Grammar08_Infinitive.ppt

1、Welcome To,College English Grammar,Unit 8 Infinitive,Unit 8 Infinitive,在句子中充当谓语之外的成分的动词是非限定动词； 这些动词具有一般动词的许多特性，例如时态、语态的变化，但没有单复数的变化。 非限定动词 (infinitive verb)分三种： - 不定式动词（the infinitive）; - 分词（ the participle）; - 现在分词（ the present participle） - 过去分词（the past participle） - 动名词（the gerund）; 例如： 1. Tom f

2、ound the prescribed text hard to read. 2. Helen has a smiling face. 3. Your written English is good. 4. Smoking is harmful to health.,Unit 8 Infinitive,worth; worthwhile; worthy of 1. Do you think the questions worth discussing? 你认为这些问题值得讨论吗？ 2. It is worth the trouble. 麻烦一点是值得的。 3.This second-hand

3、car is worth $2000 at the most. 这辆二手车最多值2000美金。 4. It is worthwhile visiting the museum. 参观博物馆是值得的。 5. It is worthwhile to consider this point more closely. 更严密地考虑这一点是值得的。 6. It is a worthwhile job. 这是一份值得做的工作.,Unit 8 Infinitive,worth, worthy of, worthwhile 7. If you wish to achieve worthwhile thing

4、s in your personal and career life, you must become a worthwhile person in your own self-development. 如果你希望在个人生活和职业生涯中取得有价值的成就，你就必须通过自我提升来成为一个有价值的人。 8. The film is worthy to be seen again. = The film is worthy of being seen again. = The film is worth seeing again. 这部电影值得再看一遍。 9. Sam is a worker wort

5、hy of praise. （后置定语，必须用worthy of+名词结构） 山姆是一个值得表扬的工人。 10. Freedom is the only worthy goal in life. 自由是生活中唯一值得追寻的目标。 11. We all consider him to be a worthy gentleman. 我们都认为他是一个受人敬仰的绅士。,Unit 8 Infinitive,不带to的动词不定式 1. 在had better, would rather, would ratherthan, rather than, would sooner, cannot but, c

6、annot help but, do nothing but (/besides/except), might (just) as well等结构之后 - They would rather (would sooner) die than surrender. 他们宁死也不投降。 - She cant do anything but ask silly questions. 她一个劲地问一些傻问题。 - For environmental reasons, we might as well take these cards and recycle. 出于环保的考虑，我们不妨这些卡片回收再利用。

7、 - You had better not have done so. 你要是没有这样做就好啦。 - I prefer to write to her rather than telephone her. 我宁愿给她写信也不愿意给她打电话。 - I love swimming rather than skating. 我喜欢游泳而不喜欢溜冰。,Unit 8 Infinitive,不带to的动词不定式 1. 在had better, would rather, would ratherthan, rather than, would sooner, cannot but, cannot help

8、 but, do nothing but (/besides/except), might (just) as well等结构之后 - Due to the present price level, we cannot help but adjust our offer. 由于目前的价格情况,我方不得不调整报价。 - I want to do nothing but sleep. 我除了睡觉什么都不想干。 - What do you like to do besides swim? 你除了游泳之外喜欢做什么？ - She had no choice but to fight to the en

9、d. 她没有别的选择，只有斗争到底。 （如果but或except前的谓语动词不是do或help，to不能省略。） - He saw no alternative except (/but/save) to appeal to a higher court. 他除了向更高一级法院上诉之外，别无选择。,Unit 8 Infinitive,不带to的动词不定式 2.以why引导的疑问句中不用to: - Why leave the window open? 为什么把窗子开着？ - Why not do it right now? 为什么不现在就干？ P86 区别： I never heard him

10、speak ill of others. I never heard him spoken ill of. 我从来没有听他说过别人的坏话。/ 我从来没有听到别人说他的坏话。,Unit 8 Infinitive,动词不定式、v-ing动词和v-ed动词的区别 不定式：1. 表目的和将来。 2. 充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语 以及状语（一般是原因、目的、结果 等）。 动名词/现在分词：1. 表主动和进行。 2. 作主语、宾语、补语、表语、 定语、状语 过去分词：1. 表被动和完成。 2. 作表语、定语、宾补以及状语等。,Unit 8 Infinitive,动词不定式、v-ing动词和v-ed动

11、词的区别 不定式和分词作状语的区别 A. 分词作状语一般表示伴随，而不定式常常表示目的。 例句： 1. To test his idea, they recruited 276 healthy volunteers ranging in age from 18 to 35. 2. Holding the rope with one hand, he stretches out the other to the girl in the water. 比较：1. They stood by the roadside talking about the plan 他们站在路边谈论着这个计划。(伴随)

12、 2. They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan 他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。(目的),Unit 8 Infinitive,动词不定式、v-ing动词和v-ed动词的区别 分词作状语放在句子开头，表示原因、时间或条件。动词不定式作状语时，表示目的、结果或原因。例句： 1. Reading attentively，he forgot the time for lunch (原因) 2. Reading carefully，he found something he had not known before (时间) 3. Readin

13、g carefully，youll learn something new (条件) 4. His family was too poor to support him (结果) 5. The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf (结果) 6. We are glad to hear the news (原因) 7. She got up early to catch the first train to London. （目的）,Unit 8 Infinitive,动词不定式、v-ing动词和v-ed动词的区别 不定式和分词作定语的区

14、别 A. 不定式作定语，一般放在所修饰的名词之后，作后置定语。 B. 不定式和所修饰的名词之间的关系，一般为：主谓关系、动宾关系和同位关系。（P85） C.分词作定语，可以放在所修饰的名词之前，也可以放在名词之后，相当于形容词。 D.分词做后置定语时，相当于形容词从句。(P99) 例句： 1. Every week we have a lot of meetings to attend. 2. People wishing to visit the caves should bring a raincoat and a torch with them.,Unit 8 Infinitive,大学

15、英语语法第十一讲 - 动词不定式 1.We had better _ the doctor earlier. A. to see B. seeingC. having seen D. have seen 2.Madame Curie is believed _ the radium. A. discovering B. having discovered C. to have discovered D. to discover 3. Where shall I put my boxes? The drawer is the place _. A. to put themB. putting t

16、hem in C. to put in themD. to put them in She could do nothing but _ her name under the circumstances. A. to changeB. changing C. to be changing D. change,Unit 8 Infinitive,大学英语语法第十一讲 - 动词不定式 5. It is easy _ me to see through his trick. A. of B. forC. with D. to It is careless _ you to make such a m

17、istake. A. ofB. forC. thatD. with TV makes it possible _ the world into your home in sight and sound. A. you to bringB. for you to bring C. you bringingD. for you to have brought Shes going to the photographers _. A. to take her photograph B. to have taken her photograph C. to have her photograph ta

18、ken D. that he takes her photograph,Unit 8 Infinitive,大学英语语法第十一讲 - 动词不定式 To learn to speak English well, _. A. much practice is needed B. one needs much practice C. much practice is needed by one D. one is needed much practice Thermostats（恒温器） have made possible for a set temperature to be kept constant. To hear him to talk, one would take him for a fool. Because of air pollution being greatly reduce