65段落标题配对.ppt

1、List of headings 段落标题配对,一.出题特点,1.永远位于文章之前 唯一；主旨把握有助于找细节 2.选项多为短语，且为乱序 干扰选项：文章细节信息的原词重现； 3.个别会有示例，选项具有唯一性 划去example,二.考查要点： 区分主要信息和次要信息的能力,三.解题步骤：,Step 1st:分析题干选项 拆分选项，划出题干关键词核心名词或起限定作用的词 Step 2nd:归类一组相似选项 Step 3rd: 通读段落，匹配标题, MIRTP as a future model Identifying the main transport problems Preference

2、 for motorized vehicles Government authorities instructions Initial improvements in mobility and transport modes Request for improved transport in Makete Transport improvements in the northern part of the district Improvements in the rail network Effects of initial MIRTP measures Co-operation of dis

3、trict officials,Step 3rd:通读段落，匹配选项 （一）大部分是对于中心句的同义替换 A：中心句为首句deductive演绎法 验证方法:后面的句子是否为其补充性信息/论证,1.举例性质论证：for example/instance;专有名词;人名；地名；直接引语等 2.话题重复:核心名词/名词短语的原词或替换重现,Many experts believe that the best way to counter this trend is to impose water charges based on the real cost of supplies. This wo

4、uld provide a powerful incentive for consumers to introduce water-saving processes and recycling. Few government charge realistic prices for water, especially to farmers. Even in rich California, farmers get water for less than a tenth of the cost of supply. In many developing countries, there is vi

5、rtually no charge for irrigation water, while energy prices are heavily subsidized too .Water, which was once regarded as a free gift from heaven, is becoming a commodity which must be bought and sold on the open market just like oil.,Many experts believe that the best way to counter this trend is t

6、o impose water charges based on the real cost of supplies. This would provide a powerful incentive for consumers to introduce water-saving processes and recycling. Few government charge realistic prices for water, especially to farmers. Even in rich California, farmers get water for less than a tent

7、h of the cost of supply. In many developing countries, there is virtually no charge for irrigation water, while energy prices are heavily subsidized too .Water, which was once regarded as a free gift from heaven, is becoming a commodity which must be bought and sold on the open market just like oil.

8、,B.中心句为特殊连接词所示句子,1.转折连接词：however,but,while,instead等 2.总结连接词：in a word,from this point of view等,Too many people living in fragile environments have lost control over their economies, their culture and their environment when tourism has penetrated their homelands. Merely restricting tourism cannot be

9、the solution to the imbalance, because peoples desire to see new places will not just disappear. Instead, communities in fragile environments must achieve greater control over tourism ventures in their regions, in order to balance their needs and aspirations with the demands of tourism. A growing nu

10、mber of communities are demonstrating that, with firm communal decision-making, this is possible. The critical question now is whether this can become the norm, rather than the exception.,B.中心句为特殊连接词所示句子,1.转折连接词：however,but,while,instead等 2.总结连接词：in a word,from this point of view等,Too many people li

11、ving in fragile environments have lost control over their economies, their culture and their environment when tourism has penetrated their homelands. Merely restricting tourism cannot be the solution to the imbalance, because peoples desire to see new places will not just disappear. Instead, communi

12、ties in fragile environments must achieve greater control over tourism ventures in their regions, in order to balance their needs and aspirations with the demands of tourism. A growing number of communities are demonstrating that, with firm communal decision-making, this is possible. The critical qu

13、estion now is whether this can become the norm, rather than the exception.,i The expansion of international tourism in recent years ii How local communities can balance their own needs with the demands of wilderness tourism iii Fragile regions and the reasons for the expansion of tourism there iv Tr

14、aditional methods of food-supply in fragile regions v Some of the disruptive effects of wilderness tourism vi The economic benefits of mass tourism,i The expansion of international tourism in recent years ii How local communities can balance their own needs with the demands of wilderness tourism iii

15、 Fragile regions and the reasons for the expansion of tourism there iv Traditional methods of food-supply in fragile regions v Some of the disruptive effects of wilderness tourism vi The economic benefits of mass tourism,中心句位于总结连接词所示句子,The consequences of our water policies extend beyond jeopardisin

