新目标八年级英语下册一二单元基础知识总结.ppt

1、第十一讲 八年级(下) Units 12,复习目标导航,考点完全攻略,同步训练,7possible(反义词) impossibleadv.possibly 8out of style(反义短语) in style 9surpriseadj.惊奇的 surprisedadj. 令人惊奇的 surprising 10failn.失败 failure(反义词)v.成功 succeed 11return(同义短语)give back 12organizedv.组织 organize,1Do you think there_will_be robots in peoples homes? 你认为人们家里

2、将会有机器人吗？(Unit 1) 本句是一个含有宾语从句的主从复合句，其中宾语从句是there be句式的一般将来时。 There be表示“某处/某时有某人/某物”，此处的“有”表示存在关系，其主语在There be后面。当主语是单数名词或不可数名词时，be动词用is或was；主语为复数名词时，be动词用are或were。但当主语为多个名词时，be动词的选择采取就近原则，即与离它最近的名词一致。如： There is a book and two rulers on the desk. 桌子上有一本书和两把尺子。,There are two rulers and a book on the

3、desk. 桌子上有两把尺子和一本书。 There be句型的一般将来时，可用There will be或There is/are going to be.表示，如： There will/is going to be a basketball match this evening. 今晚将有一场篮球赛。 There be句型中就主语提问用Whats.如： Theres a_picture on the wall.墙上有幅画。 Whats on the wall？墙上有什么？ There be句型的反意疑问句中附加疑问句为“be动词的,肯定/否定形式there？”。如： There are f

4、ew people in the park，are there? 公园里几乎没有人，对吗？ 2Will people use money in_100_years? 一百年以后人们还使用钱吗？(Unit 1) in 100 years意为“一百年以后”，“in一段时间”常用于将来时的句子中，意为“在(一段时间)之后”，表示从现在算起多长时间之后，对此提问要用how soon。如： How soon will he be back？多久他才回来？ He will be back in two days.他两天后回来。,【辨析】 in与after in表示以现在为起点的将来一段时间之后，常用于表示

5、将来的时态中。 after也表示“在(一段时间)之后”，但多表示过去的一段时间之后，通常用于表示过去的时态中。但若表示将来某一时刻之后，要用after而不能用in。如： Mr. Brown will fly to Beijing in 3 hours. 三小时后布朗先生将飞往北京。 After half an hour，the boys went to play soccer. 半小时后，男孩们去踢足球了。,She will finish the work after 6 oclock. 她将在六点后完成那项工作。 3Ill live in Shanghai，because I went to

6、 Shanghai last year and fell_in_love_with it.我要住在上海，因为去年我去了趟上海，并喜欢上了那个地方。(Unit 1) fall in love with是一个固定短语，意为“喜欢；爱上”，通常指突然间爱上某人或某物。如： They fell in love with each other.他们相爱了。,4.because I dont like living alone.因为我不喜欢一个人住。(Unit 1) 【辨析】 alone与lonely alone既可用作副词(单独地；独自地by oneself)，也可用作形容词(单独的；独身的)，表示客观

7、情况。 lonely只能作形容词，表示人主观上感到“孤独的”，感情色彩浓厚；也可修饰地点，意为“人迹稀少的；荒凉的”。如： Mr. Read lives alone in the lonely village，but he is never lonely. 里德先生寡居于偏僻的村庄中却从未感到孤单。,5Some scientists believe that there will be such robots in the future.有些科学家相信未来将会有这样的机器人。(Unit 1) 【辨析】 such与so,这个周末我们过得很无聊。 Its a waste of time to as

8、k so many people to do so little work.让这么多的人干这么少的活真是浪费时间。 6Everyone else in my class was invited except me. 除了我以外，我班其他人都受到了邀请(Unit 2) 【辨析】 except，besides与but,except“不包括；除之外”，不包含后边的内容，前面常用表示整体的词。 besides“除之外(还有)”，包括后面的内容。 but可与except换用，但but常与no one，nobody，nothing，all，everyone，everything等连用。 They all

