GRE基础班阅读.ppt

1、,GRE基础班阅读,沈施铨,1,Retrospect,句子主干是？ 主语和宾语都是什么词性？ 连词后面是？,2,Retrospect,主线任务确定句子主干 确定主语A 确定谓语：不及物动词_；及物动词，_；系动词，_ 支线任务出现从句连词时 根据_判断从句类型 确定从句的_,3,下午的主要内容是,The football player is awesome. The young Argentina football player is awesome. The young Argentina football player who is often mocked because of his

2、height is awesome. (who is often mocked because of his height)在the young Argentina football player后面形容这个名词,4,形容词性从句例句,Those of us who made a bet on the football team were disappointed. (who made a bet on the football team)在those of us后面形容这个名词 Those of us (who) were disappointed.,5,形容词性从句例句,2. What h

3、ighly creative artistic activity produces is not a new generalization that transcends established limits. What highly creative artistic activity produces = A A is not a new generalization (that transcends established limits)在a new generalization后面形容这个名词 A is not a new generalization (that).,6,形容词性从句

4、例句,找出这句话中的形容词性从句，以及其形容的名词： The physicist rightly dreads precise argument, since an argument that is convincing only if it is precise loses all its force if the assumptions on which it is based are slightly changed, whereas an argument that is convincing though imprecise may well be stable under smal

5、l perturbations of its underlying assumptions. an argument (that is convincing only if it is precise) the assumption (on which it is based) an argument (that is convincing though imprecise),7,形容词性从句练习,找出下列句子的形容词性从句、从句形容的名词，以及句子主句： 4. The idea of an autonomous discipline which is called “philosophy”

6、,which sits in judgment on such pursuits as theology and science turns out, on close examination, to be of quite recent origin.,8,4. The idea of an autonomous discipline which is called “philosophy” ，which sits in judgment on such pursuits as theology and science turns out, on close examination, to

7、be of quite recent origin. The idea of an autonomous discipline (which is called philosophy)在autonomous discipline后面形容这个名词 (which sits in judgment on such pursuits as theology and science)在 autonomous discipline后面形容这个名词 The idea of an autonomous discipline (which) （which.）turns out to be of quite re

8、cent origin.,9,2. Those of us who hoped that Kolbs newly published complete edition of Prousts correspondence for 1909 would document the process in greater detail are disappointed. Those of us = A (who hoped B)在those of us后面形容这个名词B= that Kolbs newly published complete edition of Prousts corresponde

9、nce for 1909 would document the process in greater detail Those of us (who that ) are disappointed.,10,6. Although these molecules allow radiation at visible wavelengths, where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated, to pass through, they absorb some of the longer-wavelength. Although X, Y T

10、hese molecules = A A allow B to do sth. B = radiation at visible wavelengths (where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated)在visible wavelengths后面形容这个名词 Although A allow B (where) to pass through, A absorb some of the longer-wavelength.,11,What highly creative artistic activity produces is no

11、t a new generalization that transcends established limits, but rather an aesthetic particular. (What highly creative artistic activity produces) = A A is not a new generalization (that transcends established limits)在a new generalization后面形容这个名词 but 平行结构 A is not a new generalization, but rather an a

12、esthetic particular.,12,3. All this was unified by being subjected to the same kind of religious scrutiny, whose impact varied greatly which is almost nonexistent in some fields, and which in others originates novel institutions. All this A was unified by B B = being subject to the same kind of reli

13、gious scrutiny (whose impact varied greatly)在religious scrutiny后面形容这个名词 (which is almost nonexistent in some fields, and which in others originates novel institutions)在whose impact后面形容这个名词,13,5. Islamic law is the result of an examination, from a religious angle, of legal subject matter that was far

14、 from uniform, which comprised as it did the various components of the laws of pre-Islamic Arabia and numerous legal elements which were taken over from the non-Arab peoples of the conquered territories. Islamic law = A A is the result of B B = an examination of legal subject matter (that was far fr

15、om uniform)形容legal subject matter (which comprised as it did the various components of the laws of pre-Islamic Arabia and numerous legal elements)形容legal subject matter which were taken over from the non-Arab peoples of the conquered territories 形容numerous legal elements A is the result of B (that)

