subjunctive_mood_1.ppt

1、虚拟语气,subjunctive mood,一、三种语气,语气是表示说话人对说话内容的看法的一种语法 范畴，英语中有三种语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。,二、虚拟语气,虚拟语气是把动作当作存在于讲话人想象的 “假设”或“推测”，而不是当作客观现实的真实事件，它表达的是“怀疑, 推测，想象或祝愿” 等。,e.g.,I wish I were a white cloud. 但愿我是一片云。 Not to be moved by the sight would require a heart of stone. 除非铁石心肠，谁都会被那情景所感动。,三、虚拟语气在条件句种的运用,虚拟条件句 与现

2、在事实相反 与过去事实相反 与将来事实相反,if +动词过去式,would +动词原形,if had +过去分词,would have + 过去分词,一般过去式,were + 不定式,should +动词原形,would/ should +动词原形,e.g.,He wouldnt feel so cold if he were indoors. 他要是在室内就不会觉得冷了。 If he had forgotten the time, he would have missed the plane. 他要是忘了时间的话,他不会赶上飞机。 If I were to do the work, I sh

3、ould do it in a different way. 要是我做这项工作， 我会以不同的方式去做。,Lets do it together:,1. You didnt come yesterday, so you didnt see him. If you _yesterday, you _ him. 2. I cant meet you tomorrow, because I have to work. If I _ to work, I _ meet you tomorrow.,had come,would have seen,didnt have,would/ could be a

4、ble to,3. You didnt do as I told you, so you didnt succeed. If you _as I told you, you _ . 4. The water in the river was too cold, so he didnt swim in it. If the water in the river _ so cold, he _ in it.,had done,would have succeeded,had not been,would have swum,Notes:,1. 条件句中有should, could, were, h

5、ad 时，可以省略if, 而把 were, should, could had,放在主语前，用倒装结构，这种用法主要是用于书面语中。,e.g.,Were it necessary, I might resign. 如果需要的话，我可以辞职。 Had you informed me earlier, I wouldnt have signed the contract. 要是你早些告诉我的话，我是不会签那份合同的。,5._the smallest mistake, the successful launching of the spacecraft would have been impossi

6、ble. A) Were there to be B) If there were C) Had there been D) Would there have been,Lets do it together:,C,6. Had she been older, she _ less sympathetic. A) had been B) might be C) would be D) might have been,D,7. _ tomorrow, I should be only too glad to meet her at the bus station. A) Were she to

7、arrive B) She was to arrive C) If she was to arrive D) She would arrive,A,2.在错综时间条件句中，虚拟条件句和主句动作发生的时间不一致，因此，主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。,e.g.,Had I taken my umbrella with me when I came out this morning, I should not be wet now. 如果我早上出门时带了伞， 现在就不会淋湿了。,过去,现在,If I were you, I wouldnt have missed

8、 the film last night. 如果我是你，我就不会错过昨晚那场电影。 If you hesitated this moment, you might suffer in future. 如果你此刻犹豫不决的话，你以后会吃苦头的。,现在,过去,现在,将来,四、虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用,1. 动词 wish 后的宾语从句用虚拟语气。 与现在事实相反， 用 were 或动词的一般过去式。 与过去事实相反，用 had +过去分词或would/could +have+过去分词; 表示将来没有把握或不大可能实现的愿望，用 would/should/could/might + 动词原形,e.

9、g.,I wish she had taken my advice. I wish she were here. I wish you would go with us tomorrow.,Exercise 8,A: You have made some mistakes. B: I wish _mistakes every day. dont havent made wouldnt have made didnt made,D,2. if only 后用虚拟语气,谓语动词用一般过去时表示没有实现的愿望，用过去完成时表示过去没有实现的愿望，常译为“要是就好了” e.g. If only I c

10、ould speak several foreign languages! 我要是能讲几种外语就好了！,9. If only he _there in time. A) arrives B) had arrived C) has arrived D) will arrive,B,3. 虚拟语气在suggest, order, demand 等后的宾语从句中。,在propose, command, request, insist, require, decide, promise, ask, advise, recommend 等意念动词、祈使动词或态度动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用动词原形或s

11、hould +动词原形。,It is /was decided/ desired/ ordered/ proposed/requested/required/suggested that 结构中，主语从句用(should )+动词原形。 It is required that he arrive on time.,Suggestion,motion(提议）, proposal,order, idea, advice, decision, recommendation建议，推荐等名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中，也是用should动词原形。 Your advice that he (should

12、) wait till tomorrow is reasonable. My idea is that we challenge it.,e.g.,She insisted that the seats (should) be booked in advance. 她坚持要预定座位。 They requested that he (should) sing a song. 他们要求他唱支歌。,10. The project required that more time _ (be) put in since it was so difficult. 11. Jeans uncle insis

13、ts _ in this hotel. A) he stays B) that he not stay C) not to stay D) staying not,be,B,4. 虚拟语气用在important, necessary 等后的从句中。,形容词important, necessary, essential, desirable, right, good 等， 可构成“ It is + 形容词（名词）+ that”, 其后的句子要用虚拟语气， 用(should)+动词原形,e.g.,It is necessary that some immediate effort (should)

14、 be made. 必须立即采取行动。 It is essential that the program (should) be loaded into computer. 把程序输进计算机非常必要。,12. It is natural that an employee _ his work on time. A) finished B) finishes C) finish D) finishing,C,5. It is (high, about) time句型要用虚拟语气。,It is time we went to bed. 我们早该就寝了。 It is high time that w

15、e were off. 是我们该走的时候了。,It is high time you _. A) start to work B) started working C) had started to work D) would start to work,B,6. 以as if (as though) 引导的方式状语从句或表语从句， 有时用虚拟语气。,1. 从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时； 2. 表示与过去事实相反， 用had + 过去分词。 3. 表示将来的可能性不大，用would( might, could) + 动词原形。,e.g.,He talks about pyram

16、ids as though he had seen them himself. 他谈起金字塔来， 就好像亲眼见过似的。 I feel (felt) as if we had known each other for years. 我感到好象我们已经认识多年了。,They told the story as if they _ it. A) had experienced B) were experience C) have experienced D) would experience,A,但as if ( as though ) 后面的从句有时也可以用陈述语气， 这是因为从句中的情况往往是可

17、能发生或可能被设想为真实的。,It looks as if our side is going to win. 看来我方有赢的可能。,7. would rather than 和 wouldrather than 后面的句子用虚拟语气。,这个结构中， than 后的从句要用should + 动词原型， 而且than 后的从句可用或可不用that 引导。 I would rather die than (that) he should know the secret. 我宁愿死， 也不会让他知道那个秘密。,Id rather you just _ in bed and _ anything fo

18、r at least two weeks. A) stayed - did B) stay - dont C) stayed - dont do D) stayed - didnt do,在would sooner, would just as soon, would rather, had rather后的谓语动词有两种形式：1. 用过去时表示对现在或将来的愿望（be用were). 2. 用过去完成时表示对过去情况的愿望或懊悔。 I would rather you came tomorrow. I would rather you didnt go tonight. John would rather tha