9、went to the zoo except Tom. 除了汤姆，他们都去了动物园。 What other sports do you play besides soccer? 除了足球，你还做哪些运动？,There is nothing but a desk in the room.房间里除了一张课桌外，什么也没有。 7Im very upset and dont know what_to_do. 我很苦恼，不知道该怎么办。(Unit 2) what to do是动词不定式的复合结构，其结构为“疑问代词/副词动词不定式”，它表示一个完整的意义，在本句中作宾语。“疑问词动词不定式”结构在句中可

10、以作主语、宾语、表语、宾补等。如： When to start is unknown.何时开始还不知道。(作主语) The boy wanted to know when to leave. 这个男孩想知道什么时候离开。(作宾语),The question is how to get there. 问题是如何到那儿。(作表语) Could you tell me how to get to the museum? 你能告诉我如何到博物馆吗？(作宾补) how to do意为“怎么做”，do后面要接宾语；而what to do中的what作do的宾语，故do后不能再加宾语。如： I dont k

11、now how to do it.我不知道如何去做这件事。 I dont know what to do.我不知道做什么。,8Shes really nice，and we get_on well，but she always borrows my things.她非常好，并且我们相处得很好，但是她总是借我的东西。(Unit 2) get onget along相处；进展；与合得来 get on/along well with sb.与某人相处得好 get on/along well with sth.某事进展得好 How are you getting on/along with sb./s

12、th.? 你与某人相处得怎样？/某事进展如何？ How does Gina get on with her friends? 吉娜与她的朋友相处得怎么样？,Hes new here，but he seems to be getting on fine. 他是新来的，但他好像挺适应的。 注意：get on也表示“上车”，反义短语为get off。,八年级下(12单元) (训练时间：60分钟分值：100分),基础知识过关 一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空(9分) 1My clothes _ (be) out of style. 2My dad didnt allow me _ (argue)wi

13、th my mom. 3The old man doesnt like my _ _ (sister)clothes and haircut. 4They can work out the problems by _ _ (them). 5In 100 years，people _ (work)on a space station. 6In 1863 Lincoln gave _ _(free) to all American slaves.,are,to argue,sisters,themselves,will work,freedom,7So far, man has _ (send)

14、many manmade satellites to the moon. 8How many _ (toothbrush) does your family need? 9I think there will be _ (few)trees in the future. 二、根据汉语提示补全句子(16分) 1暖和的衣服可以御风寒。 Warm clothing will _ the cold. 2他将要为这种愚蠢行为而受报应。 He will have to _ this foolish behavior. 3他一到上海就爱上了这个地方。,sent,toothbrushes,fewer,keep

15、 out,pay for,He _ it as soon as he arrived in Shanghai. 4那个农场主在他的农场里养了几百头猪。 The farmer keeps _ pigs on his farm. 5他的理想迟早会实现。 His dream will _ sooner or later. 6这两位同志相处得很好。 The two comrades _ very well together. 7也许我们该学会自己做事。 Maybe we _ to do things _.,fell in love with,hundreds of,come true,get on,s

16、hould learn,by ourselves,8现在的中学生压力不是太大了。 Students in high schools today are not under _ 三、句型转换(15分) 1Hes getting_a_cold.(就画线部分提问) _ with him? 2We get on well with our classmates.(就画线部分提问) _ do you _ on with your classmates? 3Maybe you should telephone him.(改为同义句) Maybe you should _ him _.,too much p

17、ressure.,Whats wrong,How,get,call,up,4My mother will come back home in_two_months.(就画线部分提问) _ will your mother come back home? 5The girl will be a doctor when she grows up.(改为一般疑问句) _ the girl _ a doctor when she grows up? 综合能力提高 一、单项选择(10分),How soon,Will,be,1(2011沈阳)I dont know the city.Where can I

