英语词性之间的转换与重译.ppt

1、1,3.5 转换法 （Conversion ） In terms of conversion we mean that in translation a word in one language belonging to a certain part of speech is not necessary to be turned into one of the same part of speech in another language. As a matter of fact, conversion in the English language is very common. 所谓转换法

2、，就是说翻译时某一个词在原文中属于某一词性，在译文中没有必要一点要翻译成原来的词性，可根据表达需要或译入语的语言习惯在词性上做一定的调整。,2,1. 转译成动词 英语和汉语相比较，英语属静态语言，汉语属动态语言（见第二章），英语多用名词，汉语多用动词。 往往在英语句子中只用一个谓语动词，而在汉语中却可以几个动词或动词性结构连用。如：The doctors extremely quick arrival and uncommonly careful examination of the patient brought about his very speedy recovery. ( 医生迅速到

3、达，并非常仔细地检查了病人，因此病人很快就恢复了。)仅这一个句子，就可领悟到英汉翻译中词性转译的必要性。,3,A. 由动词的派生词名词（或含有动作意义的名词）转译为动词,2. His very appearance at any affair proclaims it a triumph.,无论什么事情，只要他一露面，就算是成功了。,3. Every morning she would go to the lake for a walk.,每天早上，她都要去湖区散步。,4. A view of Mt. E-mei can be obtained from here.,从这儿可以看到峨嵋山。,4

4、,5. He is no smoker, but his father is a chain-smoker.,6. He was a regular visitor.,他倒是不抽烟，但他的爸爸却一支接一支地抽（是个老烟枪）。,他经常来。,B. 英语中加后缀-er, -or 的名词，在句中并不表身份和职业，而是含有较强的动作意义。,7. He is a good eater and good sleeper.,他能吃能睡。,5,8. Millions of the people in the mountainous areas are finally off poverty.,千百万山区人终于摆

5、脱了贫穷。,C. 介词转换为动词,这妇女带着她的两个女儿道了。,他来到我家，请求帮助。,10. The woman, with her two daughters, arrived.,9. He came to my home for help.,6,D. 形容词转换成动词,11. It was a very informative meeting. 会上透露了许多信息。,7,2. 转译成名词 A. Verbs-Nouns 英语中有许多由名词派生的动词，以及由名词转用的动词，在汉语中往往不易找到相应的动词，这时可将其转译成汉语的名词。如： 1. She behaves as if she we

6、re a child. 她的举止跟一个孩子一样。 2. A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an American, got into the car. 一个衣着讲究的人上了车，他的言谈举止酷似美国人。,8,汉译英时，动词转换成名词的现象更加普遍，如： 1. 他们教导我们要珍惜每一个机会。 They taught us the value of an opportunity. 2. 他妹妹老是说谎。 His sister is a great liar. 3. 她对他们越来越憎恨。 Her hatred for them grew mo

7、re.,9,B. Adjectives-Nouns 1.Official Moscow is going to object the proposal. 莫斯科官方准备反对此项提议。 2. Robin Hood and his merry men hated the rich and loved and protected the poor. 罗宾汉和他的同伴们痛恨阔人，热爱并保护穷人。,10,3. Stevenson was eloquent and elegantbut soft. 史蒂文森有口才、有风度，但很软弱。 4. This problem is no less important

8、 than that one. 这个问题的重要性不亚于那个问题。 5. Glass is more transparent than plastic cloth. 玻璃的透明度比塑料布要好。,11,6. 她非常漂亮。 She is a real beauty. 7. 那个家伙笨的出奇。 That fellow is a typical fool. 8. 你说他傻不傻？ Dont you think he is an idiot?,12,C. AdverbsNouns 1. It is editorially said that 社论说 2. He is strong physically, b

9、ut weak mentally. 他体力很强，可智力很弱。 3. It is officially announced that Paris is invited to the meeting. 官方宣布，巴黎应邀出席会议。,13,3. 转译成形容词 A. NounsAdjectives I can note the grace of her gesture. 我可以看到她优雅的举止。 2. We have seen the beauty of Mt. Tai. 我们看到了美丽的泰山。 3. Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in s

10、tudy. 独立思考是学习所绝对必要的。,14,B. AdverbsAdjectives 4. The English language has changed subtly and pervasively. 英语的变化很敏感，很普遍。 5. She looked at me expectantly. 她用期待的眼光看着我。 6. Hopefully, it will be done early next month. 下月初完成这项工作是大有希望的。,15,7. 他慢条斯理地点了一两下头说：“是的。” “Yes,” he said with a slow nod or two. 8. 他们热

11、忱地欢迎他。 They give him a hearty welcome. 9. 他会立即答复。 He will give an immediate reply.,16,4. 转译成副词 NounsAdverbs 1. The man nodded with satisfaction. 那人满意地点了点头。 2. He had the honor to attend the congress. 他荣幸地出席了代表大会。 3. 这家报纸的社论说，拒不解决夫妻分居的问题，是同中央的精神背道而驰的。 The paper said editorially that it is against the

