中考英语专项复习 构词法（二）导学案 人教新目标版

1、构词法（二） 英语词汇是学好英语的基础，但英语单词千千万万。构词法可以方便我们记单词还可以帮助我们辨认单词的词性。同时，构词法对我们作阅读理解时猜测词义也有很大的帮助。下面我们一起将初中阶段常见的构词法总结一下。【名词加词缀的变化】温馨提示：下面各词要先在横线上写出所对应的单词，然后在括号内写出其汉意。注意，并非所有的词都是直接变化。1.名词加后缀“y”变成形容词（一）表示天气sun-_( ) wind -_( ) cloud -_( ) rain -_( ) snow -_( ) （二）表示具有某种性质的fun-_( ) health -_( ) noise-_( ) salt-_( ) l

2、uck -_( ) sleep -_( ) s2. 名词加后缀 “-full（充满.的）”或 “-less（缺少.的）”变成形容词care_ ( ) _( ) use-_( ) _( ) color-_( ) _ ( ) help-_( ) _( )hope -_( ) _ ( )success-_( ) wonder-_( ) peace-_( ) play-_( ) home-_( )3.表示方向的名词后加后缀 “-ern”变成形容词，意思是某个方位的east-_( ) west -_( ) south-_( ) north-_( )4.名词后加 “-al”变成形容词，表示具有某种性质的p

3、erson- _( ) education_( ) tradition-_( ) medicine-_( ) music -_( )5.名词或动词后加 “-ed”变成形容词（主要修饰人），加 “ing”变成形容词（主要修饰物）move-_( ) _( )bore-_( ) _( ) tire-_( ) _( )interest-_( )_( )excite-_( ) _( )surprise-_( ) _( )disappoint-_( )_ ( )embarrass-_( )_ ( )6.名词后加 “-ly”变成形容词friend-_( ) love-_( ) 7. 名词后加 “-ous”变

4、成形容词danger-_( ) mystery-_( ) humor-_( )danger -_( )8.名词或动词后加“-able”变成形容词Value-_( )comfort-_( ）【动词加词缀的变化】1.动词加后缀 “-er”或” “-or”变成名词，意思是从事这种工作的人work-_( ) sing-_( )each-_( ) drive-_( )write-_( ) dance-_( ) win-_( ) run-_( ) act-_( )direct-_( )visit-_ ( ) invent-_ ( ) 2.动词加后缀 “-tion”或” “-ion”变成名词，意思常不变 c

5、ollect-_(收藏) invent-_(发明)pollute-_( )educate-_( ) invite-_( )3.动词加后缀 “-ment”变成名词，意思常不变 agree-_( )punish-_( )improve-_( )develop-_( )move-_( )4. 动词加前缀“dis-”变成意思相反的动词appear-_( ) like-_( ) agree-_( )【形容词的变化】1. 形容词加后缀 “-ly”变副词 quick-_( ) strong-_( ) heavy-_( ) angry-_( ) happy-_( ) lucky-_( ) healthy-_(

6、 ) noisy-_( ) usual-_( ) careful-_( ) real-_( ) successful-_( ) terrible-_( ) possible-_( ) 2. 形容词加后缀“-ness”变名词 kind-_( ) happy-_( )ill-_( ) 3.形容词加前缀“un-”变成意思相反的形容词happy-_ ( ) comfortable-_( )crowded-_( ) easy-_( )expected-_( ) believable-_( )Usual-_( ) fair-_( )【巩固练习】1.That man was _enough，he told

7、us everything we needed.A. care B. carefulC. carelessD. carelessness2.The soldier died for saving the child，so his_ is heavier than Mount Tai.A. die B. dead C. died D. death3.The child looked _at his brother who was badly wounded. A .sadly B. sadness C. sadly D. sad4.You did a good job, we are all _

8、of you! A. proud B. proudly C. pride D. pridely5.To everyones _，the girl finished the job quite well. A. surprise B. surprised C. surprising6.Mum,the soup is not _enough. A little more _,please.【2015菏泽改】A. salt, salt B. salty, salty C. salt, salty D. salty, salt 7._, a lot of people died in the eart

9、hquake. A. Lucky B. Unlucky C. Luckily D. Unluckily8.Neither Mr. Zhang nor his students _in how to clone a dog.A. is interesting B. is interested C. are interesting D. are interested9. The _who drank wine mustnt drive. Its _.A. drive, danger B. driver, dangerous C. drive, dangerous D. driver, danger

10、10.Landing on the moon sounds_. I hope i can go there on day. A. wonderful B. wonderfully C. wonder11.Jack always talks to us_. We think he is a good boy. A. Angrily B. Politely C. Seriously12.What was the secret to my_? It was hard working! A. Happiness B. Success C. Kindness13. Jessicas parents always encourage her _out her opinions. A. speak B. speaker C. to speak D. Speaking14. I think Zhou Xun is one of th