16、g human health. Tens of millions of people have been forced to move from their homes often with little warning or compensation to make way for the reservoirs behind dams. More than 20% of all freshwater fish and species are now threatened or endangered because dams and water withdrawals have destroy

17、ed the free-flowing river ecosystems where they thrive. Certain irrigation practices degrade soil quality and reduce agricultural productivity. Groundwater aquifers are being pumped down faster than they are naturally replenished in parts of India, China, the USA and elsewhere. And disputes over sha

18、red water resources have led to violence and continue to raise local, national and even international tensions.,中心句位于总结连接词所示句子,The consequences of our water policies extend beyond jeopardising human health. Tens of millions of people have been forced to move from their homes often with little warnin

19、g or compensation to make way for the reservoirs behind dams. More than 20% of all freshwater fish and species are now threatened or endangered because dams and water withdrawals have destroyed the free-flowing river ecosystems where they thrive. Certain irrigation practices degrade soil quality and

20、 reduce agricultural productivity. Groundwater aquifers are being pumped down faster than they are naturally replenished in parts of India, China, the USA and elsewhere. And disputes over shared water resources have led to violence and continue to raise local, national and even international tension

21、s.,C.中心句为A+B,Agriculture consumes about 70% of the worlds fresh water, so improvements in irrigation can make the greatest impact. At present, average efficiency in the use of irrigated water in agriculture may be as low as 50%. Simple changes could improve the rate substantially, though it is unrea

22、listic to expect very high levels of water-use efficiency in many developing countries. After agriculture, industry is the second biggest user of water and, in terms of value added per liter used, is sixty times more productive than agriculture. However, some industrial processes use vast amounts of

23、 water. For example, production of I kg of aluminum might require 1,500 liters of water. Paper production too is often very water-intensive. There is still plenty of room for big savings in industrial uses of water.,C.中心句为A+B,Agriculture consumes about 70% of the worlds fresh water, so improvements

24、in irrigation can make the greatest impact. At present, average efficiency in the use of irrigated water in agriculture may be as low as 50%. Simple changes could improve the rate substantially, though it is unrealistic to expect very high levels of water-use efficiency in many developing countries.

25、 After agriculture, industry is the second biggest user of water and, in terms of value added per liter used, is sixty times more productive than agriculture. However, some industrial processes use vast amounts of water. For example, production of I kg of aluminum might require 1,500 liters of water

26、. Paper production too is often very water-intensive. There is still plenty of room for big savings in industrial uses of water.,（三）：非中心句的同义替换,But the sales push rarely stops in the office.The flashy brochures left by the sales reps are often followed up with meals at expensive restaurants, meetings

27、 in warm and sunny places, and an inundation of promotional gadgets. Rarely do patients watch a doctor write with a pen that isnt emblazoned with a drugs name, or see a nurse use a tablet not bearing a pharmaceutical companys logo. Millions of dollars are spent by pharmaceutical companies on promoti

28、onal products tike coffee mugs, shirts, umbrellas, and golf balls. Money well spent? Its hard to tell. Ive been the recipient of golf balls from one company and I use them, but it doesnt make me prescribe their medicine, says one doctor. 1 tend to think Im not influenced by what they give me.,List o

29、f Headings i Not all doctors are persuaded ii Choosing the best offers iii Who is responsible for the increase in promotions? iv Fighting the drug companies v An example of what doctors expect from drug companies vi Gifts include financial incentives vii Research shows that promotion works viii The

30、high costs of research ix The positive side of drugs promotion x Who really pays for doctors free gifts?,List of Headings i Not all doctors are persuaded ii Choosing the best offers iii Who is responsible for the increase in promotions? iv Fighting the drug companies v An example of what doctors exp

31、ect from drug companies vi Gifts include financial incentives vii Research shows that promotion works viii The high costs of research ix The positive side of drugs promotion x Who really pays for doctors free gifts?,（三）：非中心句的同义替换,But the sales push rarely stops in the office.The flashy brochures left by the sales reps are often followed up with meals