12、 spirit of the General Committee of our party to refuse to solve the problem of husband and wife living separately.,17,B. AdjectivesAdverbs 3. He had a careful study of the map before he started off. 他在出发前仔细地看了看地图。 4. Can you give an accurate translation of the sentence? 你能准确地把这句话译出来吗？ 很简单，由于英语中带有动作

13、意味的名词汉译为动词，因而原文修饰名词的形容词也业相应地汉译为副词，以便修饰动词。,18,练习： He is physically weak but mentally sound. （adv.n.） I have the honour to inform you that (n.adv.) I recognized the absurdity of dealing with them through intermediaries (中间人). (n.adj.) 他们怀疑这是否是真的。(vadj.) 我打开窗子，让新鲜空气进来。(v.adv.) 你拨错了电话号码。(adv.adj.) Versi

14、on,19,参考答案： 他体力很强，可智力很弱。 我荣幸地通知你。 我认识到，通过中间人跟他们打交道是愚蠢的。 4. They are doubtful whether this is true. 5. I opened the window to let fresh air in. He dialed the wrong telephone.,20,3.6 Repetition (重译法),Strictly speaking, repetition is under amplification, namely repeating some necessary words in target

15、language. We mean to repeat the same words or phrases which are given previously in the version. Repetition is employed for the sake of clearness, for the sake of emphasis, and for the sake of vividness.,21,1. 重复名词 大家都知道， 英语句中若两个动词共用一个宾语，宾语只在第二个动词之后出现一次。而在汉语中，这样的宾语要在每个动词后出现，定语后的名词也如此。 重复动词后的宾语名词，如：,

16、1). We have to analyze and solve problems. 我们要分析问题，解决问题。,2). Let us revise our safety and sanitary regulations.,我们来修改安全规则和卫生规则吧。,22,重复英语中作表语的名词 1). John is your friend as much as he is mine.,2). This has been our position but not theirs.,3). He became an enterpriserall by himself.,约翰既是你的朋友，又是我的朋友。,这

17、一直是我们的立场而不是他们的立场。,他成为一个企业家一个白手起家的企业家。,23,重复英语中省略的名词，起到强调和明确的作用，更符合译语习惯,1). I have fulfilled my assigned work ahead of schedule, so has he.,2). Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration.,3). Before liberation many people could not read or write.,我已经提前完成了交给我的工作，他也提前完成了交给他的工作。,无知是恐惧的根源，也

18、是敬佩的根源。,解放前，许多人不会读书，也不会写字。,24,约翰的故事是一篇充满呻吟和泪水的故事，是资本家摧残不幸的人们的故事。,4). But we still have defects, and very big ones.,5). The story of John is a story of groans and tears, of poor human beings destroyed by the capitalist.,6). A large family has its difficulties.,但是我们还是有缺点的， 而且还有很大的缺点。,大（家庭）有大（家庭）的难处。,2

19、5,2、重复动词 英语句子常用一个动词连接几个宾语或表语，在译文中多要重复该动词。,3). What are they after? They are after name, after position, and they want to cut smart figures.,1). Is he a friend or an enemy?,他是个朋友呢，还是个仇人？,2). For a good ten minutes, he cursed me and my brother.,足足有十分钟之久，他既骂我，又骂我的兄弟。,这种人闹什么东西呢？闹名誉，闹地位，闹出风头。,26,4). He n

20、o longer dreamed of storms, nor of great occurrences, nor of great fish, nor of fights.,他不再梦见风暴，不再梦见惊人的遭遇，也不再梦见大鱼和搏斗。,5). But his wife kept dinning in his ears about his idleness, his carelessness, and the ruin he was bringing on his family. 可是他老婆不断地在他耳朵边唠叨个没完，说身上。他懒惰，说他粗心，并且说他一家人都要毁在他的身上。,27,3. 重复代

21、词 A.英语中用代词的地方，翻译时往往可按汉语习惯的重复其所代替的名词。,1). Jesse opened his eyes. They were filled with tears.,2). He hated failure; he had conquered it in his own life, risen above it, despised it in others.,杰西睁开眼，眼里充满了泪水。,他讨厌失败，他一生中曾战胜失败，超越失败，并且藐视别人的失败。,28,B. 有时代词代替句中作主语的名词（多数情况下该名词前均有修饰语），翻译时多不用代词而重复其作主语的名词，以达到明确具

22、体的目的。如 例4)、 5) 、6),4). Happy family also had their own troubles.,5). Big powers have their strategies while small countries also have their own lines.,6). Each country has its own customs.,幸福家庭也有幸福家庭的苦恼。,强国有强国的策略，小国有小国的路线。,各国都有各国的风俗。,29,C. 再者,英语中强势关系代词或关系副词whoever, whenever, wherever 等等,翻译时亦多用重复法处理,如：,7). Whoever violates the disciplines should be criticized.,8). Come to my office and have a talk with me whenever you are free.,谁犯了纪律，谁就该受到批评。,你什么时候有空，就什么时候到我办公室来谈一谈。,30,D. 英语用somea