16、(which which).,14,形容词性从句真题,Specialized cells called heterocysts are produced which lack chlorophyll (necessary for photosynthesis) but which can fix nitrogen by converting nitrogen gas into a usable form. Specialized cells called heterocysts = A A are produced (which lack chlorophyll but which can f

17、ix nitrogen by converting nitrogen gas into a usable form)在specialized cells后面形容这个名词,15,The passage supports which of the following inferences about heterocysts? (A) Heterocysts do not produce oxygen. (B) Nitrogen gas inactivates heterocysts. (C) Chlorophyll increases the productivity of heterocysts

18、. (D) Heterocysts can produce nitrogen (E) Heterocysts can photosynthesize.,16,3. This preference for exogamy, Gutman suggests, may have derived from West African rules that govern marriage, which, though they differed from one tribal group to another , all involved some kind of prohibition against

19、unions with close kin. This preference for exogamy = A A may have derived from B B = West African rules (that govern marriage)形容rules (which，though X, Y)形容rules X = they differed from one tribal group to another Y = all involved some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin,17,According to

20、the passage, all of the following are true of the West African rules governing marriage mentioned in lines EXCEPT: (A) The rules were derived from rules governing fictive kinship arrangements. (B) The rules forbade marriages between close kin. (C) The rules are mentioned in Herbert Gutmans study. (D

21、) The rules were not uniform in all respects from one West African tribe to another. (E) The rules have been considered to be a possible source of slaves marriage preferences.,18,2. In the early 1950s, historians who studied preindustrial Europe (which we may define here as Europe in the period from

22、 roughly 1300 to 1800) began, for the first time in large numbers, to investigate more of the preindustrial European population than the 2 or 3 percent who comprised the political and social elite: the kings, generals, judges, nobles, bishops, and local magnates who had hitherto usually filled histo

23、ry books. (who studied preindustrial Europe)形容historians Historians (who) began to investigate B B = more of the preindustrial European population than the 2 or 3 percent (who comprised the political and social elite)形容the 2 or 3 percent,19,2. In the early 1950s, historians who studied preindustrial

24、 Europe (which we may define here as Europe in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800) began, for the first time in large numbers, to investigate more of the preindustrial European population than the 2 or 3 percent who comprised the political and social elite: the kings, generals, judges, nobles, bis

25、hops, and local magnates who had hitherto usually filled history books. (who had hitherto usually filled history books)形容k, g, j, n, b, and l m Historians (who) began to investigate B (more of X than Y whowho).,20,The author suggests that, before the early 1950s, most historians who studied preindus

26、trial Europe did which of the following? (A) Failed to make distinctions among members of the preindustrial European political and social elite. (B) Inaccurately estimated the influence of the preindustrial European political and social elite. (C) Confined their work to a narrow range of the preindu

27、strial European population.,21,Bonus：形容词性从句的“最简形式”,1. 形容词性从句中的动词是非be动词，which do sth.，则最简形式为doing sth： The new method which contradicts with the existing system must be abandoned. = The new method, contradicting with the existing system, must be abandoned.,22,Bonus：形容词性从句的“最简形式”,2. 形容词性从句中的动词是be动词, w

28、hich + be + adj/过去分词，则次简形式为being + adj/过去分词, 最简形式为adj/过去分词： The old method which is inapplicable in new situations must be abandoned. = The old method, being inapplicable in new situations, must be abandoned. = The old method, inapplicable in new situations, must be abandoned.,23,Bonus：形容词性从句的“最简形式”

29、,The old method which was abandoned immediately is quickly forgotten. = The old method being abandoned immediately is quickly forgotten = The old method abandoned immediately is quickly forgotten,24,形容词性从句的“最简形式”练习,找出句子中从句简化后的adj/现在分词/过去分词，并还原成完整从句： All this was unified by being subjected to the sam

30、e kind of religious scrutiny, whose impact varied greatly, being almost nonexistent in some fields, and in others originating novel institutions. (being almost nonexistent in some fields)形容impact = (which is almost nonexistent) (in others originating novel institutions)形容impact = (which originates novel institutions in others),25,形容词性从句的“最简形式”练习,2. The idea of an autonomous discipline called “phi