18、 find _ good restaurant? Aa Ban Cthe D/ 【解析】冠词的用法。第一次提到的事物一般用不定冠词a或an，第二次提到或特指的一般用定冠词the，从本句的表达可知，是第一次提到，故答案为A。 【答案】A,2Teenagers have all kinds of dreams. _， some students would like to go to the moon some day. AAfter all BAt once CIn fact DFor example 【解析】考查短语辨析。after all“归根结底，毕竟”；at once“立刻，马上”；in

19、 fact“事实上”；for example“例如”。故选D。 【答案】D,3Its a good habit _ breakfast every day. Ahad Bhave Chas Dto have 【解析】考查固定结构。Its a good habit to do sth.意为“干某事是一个好习惯”，故选D。 【答案】D,4Is Jim at home by himself? No. Theres another boy _ with him. Aplaying Bplay Cplays Dto play 【解析】考查现在分词作后置定语的用法。playing在句中作后置定语，句意为“

20、吉姆一个人在家吗？”“不，另一个男孩正在和他一起玩。”故选A。 【答案】A,5Excuse me, is this seat taken? _.That man got his books and left a few minutes ago. AIm afraid so BI dont think so CI dont know DI hope not 【解析】考查交际用语。由问句“打扰了，这个座位被占了吗？”和答语“那个人拿着书几分钟前离开了。”可知，选B。 【答案】B,6My parents always tell me _ others late at night. Theyre ri

21、ght. Its not polite. Acall Bnot call Cto call Dnot to call 【解析】考查动词不定式的用法。tell sb.to do sth.意为“告诉某人干某事”，其否定形式为tell sb.not to do sth.故选D。 【答案】D,7(2011凉山)I dont know the new word. It doesnt matter，you can _ in the dictionary. Alook up it Blook it up Clook for it 【解析】考查动词短语的辨析。look for的意思是“寻找”；look up的

22、意思是“查字典”，跟代词时应该放在look与up的中间，句意“你可以在字典中查一下它”，因此答案为B项。 【答案】B,8(2011昆明)Excuse me，this shirt is too big for me.Would you mind giving me a smaller one? _.Here you are. ACertainly BYoud better not CNot at all DYoure welcome 【解析】考查交际用语。由Here you are.知道对方并不介意。 【答案】C,9(2011凉山)He doesnt tell me _.Can you tell

23、 me his address? Awhere he lives Bwhere does he live Cwhere he lives in 【解析】考查宾语从句的用法。宾语从句的语序为陈述语序，表示住在某地用live，where在句中作状语，不需要介词in，故选A。 【答案】A,10(2011沈阳)I wonder _ like to be an astronaut(宇航员) I dont know，but I imagine its exciting. Awhat is it Bwhat it is Cwhether is it Dwhether it is 【解析】考查宾语从句的用法。

24、句意“我想知道作为一名宇航员是什么样子的。”wonder后面接宾语从句，应该用陈述句语序，故选B。 【答案】B 二、完形填空(20分),阅读下面短文，根据短文内容及首字母提示补全文中所缺的单词。 Years ago，if a teenager had some problems in his life，he might write them in his diary.Now a teenager w_1_ the same problems might get on the Internet and write them in his blog.In many ways，a diary and

25、 a blog are almost the same.So，what makes a blog d_2_ from a diary? The biggest difference is that a blog is much more public t_3_ a diary.Usually，a teenager likes hiding his diary book and treats it as one full of s_4_.Both diaries and blogs tell what happened to the writer that day.,A blog has bot

26、h good and bad points(特点)The biggest problem is that anyone can read what you write in your blog.If you are not satisfied with a friend during school and write something bad about him in your diary，he will never know it.H_5_，if you do this on the Internet，that friend may read your blog and get a_6_.

