不锈钢施工方案

1、不锈钢施工方案一、备注不锈钢的特点是强度高，对热较敏感，表面有一层极薄的氧化膜，它的存在使不锈钢具有很好的抗腐蚀性，氧化膜的损坏，将严重降低不锈钢的抗腐蚀性能。此外，渗碳也会降低不锈钢的耐腐蚀性。因此，对于不锈钢材料应高度重视表面的保护，特别是液货舱内表面的保护。在运输、存放、施工过程中，严防机械碰撞、碰焊等损伤, 并避免与碳钢接触。二、调运（调运要求参照不锈钢拼板工艺）1、调运用的夹具、吊鼻、马板等应采用不锈钢材料或采用其它措施防止碳钢夹具与不锈钢直接接触。2、应采用适当数量的吊鼻，避免调运时不锈钢变形。3、吊运时不可在一块不锈钢板上任意拖拉另一块不锈钢板，以免划伤不锈钢板表面。三、存放1、

2、不锈钢不可与碳钢混放，应有专门的仓库存放。2、不能把不锈钢随意放在地上或平台上，应事先铺设木板、橡胶或木质纤维板。3、堆放过程中应用木材或非金属物质做垫料，在贮存期间不锈钢应用塑料密封，再加帆布盖上。4、两层不锈钢板不可重叠放置，否则中间要放软物或木条铺垫。5、不锈钢要注意防潮、防划伤、防黑色金属的渗碳，不能接触酸、碱、盐、油脂等物质。四、施工（以甲板分段为例说明）（一）甲板胎架上拼板（拼板要求参照不锈钢拼板工艺）1、胎架制作时上端应加装不锈钢板条。2、不锈钢液货舱拼板施工在车间进行，不得在不锈钢拼板施工现场附近进行碳钢的打磨、切割等工作。3、按拼板图的要求，将不锈钢板铺放在胎架上，准确落位，

3、以免划伤不锈钢甲板，并核对钢板号料时所标注的符号、首尾方向、肋骨号等。同时检查钢板正反面、直线边缘平直度、边缘坡口等情况。划出中间板的中心线，并在胎架两端中心上拉线，检测使中间板的中心线与所拉线对准，相应肋位与肋骨检验线对准。定位，定位时先定位中间和两端，然后再加密定位焊，定位焊的尺寸为75 mm 300mm，从中间向两舷定位。为了防止焊接时不锈钢板变形，板的上面用压块固定在胎架上，压块与不锈钢板接触的部分垫胶皮保护。4、拼板时，先拼接纵缝，后拼装横缝，以免因横缝先拼接影响纵缝的直线度，造成过大的装配间隙，甲板在胎架上拼好后，使甲板中心线对准胎架中心线，并紧贴胎架。报检。焊接，甲板拼板用埋弧焊

4、焊接，需在铁轨道与不锈钢板之间垫橡胶，避免与不锈钢接触。根据图纸划出甲板中心线、肋骨检验线和各构架的位置线，报检。5、在不锈钢板上作标记、划线要用专用的工具，不得用油漆、钢针或铅笔，应用无氯墨水。6、施焊前，用丙酮或酒精洗净焊缝两侧20mm范围内不锈钢板上的污、油漆和尘土，避免焊接燃烧中有渗碳现象。7、施工人员在不锈钢施工区域施工时要穿清洁鞋套，随身不能携带金属物件，如钥匙、手表等。8、不允许随意将工具、设备放在不锈钢板上，不可在不锈钢板上任意拖拉龙头线。破损的龙头线应包扎好后方可使用。9、分段内的临时加强材和合拢时用于分段定位的临时支撑与不锈钢板之间应采用不锈钢板过渡连接。用于不锈钢的工具不

