过去发生过某事或关注的是动作发生的时间、地点、方式等。而现在完成时则强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响,因此,若不强调某事对现在的影响就不用现在完成时。 I saw the movie yesterday. 昨天我看了这部电影。（强调电影是昨天看的） I have already seen the film. 我已经看过这部电影了。（强调知道这部电影的内容了）,4.延续性动词: 在现在完成时中,如果有表示持续的时间状语,则

13、要把非延续性动词变为延续性动词。 I have had the book for two days. 这本书我已经买了两天了。（用had而不用bought） I have been in Tokyo for two weeks. 我已经来东京两周了。（用been in而不用come to）,常见的非延续性动词变延续性动词: （1）have arrived at/in sp., have got to/reached sp., have come/gone/moved to sp.have been in sp. （2）have becomehave been （3）have got uphav

14、e been up （4）have died （5）have left sp. （6）have fallen asleep/gone to sleephave been asleep （7）have finished/ended/completed （8）have marriedhave been married （9）have begun （10）have borrowed,have been dead,have been away from sp.,have been over,have been on,have kept,（11）have boughthave had （12）have

15、caught/got a coldhave had a cold （13）have got to knowhave known （14）have joined the League/the Party/the armyhave been a member of the League/the Party/the army或have been in the League/the Party/the army,5.have been to, have gone to与have been in的区别: have been to表示“曾去过某地”,说话时已从该地回来,现在已不在该地;have gone

16、to表示“已去了某地”,说话时已到达某地或在去某地的途中,现在还未回来;have been in表示“曾在某地待了多久”,后面跟副词时不用in。 Where is Mrs. Smith?史密斯夫人在哪儿? She isnt here. She has gone to England. 她不在这儿,去英格兰了。,考点八过去完成时,1.结构:had+动词的过去分词 2.用法: 表示过去的某一时刻以前已经发生的动作或存在的状态,也就是“过去的过去”。常以by, before短语或when, before, after, until等引导的从句作为时间状语。 My teacher said she h

17、ad never been to London. 我的老师说她从来没去过伦敦。 When the police arrived, the thieves . 当警察到达时,小偷已经逃跑了。,had run away,考点一被动语态的结构,【注意】 在使役动词have, make, let以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel等后面作宾语补足语的不定式,在主动结构中不定式符号to要省略,但变为被动结构时,要还原to。 Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. A stranger was seen by som

18、eone into the building. 有人看见一个陌生人走进了这栋楼。,to walk,考点二某些动词的主动形式表示被动意义,1.英语中有很多动词,如 break, catch, clean, drive, lock, open, sell, read, write, wash等,当它们用作不及物动词来描述主语的性质特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。 This kind of cloth . 这种布料很好洗。 【注意】 主动语态强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较: The door wont lock.（指门本身有毛病） The door

19、wont be locked.（指不会有人来锁门,表示“门没有锁”是人的原因） 2.不及物动词和动词短语,如happen, last, take place, come out, come true, run out 等,以主动形式表示被动意义。 How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何出版的呢?,washes well,3.系动词没有被动形式。 Your reason sounds reasonable. 你的理由听起来合理。 4.下列结构中的v.-ing形式是主动形式表示被动意义。 （1）need, require作“需要”讲时,其后常跟动名词形式。但

20、当这些动词后接不定式时,则必须用被动形式表示被动意义。 The bike needs mending. 这辆自行车需要修理。 Our classroom needs to be cleaned. 我们的教室需要打扫。 （2）be worth doing sth.值得做某事 The book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得一读。,1.2014安徽 Mr. Wang has left for Guangzhou. He a speech there in two days. A.gives B.gave C.will give D.has given 2.2014安徽

21、As we all know, the Silk Road China to the West in ancient times. A.connects B.connected C.will connect D.is connecting,1.C根据时间状语“in two days”可知,应该用一般将来时,故选C。,C,B,动词的时态,3.2015安徽 Cathy, can you answer the door? I the room. Im coming, Mum. A.clean B.cleaned C.have cleaned D.am cleaning 4.2016安徽 I saw

22、Sam and David in the playground yesterday afternoon. They games with their classmates then. A.play B.will play C.are playing D.were playing,3.D根据问句“你能开下门吗?”可以推测“我”此刻应该是正在打扫卫生。故选D。,D,D,5.2017安徽 I am surprised at the new look of my hometown, for it a lot over the years. A.changed B.changes C.will chan

23、geD.has changed 6.2018安徽 Before the sun , we need to get to the top of the mountain. A.set B.sets C.is settingD.will set,5.D根据句意及句中时间状语“over the years”可知,这里指的是“过去的动作对现在的影响”,应用现在完成时态表达。故选D。,D,B,6.Bbefore引导时间状语从句,而在时间状语从句中不能使用将来时态,排除D;主句为一般现在时态,所以从句也应用一般现在时态表达。故选B。,7.2018宿州一模 I remember you a diary in

24、 high school. Do you still write a lot? No, I dont. Now, I hardly ever write. A.kept B.are keeping C.have kept D.will keep 8.2018明光一模 Where was your sister just now? I visited her but she wasnt at home. She a movie in the cinema with her boy-friend. A.watched B.has watched C.is watching D.was watchi

25、ng,8.D根据上文信息可知:妹妹刚才不在家。故下一句可以推知:妹妹应该是正在和男朋友看电影。故选D。,A,D,9.2018马鞍山一模 I still remember my happy childhood when my mother me to the farm at weekends. A.takes B.took C.will take D.has taken 10.2018芜湖期中 May I speak to Mrs. Smith? Hold on, please. She in the kitchen. A.has cooked B.cooks C.will cook D.is

26、cooking,B,D,1.2014安徽 Thanks to the Internet, different kinds of information in a short time. A.can be learnedB.has been learned C.can learnD.has learned 2.2016安徽 When the baby dog , it was very hungry. So we gave it some food. A.is foundB.was found C.has been foundD.will be found,A,B,动词的语态,2.B根据语境可知

27、是一般过去时;又因为小狗与找之间应该是被动关系,故应用被动语态。故选B。,3.2017安徽 Mr. Green to sing an English song at the party and he sang well. A.was invitedB.invited C.is invitedD.invites 4.2018安徽 The weatherman says a rain shower this afternoon in the south. A.expects B.expected C.is expected D.was expected,3.A由句意可知,句子的主语Mr. Green是动词invite的承受者,应用被动语态表达,排除B、D;由sang可知,“受邀”的动作已经发生过,应用一般过去时态表达,排除C。故选A。,A,C,4.C从句意可知,宾语从句的主语a rain shower是动作expect的承受者,应用被动语态,排除A、B;从语境可知,本句说的是现在对天气的预测,应用一般现在时态表达。故选C。,5.2018名校联考 Its said the novel about 50 years ago, but it is still popular among young people now. A.is wri