上海高中学业水平考试非谓语动词

1、 高中英语学业水平考试复习-非谓语动词在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式、动名词和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词）不定式的时态和语态语态式一般式完成式进行式完成进行式主 动 to build to have built to be building to have been building 被 动 to be built to have been built (1)一般式：动词不定式一般式所表示的动作是和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，但在多数情况下，是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生，如：We decided to plant more t

2、rees this spring.（其后），They often watch us play table tennis.（同时）； （2）完成式：动词不定式完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，如：I am sorryto have kept you waiting.（3）进行式：动词不定式进行式所表示的动作正在进行中，而且与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，如：She happened to be writing a letter in the room when I came in. 动词不定式的被动语态用法：如果动词不定式的逻辑主语为这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般就

3、用被动语态形式，如：What is to be done next hasnt been decided yet.动词 语态形式 及物动词make 不及物动词go 主动语态 被动语态 主动语态 一般式 making being made going 完成式 having made having been made having gone 动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，通常要用完成式，否则都用一般式若主语是动名词所表示的动作的对象，动名词用被动语态He was praised for having finished the work ahead of time.He was afr

4、aid of being scolded by the teacher.(1) 只能接动名词作宾语的动词：admit，advise建议，risk，appreciate，envy嫉妒，avoid避免，consider考虑，delay延迟，deny否认，dislike不喜欢，enjoy，escape逃避，excuse原谅、宽恕，finish完成，forgive原谅，understand理解，give up放弃，imagine想象，keep保持，mind介意、在乎，miss未达到，practise训练，put off推迟，resist抵抗，suggest建议、暗示cant help 禁不住，cant

5、 stand无法忍受，devote to(to为介词)致力于，look forward to 期望、盼望，stick to坚持，be used to习惯于，object to反对，be busy忙于，fee like想要be surprised at 对感到惊讶 be proud of 以为骄傲 succeed in 在某方面成功 be afraid of害怕 give up 放弃(2) 只能接不定式作宾语的动词：happen 碰巧，offer 主动提出，promise 答应，agree 同意，refuse拒绝，decide 决定，determine 决定、决心，pretend 假装，fail

6、 未能够，learn，wish希望，hope，expect，afford 负担得起。 (3) 下列词接动名词和不定式均可，但意义不同的动词：forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等stop to do 停下来去做 stop doing 停止做forget to do 忘记要做 forget doing 忘记做过remember to do 记得要做 remember doing 记得做过regret to do 遗憾要做 regret doing 后悔做过try to do 企图做，尽力做 try doing 试着做go on to do 继续做（

7、另一件事） go on doing 继续做（同一件事）mean to do 打算做 mean doing 意味做(4) need, require, want作“需要”讲，其后用动名词的主动式表示被动意义，be worth也有类似用法。如：The flowers need watering/to be watered.The problem is worth discussing.分词（分词分为现在分词和过去分词。在句中作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。）现在分词和过去分词的区别：在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义；在时间上，现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行或者与谓语动词同时发生

8、，过去分词表示的动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性。如：falling leaves 正在下落的树叶 fallen leaves 已经落在地上的树叶一、 分词的作用1、 作定语（1） 单个分词作定语，分词前置。如：The sleeping boy is my son.The excited people rushed into the building.A lost opportunity never returns.He is a retired worker.（2） 分词短语作定语，分词后置；分词修饰不定代词something等要后置；个别分词如give，left等作定语也后置。如：The g

9、irl standing under the tree is my niece.The building built last year is our library.This is the question given.There is nothing interesting.（3） 过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。如：Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientistsThe first textbook _ for teaching English as a foreign lan

10、guage came out in the 16th century.A have written B to be written C being written D written答案：DWhats the language _ in Germany?A speaking B spoken C be spoken D to speak答案：BPrices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices.A are bought B bought C been bought D buying.答案：BWhen

11、 I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door _ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”A read B reads C to read D reading答案：D解析：reading 与 pinned to the door 一样作message 的后置定语，相当于which read, pinned 和 reading的逻辑主语都是 message，它与pin是被动关系，用ed 形式，与 read 是主动关系，用ing 形式2、 作状语现在分词和过去分词在句中可以作时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、结

12、果等状语。Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.As I didnt receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.(条件)Walking along the street, I ran across my old friend.Bitten b

13、y a snake, he was taken to hospital(原因).Though defeated, he didnt lose heart.(让步)He lay on the grass, looking into the sky.(伴随)He came running to tell me the good news.(方式)_ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.A Followed B Followed by C Being followed D Having been followed答案：B There was a t

14、errible noise_ the sudden burst of light. A followed B following C to be followed D being followed 答案：B _ , liquids can be changed into gases. A Heating B To be heated C Heated D Heat 答案：C 注意：（1） 选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是由主句的主语发出，分词就用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。试比较：（Being）Used for a long time, the book looks

15、old.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。Using the book, I find it useful.在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。（2） 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致，如果不一致，就用独立主格结构，即在分词前加上它的逻辑主语。现在分词的完成式主要用于作状语，一般不用作定语。When_, the museum will be open to the public next year.A completed B completing C being completed D to be completed答案：A_ such heavy pollution alrea

16、dy, it may now be too late to clean up the river.A Having suffered B Suffering C To suffer D Suffered答案：A3、 作表语现在分词作表语多表示主语具有的特征，过去分词作表语多指主语所处的状态。如：The film is touching.The glass is broken.She looked tired with cooking.He remained standing beside the table.Im very_ with my own cooking. It looks nice

17、 and smells delicious.Mm, it does have a _ smell.A pleasant; pleased B pleased; pleased C pleasant; pleasant D pleased; pleasant答案：D4、 作宾语补足语分词和不定式一样，在一些感官动词或使役动词后作宾语补足语。如：I smell something burning.I heard him singing the song.I heard my name called.I cant make myself understood in English.I found m

18、y car missing.Ill have my watch repaired.我想把我的手表修一下。The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year.A carry out B carrying out C carried out D to carry out 答案：C5、 作插入语其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。generally speaking 一般说来 talking of (speaking of) 说到strictly speaking 严格地说 judging

19、from 从判断all things considered 从整体来看 taking all things into consideration 全面看来。如：Judging from his face, he must be ill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs.总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。一、 分词的时态1、 与主语动词同时。如：Arriving there, they found the boy dead.刚一到那儿，他们就发现那男孩死了。The secretary worked late into the night, _ a long speech for the president.A to prepare B prep