5、能与制造碳钢的混用。10、施工中分段的吊运不得随意从不锈钢分段上方经过。吊鼻材料应为不锈钢，不允许在不锈钢的工作面上安装吊鼻。11、在整个操作过程中，不可用铁锤敲打不锈钢表面。不锈钢产生变形不得用热加工矫正，不得用铁锤敲击。12、焊接时使用的工具（焊渣锤、刷子、撮箕）应为不锈钢，包括焊缝除漆用的工具。自动焊焊接时需在铁轨道与不锈钢板之间垫橡胶。13、不锈钢板加工过程中造成的一些损伤如：焊接飞溅、电弧击伤、烟斑和机械划痕、必须彻底清除。（用砂轮粗磨后，抛光机抛光）。（二）不锈钢甲板与甲板分段合拢1、甲板分段与不锈钢甲板合拢前进行打磨。2、吊装不锈钢甲板前，不锈钢甲板应划好纵桁线、横梁位置线。将不

6、锈钢甲板吊至甲板骨架上，并且所划线与甲板构件相对应，吊装不锈钢甲板按不锈钢拼板工艺要求同样操作。甲板要准确落位，以免划伤不锈钢甲板。检验无误后报检，进行定位焊。3、定位焊及焊接：首先必须打磨焊缝，清除污垢、油渍及灰尘，并用丙酮或酒精擦洗后进行甲板骨架与不锈钢甲板定位焊，顺序为：甲板横梁从中间向左右舷顺序定位焊；甲板纵桁、纵骨、从中间向前后顺序进行定位焊，定位焊尺寸为75 mm 300mm（焊缝中间引弧）双数焊工对称定位焊。 4、定位焊施焊完毕后，再次测量周边尺寸、平行度、垂直度、肋距尺寸、纵骨尺寸等，要符合第1条要求。检验无误后报检，进行整体翻身，吊装操作同上。翻身后应将不锈钢甲板内侧面正放在

7、装有不锈钢垫块水平胎架或有尺寸为130130mm若干块水平垫木上，落位后，应整体做施焊前定位焊肉打磨，焊段两端打磨成圆弧状。而后由双数焊工对称开始整体施焊，焊接顺序和定位焊顺序相同，焊接方式为二氧化碳焊。5、分段内的临时加强材或合拢时用于分段定位的临时支撑与不锈钢板之间应采用不锈钢板过渡连接。6、在整个操作过程中，不可用铁锤敲打不锈钢表面。不锈钢产生变形不得用热加工矫正，不得用铁锤敲击。7、焊接时使用的工具（焊渣锤、刷子、撮箕）应为不锈钢，包括焊缝除漆用的工具。8、不锈钢板加工过程中造成的一些损伤如：焊接飞溅、电弧击伤、烟斑和机械划痕、必须彻底清除。（用砂轮粗磨后，抛光机抛光）。（三）大合拢1

8、、分段合拢时，施工区设能防风雨、防潮和寒冷的施工蓬。2、施工中分段的吊运不得随意从不锈钢分段上方经过，吊鼻材料为不锈钢，不允许在不锈钢的工作面上安装吊鼻。3、大合拢时液货舱内施工用的脚手架为木杆或竹竿。4、在液货舱内施工时，底面需铺设木板或草席进行保护，避免东西坠落损伤表面。对于必须吊放于分段上施工的设备，必须采取相应的措施来保证设备碳钢部分与不锈钢不直接接触，如设备下垫放木板、橡胶、阻燃塑料等。5、在整个操作过程中，不可用铁锤敲打其不锈钢表面。不锈钢产生变形不得用热加工矫正，不得用铁锤敲击。6、焊接时使用的工具（焊渣锤、刷子、撮箕）应为不锈钢，包括焊缝除漆用的工具。自动焊接时需在铁轨道与不锈

9、钢板之间垫橡胶。7、不锈钢板加工过程中造成的一些损伤如：焊接飞溅、电弧击伤、烟斑和机械划痕、必须彻底清除。（用砂轮粗磨后，抛光机抛光）。8、合拢焊接完检查焊缝是否有缺陷，并采用相应的措施去除缺陷（见不锈钢焊接缺陷修补工艺）。9、酸洗 酸洗是最常用去除氧化物和铁污染的化学方法，酸洗后必须用干净的水喷射，含有氯的水能够改善材料的表面状况。10、为确保以上措施顺利实施，生产科、车间应在管理、制度上采取相应的措施，施工人员进行培训上岗，施工中派专人监督、巡查。Construction of Stainless SteelPART FORWORDSThe stainless steel is of hi

