陈建德 论文发表并获发表manuscript-Preparation-Wuhan-2009-6-30.ppt

1、How to Publish English Papers in International Journals,Jiande Chen, PhD University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, Texas Jiande.ChenUTMB.edu,Why Do I Choose This Topic,English University Entrance Exam (1978): 40% Published Peer-reviewed SCI Papers: 296 Published papers: 20-30/year Citations of p

2、apers: about 300-500/year Revision of own manuscripts: 250 Review of manuscripts: 300,Outlines of Presentation,How is a Manuscript Judged? How to Prepare a Manuscript? How to Revise a Manuscript?,How is a Manuscript Judged?,What is the Editor Looking for?,Relevance to the Journal Clinical vs. Basic

3、General vs. Specialty Impact factor vs. Quality of Data Will this paper increase the impact factor? Good topic New findings Excellent presentation,What is a Reviewer Looking for?,If the manuscript is exciting, the reviewer will try to help you by identifying problems for improvement If not interesti

4、ng, the reviewer will find reasons to reject it,The Reviewer knows the field very well who can hardly be fooled,The Reviewer knows the field very well who can hardly be fooled,The Reviewer knows the field very well who can hardly be fooled,The Reviewer knows the field very well who can hardly be foo

5、led,The Reviewer knows the field very well who can hardly be fooled,How a Manuscript is Judged?,Originality/novelty New discovery/technology Enhanced/comprehensive findings More convincing findings Experimental design Controlled Randomized Simple or comprehensive Observatory or mechanistic,Conductio

6、n of experiment Data recording and analysis Technology used in the experiment Reliability/reproducibility of data Completeness and comprehensive Presentation of data (Manuscript) Statistical analysis Data supporting conclusions Figures/tables Discussion: relevant,How is a Manuscript Judged,Well Orga

7、nized,Too simple, nothing new Lousy and careless writing “Full” of grammar errors/typos Inconsistent formatting Poorly prepared manuscript Lousy introduction/discussion Lack of details in the Methods Poorly presented results that are difficult for the reviewer to follow “Out of date” references,Reas

8、ons for Rejection,How to Prepare a Manuscript?,How to write a paragraph?,Poor paragraph that may “kill” a reviewer “In our class, there are 10 students from USA. Thirty students are Chinese. Fifty percent of them are from European countries.” Suggested paragraph Put relevant information in one parag

9、raph 1st sentence is a summarizing sentence Do not boast the ability of your language “Our class is international. There are 10 students from USA, 30 student from China and 40 students from European countries”,How to write a sentence?,“After being operated, we gave pain medications to rats”. “Ten ra

10、ts were used to study the effect of this drug” “10 rats were used in this experiment and it contained 4 sessions” Construct a sentence: Choose a correct SUBJECT (most important element) Matching: Subject, verb and object Whenever possible, use simple sentence instead of complex sentence. Do not star

11、t a sentence with a number,How to choose correct words?,“The aim of this study was to investigate some effects of a new drug in animals. The experiment was performed in certain rats. The results were very promising. We are pleased to conclude that this drug can be used to treat many diseases” Choice

12、 of correct words Be consistent with rare terminologies Be direct, precise and accurate Never use vague and non-scientific words,How to Choose Tense?,Basic 3 categories of sentences in a manuscript Common knowledge: present tense Findings of your data: past tense Previous findings: ? Cite previous f

13、indings Present tense: It has been reported that SK-01 is effective in improving stomach emptying. “SK-01 has been reported to improve stomach emptying” Past tense: It was reported that SK-01 was effective in improving stomach emptying Do NOT use: SK-01 is effective in improving stomach emptying (me

14、aning: universal truth),How to Choose Tense,Aims: Past tense Introduction: Can be any tense Methods: Past tense Results: Past or present tense Discussion: Can be any tense Conclusions: Present tense,Determine Your Melody,What is your melody (major discovery)? Totally/partially new discovery More com

15、prehensive/convincing discovery Little new This melody must be reflected in the title, abstract, introduction, method, results, discussion and references.,Order of Preparation,Results,Methods,Introduction,Discussion,Abstract,References,Results,Presentation of Results,Itemize primary findings Itemize

16、 secondary findings (be comprehensive including non-significant data) Presentations Paragraph: majors followed with minor, points-by-points Language: simple, clear, logical and easy to understand and compare Figures/tables: illustrate major findings High quality, legibility, consistency,Methods,“It

17、is written in such a way that others could easily duplicate your experiment” Subjects or animal preparation Experimental protocol/design: a line graph is helpful Specific measurements: descript one by one Data analysis (major items and references) Statistical analysis Standard deviation or standard

18、error Parameteric/nonparametric ANOVA or T-test,Introduction,Why this study should be performed/published? Introduce the problem and its significance Briefly tell what has been done Explicitly indicate what is the gap and unknown Introduce what you are going to talk in the manuscript and the importa

19、nce of your study. Aims of the study Do not introduce anything that you are not going to be addressed in the manuscript,Introduction: an Example,Topic: Chinese herbal medicine (CHM-1) for Curing H1/N1 flu. 1st: What is H1/N1 flu and how dangerous it is. 2nd: Current treatment options for H1/N1 flu 3

20、rd: What is Chinese herbal medicine and previous uses of Chinese herbal medicine for flu. Introduce CHM-1 and its related applications. Indicate what is unknown 4th: Aims of this study,Discussion,A short review of the topic in the area of discoveries A place where you can defend your methods or clar

21、ify certain issues Tell reviewers/readers the novelty and importance of your findings Your interpretation of the findings Make your conclusion: a few short sentences which could kill the manuscript (the reviewers are very picky about the conclusions you make).,Preparation of Discussion,Summary of ma

22、jor findings (do not re-present any data). Defend study design/conduction/analysis if needed Point-by-point discussion of findings Finding by others (none, same or opposite) Explain differences (technique, species, samples) Your interpretations of each finding,Preparation of discussion,Possible mech

23、anisms involved with the findings Based on this study Based on previous findings Just anticipation Clinical implications/applications Conclusions Use present tense Be concise and clear Do not make it stronger than your data,ReferencesHidden deal-breaker!,Key references around the major findings Orig

24、inal and most referenced papers/authors Cite major active researchers in the field Be selective if there are ample references Relevance to the manuscript Journal quality Author/group reputation Be sufficient but not too many Avoid citing abstracts unless absolutely needed,Abstract,Two versions are n

25、eed One includes all major points One shortened to meet the requirement of the journal. Conclusions in the abstract should be the same as those in the paper. Do not cite any references,How to Submit and Revise a Manuscript?,How to Submit?,Decide which journal to submit before you start writing Revise to fit Carefully read “Instructions to Authors” Match the requirements of the journal Cite references from THE journal if relevant Suggested reviewers Choose reviewers who may be interested in your work Choose reviewers