27、So we have to be careful of what we write. A blog has good points，of course.People choose to write in blogs；they know that their friends will read what they write.If you are f_7_ sad one day and write in your diary，no,one will know about it.If you write the same words in your blog，your friends may q

28、uickly w_8_ back to comfort you or offer their help.Blogs help people stay in close contact(联系)and let them know what their friends are doing. T_9_ its a good way to write blogs about everyday life，I still p_10_ my old diary. 【答案】 1with【解析】题意为“现在有同样问题的青少年可以登录网络，写在他们的博客里”，故填with。,2different/differ【解析

29、】题意为“那么，什么使得博客与日记不同？”故填different/differ。 3than【解析】题意为“最大的不同是博客比日记更公开一些”，故填than。 4secrets【解析】题意为“通常青少年喜欢把日记本藏起来，认为里面藏有许多秘密”，故填secrets。 5However【解析】题意为“然而，你如果在网上写这些东西，那个朋友将会读到你的博客”，故填转折连词However。 6angry/annoyed【解析】由题意知，那个朋友读到你对他不满意的内容时，他会生气，故填angry/annoyed。,7feeling【解析】题意为“如果有一天你感到悲伤，把它写在日记里，没有人会知道这件事

30、”，故填feeling。 8write【解析】题意为“如果你把相同的话语写在博客里，你的朋友们可能很快给你回信来安慰你或提供帮助”，故填write。 9Though【解析】题意为“尽管博客是一种好的方式”，故填Though。 10prefer【解析】题意为“我仍然更喜爱老的日记”，故填prefer。 三、阅读理解(10分) (2011临沂)Jia Meng used to keep a diary(日记)in,Chinese.But one year ago，the 14yearold girl from Heilongjiang began to write her diaries in E

31、nglish，because Jia found her mother was reading her diary secretly.She changed the language because her mother cant read English.“Its like killing two birds with one stone，”said Jia.“My privacy(隐私)becomes safe and my English improves a lot.” Jias mother is not the only mom who reads her childs diary

32、.Recently，Renmin University of China had a national survey among over 2,300 parents.The results show that about 40% of parents read their childrens secrets.Thats why，like Jia，,many teenagers try to find ways to protect(保护)their privacy. Wu Lei,15，of Shanxi，keeps a diary，too.But he doesnt write it on

33、 paper.He writes online，which he thinks is perfectly safe because his parents “know nothing about the Internet” Lu Huan,13，of Guangdong，said her parents always secretly listened to the talk between her friends and her on the telephone in their room.To solve this problem，Lu asked her parents to buy h

34、er a mobile phone. “Parents want to know what is going on in their childrens lives，”said Shao Xiazhen，a teenage expert in Beijing.,“But sometimes they go about it the wrong way.”Shao suggested to teenagers that instead of hiding their secrets，talking to parents is a better solution.“If your parents

35、know that you are safe，theyll let you keep your secrets.” 根据短文内容，判断下列句子正误。正确的用“A”表示，不正确的用“B”表示。 1Jia Meng writes her diaries in English in order to improve her English. 【解析】由第一段最后一句Jia Meng所说的话“My privacy becomes safe and my English improves a lot.”可知，Jia Meng,用英语写日记有两个目的：保护隐私和提高英语。故本句表述片面。 【答案】B 2R

36、ecently，Renmin University of China had a national survey，and the results show that about 40% of parents read their childrens secrets. 【解析】由第二段的第二、三句“Recently，Renmin University of China.The results show that about 40% of parents read their childrens secrets.”可知本句正确。 【答案】A,3Keeping a diary online is the best way to protect the privacy according to the article. 【解析】由第三段可知，Wu Lei认为在网上写日记很安全是因为他的父母对网络一无所知。故本题说法错误。 【答案】B 4Lu Huan asked her parents to buy her a mobile phone in order to protect her privacy. 【解析】由第四段可知，为了保护自己的隐私，Lu Huan让她的父母给她买了一部手机。故本题正确。 【答案】A,5Shao