10、gh strength, and sensitive to the heat. There is a very thin oxide film covered in the surface of the stainless steel plate, thus the plate can be of high corrosion-resistance. If the film is damaged, the quality of corrosion-resistance will be reduced seriously. Additionally, the penetration of the

11、 carbon to the stainless steel plate will also reduce the quality of corrosion-resistance. Great attention should be paid to protect the surface of the stainless steel plate, especially the inner surface of the cargo tanks. During the transportation, storage and construction, the damage of machinery

12、 collision and butt-weld should be avoided, and the contact between the stainless steel and carbon steel should also be avoided.PART HOIST TRANSPORTATIONThe requirement of hoist transportation can also refer to the technology of the stainless steel plate alignment.1. The holding device used for the

13、hoist should be made of stainless steel material, or other methods can also be accepted if the methods can prevent the direct contact between the carbon steel holding device and the stainless steel plate.2. To avoid the distortion of the stainless steel plate, there should be enough holding devices

14、for lifting.3. To avoid the damage to the surface of the stainless steel plate, the plate should not be dragged on the other plate arbitrarily during the hoist transportation.PART STORAGE1. The stainless steel plate should not be stored together with the carbon steel plate, it should be stored in sp

15、ecial storehouse.2. The stainless steel should not be laid directly to the ground or the platform. Wood block, rubber or wood fiber plate should be laid previously.3. The wood block or nonmetal material should be used as filling block during the stack. The stainless steel should be sealed with plast

16、ics and covered with canvas.4. Two plated should not be piled up together, otherwise soft material and wood block should be provided between the two plates.5. Attention should be paid to avoid humidification, scuffing, carbon penetration of ferrous metal, the plate should not contact with the materi

17、als such as acid, alkali, salt and grease, etc.PART CONSTRUCTIONConstruction of the deck block is used for description of the technology.1. Plate alignment on the deck assembly jig.The requirement of the plate alignment can refer to the technology of the stainless steel plate alignment.1.1 Stainless

18、 steel batten should be fitted on the upper side during the manufacture of the jig.1.2 The stainless steel plate alignment of the cargo tanks should be carried out in the workshop. The blasting and cutting of the carbon steel should not be carried out nearby the site of stainless steel plate alignme

19、nt.1.3 Put the stainless steel plate on the jig according the requirement of the plate alignment plan. Allocate well and truly to avoid scuffing to the stainless steel deck plate, and then check the marked symbols, direction of fore and aft, frame number, etc. during the laying-out of the steel plat

20、es. At the same time, check the conditions such as the positive and negative face of the plate, the straightness of the straight edge and the groove of the edge, etc. Draw the center line of the middle plate, and tie line in the middle of the jigs two sides. Align the center line of the middle plate

21、 to the tied line, align the frame to the frame checking line. When positioning, first positioning the middle and the two ends, then make more positioning tacks. The dimension of the positioning tack is 75mm 300mm, the tacks should be made from the middle to the two sides. To avoid the distortion of

22、 the plate during the welding, ballast block should be put on the upper side of the plate, the contact part should be protected by rubber cover.1.4 During the plate alignment, first align the longitudinal seam, and then align the transverse seam, otherwise the straightness of the longitudinal will b

23、e affected, and result in bigger fit-up gap. When the deck plates are aligned on the jig, then align the center line of the deck to the center line of the jig, and make the deck close to the jig. Report for checking. Submerged arc welding should be used for deck alignment. Rubber should be filled be

24、tween the steel track and the stainless steel plate to avoid direct contact with the stainless steel. Draw the center line of deck, frame verifying line and all the position lines of all structure members according to the plan, and then report for checking.1.5 Special tools should be used to make ma

25、rks, draw lines on the stainless steel plates. Paint, steel pin and pencil should not be used. Ink not containing chlorine should be used.1.6 Before the welding, clean the dirt, paint and dust on the stainless steel plates with acetone or alcohol with the range of 20mm near the welding seam.1.7 The

