An Overview of Business Writing.ppt

1、An Overview of Business Writing, Functions Effective sentences Six Cs principles (for whole composition) Grammar Modern changes,FUNCTIONS:,Inform: to convey the information,ways,ways,Persuade: to influence readers attitudes and actions to accept writers ideas, services or products.,Entertain: to ret

2、ain the readers goodwill.,The Customer is King!,EFFECTIVE SENTENCES,Unity Coherence Conciseness Emphasis Variety,Unity : to express a single complete thought.,句子意思表达不完整 e.g. Tom graduated.,Tom graduated from Tingsua University.,中心不明确 He walked along the street and then suddenly realized he was lost.

3、,As he walked along the street he suddenly realized he was lost.,主谓不一致 Every teacher and student were invited to go to the party.,Every teacher and student was invited to go to the party.,Coherence: to have a clear and reasonable connection between parts.,平行结构 A man is judged not only by what he say

4、s but also by his deeds.,A man is judged not only by what he says but also by what he dose.,代词与先行词一致 She told my sister she was wrong.,My sister was told that she was wrong.,“ Im wrong,” she said to my sister.,?,?,悬垂结构 Looking out of the window, the grass stretched as far as the eye can reach.,Looki

5、ng out of the window, he / she /I / we can see the grass stretched as far as the eye can reach.,Outside the window, the grass stretched as far as the eye can reach.,Conciseness: to have necessary words. The fewer words are used, the better.,e.g. It was small in size.,It was small.,In my opinion, I t

6、hink your plan is excellent.,I think your plan is excellent.,Emphasis: to indicate an important idea or opinion.,e.g. The light shines through the blue sky where white clouds flow and some birds are flying across. It is a sunny day.,How wonderful!,1）句尾强调（End Emphasis）e.g. He has achieved success, I

7、believe.,He has, I believe, achieved success.,2）倒装语序（Inverted Order）e.g. I did not believe what she said for a moment.,3）重复（Repetition）有意重复主要信息也可达到强调的目的。,e.g. that government of the people, by the people, and for the people, shall not perish from the earth.,Not for a moment did I believe what she sa

8、id.,1We last received a payment from you six months ago.,4Six months have passed since your last payment.,2We have not received a payment from you for six months.,5Six months have gone by since you last paid us.,3 You last paid us six months ago.,6You have not paid us for six months.,It has been six

9、 months since we last received a payment from you.,Variety: to be rich in sentence patterns.,e.g. Some people insist that only today and tomorrow matter. But how much poorer we would be if we really lived by that rule! So much of what we do today is frivolous and futile and soon forgotten. So much o

10、f what we hope to do tomorrow never happens.,1）I have never dreamed about it. 2）She was so angry that she could not speak. 3）He will be back, Im sure. 4) There are a teacher and many students in our classroom 5）We are going to visit John, and he is our English friend. 6） Every early morning, she get

11、s up to do exercises at sunrise 7) There are several things which are interesting here.8)Wang Lan is not only clever but also she is helpful. 9)Entering the room, Mary stood up and said, “ Good morning, Sir.”,PRACTICE:,5）We are going to visit John, and he is our English friend. - We are going to vis

12、it John who is our English friend. 6）Every early morning, she gets up to do exercises at sunrise. - She gets up to do exercises at sunrise. 7) There are several things which are interesting here. - Several things are interesting here.,9)Entering the room, Mary stood up and said, “ Good morning, Sir.

13、” - Entering the room, the manager saw that Mary stood up and said, “ Good morning, Sir.”,8) Wang Lan is not only clever but also is a charming girl. - Wang Lan is not only clever but also helpful.,6 CS PRINCIPLE,1. Courtesy : to treat people with respect and friendly human concern. 2. Correctness:

14、to use right grammar, punctuation, spelling, and to use good and accurate words and sentences to convey information. 3.Conciseness: to give emphasis to the message. 4. Clarity: to write familiar words and simple sentences. 5. Concreteness: to be vivid, specific and definite. 6. Completeness: to incl

15、ude all the necessary information and data.,GRAMMAR,wish的用法 1）用于wish后面的宾语从句，表示不可能实现的愿望。 I wish I had the money 1. 表示与现在事实相反的一种愿望,动词用过去式。（be的过去式为 were） 2. 表示与过去事实相反的愿望，动词用过去完成式。 （had + 过去分词） 3.表将来不大可能实现的愿望动词,would/should +动词原形 (would/could + 动词原形),I wish it would rain tomorrow.,我希望和你一样高。,I wish I wer

16、e as tall as you.,他希望他没讲那样的话。,He wished he hadnt said that.,我希望明天下雨就好了,* wishful thinking 是“一厢情愿的想法”,hope + for n. hope to do sth. hope + that-clause,wish to do表达法。 wish sb. / sth. to do I wish to see the manager. I wish the manager to be informed at once.,1）wish +宾+ to +动词原形表示命令，hope无此用法 I wish you

17、 to go.,2）hope后不能直接跟名词作宾语，可跟for +名词，表示可实现的“希望”，wish虽也跟for +名词，但表示难实现的“愿望”。,We wish you a happy New Year,Differences:,I hope for success .我希望成功。 I wish for a car .我很想得到小汽车,3)wish可跟双宾语,4）hope和wish可跟that从句，但hope + that表示希望 wish + that表示“愿望”，且从句动词用虚拟语气,I hope you shall be better soon . I wish I were ten

18、 years younger .,Worry worried adj.,worry for nothing,1. be worried, concerned, anxious, troubled, or uneasy; I worry about my job,1. be worried, concerned, anxious, troubled, or uneasy; I worry about my job,1. be worried, concerned, anxious, troubled, or uneasy;,1. be worried, concerned, anxious, t

19、roubled, or uneasy; I worry about my job,1. be worried, concerned, anxious, troubled, or uneasy; I worry about my job,1. be worried, concerned, anxious, troubled, or uneasy; I worry about my job,1. be worried, concerned, anxious, troubled, or uneasy; I worry about my job,1. be worried, concerned, anxious, troubled, or uneasy; I worry about my job,2.disturb the peace of mind of,3. bite,vt.,vi.,V