The-grapes-of-wrath愤怒的葡萄.ppt

1、,The Grapes of Wrath,Written by John Steinbeck,About the title,While writing the novel at his home, Steinbeck had unusual difficulty devising a title. The Grapes of Wrath, suggested by his wife Carol Steinbeck, which was deemed more suitable than anything by the author. The title is a reference to l

2、yrics from The Battle Hymn of the Republic“(共和国的战斗赞美诗)- A war song of the Civil War: Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord: He is trampling out the vintage where the grapes of wrath are stored; He hath loosed the fateful lightning of His terrible swift sword: His truth is marching

3、on. 我们看到上帝降临的荣耀,他双脚踏着愤怒的葡萄, 他拔出闪电这把无敌的利剑,他的真理在奔腾呼啸 These lyrics refer, in turn, to the biblical passage.,With the Stock Market crash of 1929 , America moved into the Great Depression. The economic structure in the U.S.A. changed. The gap between the rich and the poor lengthened. More and more people

4、 lost their jobs, so the unemployment and poverty became the main social problems. Then a lot of people went along the Highway 66 to california , hoping to find jobs , lands , dignities and their futures.,Background,the Great Depression,The Great Depression in 1930s The Wall Street crash in Oct. 24,

5、 1929, “the bottom dropped of the stock market” Result: The dim decade of 1930s replaced the glittering 1920s. Banks failed, factories closed and agriculture withered; Jobless millions roamed the street; the breadless stretched long; Absolute poverty and struggled for survival is a nightmarish exper

6、ience of life.,Impressive Characters,Protagonist of the story; the Joad familys second son, named after his father. Later on, Tom takes leadership of the family even though he is young.,Tom Joad,The mother of the Joad family. Practical and warm-spirited, she tries to hold the family together. She is

7、 the healer of the familys ills and arbiter of its arguments.,Ma Joad,A former preacher who lost his faith. He is a radical philosopher, a motivator and unifier of men, and a martyr(牺牲者). He is a Christ-like figure.,Jim Casy,Relationship of the Major Characters,Tom Joad,Grandpa,Grandma,John Joad,Rut

8、hie Joad,Winfield Joad,Pa Joad,Ma Joad,Jim Casy,Connie River,Rose of Sharon,Noah Joad,Al Joad,Mulley Graves,Plot,. Initial SituationThe land is changing Tom Joad is paroled(假释) from prison for homicide. On his journey home, he meets a now-former preacher, Jim Casy, whom he remembers from his childho

9、od, and the two travel together. When they arrive at his childhood farm home, Oklahoma， they find it deserted. Theres been a drought, dust storms are rampant(The Dust Bowl黑色风暴), crops are dead, the economy is weak, and landowners must kick tenant farmers（佃户，佃农） (like the Joads) off of the land.,Plot

10、,. ConflictThe Joads must move westward. The Joads buy a car and move west on Route 66, like thousands of other families, in search of a new life, a new home, and new opportunity. With no work here in Oklahoma, they have no other choice.,11,Route 66,Plot,3.ComplicationCalifornia is not all that. Ove

11、r three hundred thousand people have moved to California, all looking for the same thing: jobs. The Joads cant find any jobs and cant settle down. They are hungry, they are tired, they lose four members of the family.,Plot,. ClimaxTom kills a man. Tom is reunited with Reverend Casy, who has become a

12、n agitator or a picketer, fighting for worker rights. The authorities murder Casy, and Tom kills one of the authorities. Hes in big trouble now. . SuspenseRuthie spills the beans. The floodwaters rise. Tom tries to hide from the world until the murder hes committed blows over（平息）, but his little sis

13、ter accidentally spills the beans（说漏嘴） and tells the world what hes done. Meanwhile, it starts raining really hard and the creek beside the Joads boxcar home rises.,Plot,. DenouementTom runs away, the Joads escape Not wanting to drag his family into his crime, Tom runs away for good. As the floodwat

14、ers continue to rise, Rose of Sharons baby is stillborn（死胎）. The Joads leave their boxcar in search of higher and dryer ground. . Conclusion A dying man is nursed. In the end, Rose of Sharon commits the only act in the book that is not futile: she breast feeds a man too sick from starvation to eat s

15、olid food, still trying to show hope in humanity after her own negative experience. This final act is said to illustrate the spontaneous mutual sharing that will lead to a new awareness of collective values.,showing authors clear expression of sympathy with the dispossessed(失去产业的) and the wretched.,

16、Purpose of the novel,Writing styles,Metaphorical languages Significance of memory Careful choice of words, lavish description, true-to-the -heart portrayal of people Short sentences, prophetic and powerful tone,Allegory,Themes the Joad familys second son, named after his father. Later on, Tom takes

17、leadership of the family even though he is young.,Tom Joad,The mother of the Joad family. Practical and warm-spirited, she tries to hold the family together. She is the healer of the familys ills and arbiter of its arguments.,Ma Joad,A former preacher who lost his faith. He is a radical philosopher,

18、 a motivator and unifier of men, and a martyr(牺牲者). He is a Christ-like figure.,Jim Casy,2.Lies and Deceit Central to The Grapes of Wrath is a single lie: thousands of families move west to California because they believe it to be the land of plenty, a place full of jobs and opportunity. This lie is

19、 spread through a yellow pamphlet dispensed by a Californian landowner looking for workers, and it both gives families a sense of hope and strips them of hope. Several entities help to sustain this lie: the banks, the car salesmen, the merchants, and the landowners. The Joads are deceived into think

20、ing that their worries will be forgotten once they get to California.,3.Mans Inhumanity to Man,The migrants great suffering is caused not by bad whether or mere misfortune but by their fellow human beings. Historical, social, and economic circumstances separate people into rich and poor, landowner a

21、nd tenant, and the people in the dominant roles struggle viciously to preserve their position. The novel draws a simple line through the population- one that divides the privileged from the poor- and identifies that division as the primary source of evil and suffering in the world.,4.The Dignity of

22、Wrath,The Joads stand as exemplary in their refusal to be broken by the circumstances that conspire against them. Steinbeck emphasizes the importance of maintaining self-respect in order to survive spiritually. The Joads had suffered incomparable losses: Noah, Connie, and Tom has left the family; Ro

23、se of Sharon gives birth to a stillborn baby; the family possesses neither food nor promise of work. Yet it is at this moment that the family manages to rise above hardship to perform an act of unsurpassed kindness and generosity for starving man, show that the Joads have not lost their sense of the value of human life.,5.Class Conflict The conflict in the novel between the impoverished migrants and the established, secure business people and Californians serves as a strong criticism of economic injustice. There are also conflicts within the family that reflect the materia