26、workers should wear clean covers of shoes in the construction area of the stainless steel when manufacture, they should not have metal things such as keys, watches and so on with them.1.8 Tools, equipments should not be put directly on the stainless steel plate. Steel wires should not be dragged on

27、the plates.1.9 The temporary stiffer members and supports should be linked to the stainless steel plates with stainless steel plates when blocking and joining. Tools used for stainless steel should not be used for carbon steel.1.10 The hoist of the other blocks across the stainless steel blocks is n

28、ot permitted. The material of the hook should be stainless steel. The hook should not be fitted on the working surface of the stainless steel.1.11 No hit on the surface of stainless steel plate with hammer is permitted during the whole operation. If stainless steel distortion happen, it is not permi

29、tted to carry out levelling with heating or hammer hit.1.12 The tools for welding such as welding slag hammer, brush, dustpan should be made of stainless steel. When carrying out the automatic welding, rubber blocks should be put between the steel track and the stainless steel plates.1.13 All the da

30、mages such as welding spattering, arc hurt, smoke dot and machinery scuffing during the manufacture of the stainless steel should be swept away entirely.2. Stainless steel deck and joining of the deck blocks2.1 All the deck blocks should be dressed before the joining.2.2 Before the vertical loading,

31、 longitudinal girder position lines, transverse web position lines should be marked on the stainless steel deck. Load the stainless steel deck on the deck framing, and align the marked lines to the deck members. The technology of vertical loading of the decks is the same as the technology of stainle

32、ss steel plates alignment. The decks should be located precisely in order not to damage the decks. After verifying, report for checking, and carry out the positioning welding.2.3 Positioning welding and welding. First the welding seam should be dressed to sweep away the dirt, grease and dust. And th

33、en clean with acetone or alcohol. After that the positioning welding between the deck framing and the deck should be carried out. The order of the welding is: for transverse web, from the middle to the two sides; for deck longitudinal girder, stringer, from the middle to the two ends. The dimension

34、of the welding is 75 mm 300mm. The welding should be carried out from the middle to the sides or ends at the same time.2.4 After the positioning welding, measure again the surrounding dimensions, parallelism, verticality, frame distance and stringer distance, and so on. All the dimensions should mee

35、t the requirements. After verifying, report for checking. Turn over the blocks entirely, the operation for vertical load is the same as the mentioned above. After turning over, the inner side of the deck should be rightly located on the stainless steel rig or some horizontal wood filling blocks dime

36、nsioned 130130mm. After location, dressing should be carried out, the ends of the welding parts should be made to have round shape. There should be double welding workers to carry out the welding, the order of the welding is same as the positioning welding. The method of the welding should be carbon

37、 dioxide welding.2.5 The temporary stiffer members and supports for the blocks should be linked to the stainless steel plates with stainless steel plates. 2.6 No hit on the surface of stainless steel plate with hammer is permitted during the whole operation. If stainless steel distortion happens, it

38、 is not permitted to carry out levelling with heating or hammer hit.2.7 The tools for welding such as welding slag hammer, brush, dustpan should be made of stainless steel. 2.8 All the damages such as welding spattering, arc hurt, smoke dot and machinery scuffing during the manufacture of the stainl

39、ess steel should be swept away entirely.3. ERECTION3.1 When carrying out the erection, construction shelter should be set up for preventing the weather, the humidification and the cold in the construction area.3.2 The hoist of the other blocks across the stainless steel blocks is not permitted. The

40、material of the hook should be stainless steel. The hook should not be fitted on the working surface of the stainless steel.3.3 During the erection, the scaffold for construction in the cargo tanks should be made of wood post or bamboo post.3.4 During the construction in the cargo tanks, the bottom

41、of the tanks should be covered with wood plate or straw mat for protection against the damage to the stainless steel surface when other objects fall to the bottom. For those equipments which must be located on the blocks, actions must be taken to ensure no direct contact between the carbon steel and the stainless steel. In this case, wood plate, rubber and flame-retardant plastics can be put under the equipments.3.5 No