翻译第二讲.ppt

1、,I. 对等译法 对等译法是翻译中最常用、最重要的翻译方法。但是，必须注意译文中所采用的对等表达是名副其实的对等表达。,1. 成语 speak ones mind 畅所欲言 be after ones own heart 称心如意 fish in troubled waters 混水摸鱼 turn up ones nose at 嗤之以鼻 touch and go 一触即发,hit the nail on the head 一语道破 Turn a blind eye to 视而不见 Turn a deaf ear to 充耳不闻 Pick a hole in sbs coat 吹毛求疵 Mak

2、e a fuss about 大惊小怪,2. 谚语,Look before you leap. 三思而后行 Make hay while the sun shines. 趁热打铁 There is no smoke without fire. 无风不起浪 Ill news travels fast. 恶事传千里,Everything comes to him who waits. 皇天不负苦心人 More haste, less speed. 欲速则不达 All is fish that comes to the net. 拉入篮里就是菜 The moon is not seen when t

3、he sun shines. 小巫见大巫,3. 翻译实例 He is reaping what he has sown. 他这是咎由自取。 I took the news with a grain of salt. 我对这个消息半信半疑。 That little girl has a ready tongue. 那个小姑娘真是伶牙俐齿。,你为什么要引狼入室？ Why did you set the wolf to keep the sheep? 照当时情况，他除了忍气吞声又能怎么办呢？ As things stood, what else could he do but swallow the

4、 insult?,在中国, 各级政府应该尽可能地增加农业投入, 同时需要引导和组织农民把更多的资金投入到农业生产上来. 还应该认识到, 要把中国的农业搞上去, 关键在于充分发挥广大农民的生产积极性.,In China, governments at all levels should do their best to invest more in agriculture, farmers should be guided and organized to put more capital into agricultural production and development. The key

5、 to steady development of Chinas agriculture lies in bringing the peasant masses initiative into full play.,II. 具体译法 在翻译过程中将原文中抽象的单词、词组、成语或句子用具体的单词、词组、成语或句子来进行翻译，消除或降低语言差别给翻译带来的损失。,1. 单词、词组、成语 press 出版 报纸，杂志，出版社，出版物 propaganda 宣传 宣传机关 retirement 退休 幽静地方，偏僻地方，退休处,very timid 非常胆小 胆小如鼠 keep quiet 不吱声 噤

6、若寒蝉 very anxious to return home 回家心切 - 归心似箭 有花不完的钱 have enough money to burn,2. 句子 1）All the people were exasperated by his fault finding. 大家被他那种吹毛求疵的做法激怒了。 2）No one is satisfied with his favoritism in his work. 大家对他在工作中表现的徇私作风都感到不满意。 3）The pharmacologists are making a careful study of the allergy o

7、f the medicine. 药理学家们正在认真研究这种药的过敏反应。,4）His arrogance sent him into isolation and helplessness. 他的傲慢态度使他孤立无援。 5）Your dejection will do no good to your health. 你的沮丧情绪于你的健康不利。,6）我不敢肯定我能赢得这个荣誉，这还是未到手的东西。 Im not sure whether I can win the honour; its a bird in the bush. 7）这个男孩真粗心，他的书本都已经折角了。 This boy is

8、too careless; all his books are dog- eared.,Passage Translation 如果一个国家能够有效地利用所有的信息， 那么将会在科学研究、教育、经济发展等领域受益。该国所需要的是建立一个全国性的“信息网络”，从而把科学家、商人、教育家等联系起来。如果能建成这样一个网络，这将促成该国的第二次信息革命。,If a nation can make effective use of all the information it will benefit in the fields of scientific research, education, e

9、conomic development, etc. What the nation needs to do is to establish a nation-wide “information network”, so as to link up scientists, businessmen, educators, etc. If such a network is set up, it will promote the second information revolution in the country.,III. 抽象译法 为了译文的忠实与通顺，将原文中带有具体意义或具体形象的单词、

10、词组、成语或句子进行抽象化处理。,1. 单词、词组、成语 lick sbs boots 巴结 eat ones heart out 极度悲痛 eat like a bird 吃得很少 turn thumbs down on sth 反对,jump out of ones skin 大吃一惊 无知的表现 innocence 残暴行为 brutality 同化作用 assimilation,黔驴技穷 at ones wits end 顺手牵羊 walk off with sth,2. 句子 1) He is a rolling stone. I dont think he can go far.

11、他是个见异思迁的人，我想他不会有多大出息。 2) Ill break my neck to get this done by Friday, but I cant promise for sure. 我要尽最大的努力在星期五以前完成此事，但我不能说定。,3) The matter was finally settled under the table. 事情终于私下解决了。 4) He earns scarcely enough to keep body and soul together. 他挣的钱几乎难以维持生活。 5) You can always fall back upon him

12、when you are in difficulties. 遇到困难时，你总可以依靠他的帮助。,6） 他万万没想到在他前进的道路上竟会出现这么多拦路虎！ He had never expected that so many obstacles would stand in his way. 7）半夜听到狼嗥，他感到毛骨悚然。 He was horror-stricken when he heard the cries of the wolves at midnight.,8）敌军闹得全村鸡犬不宁。 The enemy troops threw the whole village into gr

13、eat disorder. 9) 这些问题盘根错节，三言两语说不清楚。 These problems are too complicated to be explained clearly in a few words.,10) 今天下午的球赛棋逢对手，一定很精彩。 This afternoons ball game is sure to be an exciting one, for the two sides are well-matched.,Passage Translation 中国政府主张国家不论大小、不论贫富，应该一律平等。国际经济事务应该由世界各国共同来管理。对发展中国家的经济

14、援助，不应该附带任何条件，不应该牟取任何暴利。对发展中国家的技术转让必须实用、有效、方便，以利于受援国的经济发展。,The Government of China holds that all countries, big or small, rich or poor, should be equal, and that international economic affairs should be jointly managed by all the countries in the world. The economy aid to the developing countries mu

15、st not be accompanied by any conditions, and by seeking excessive profits. The technology transfer to the developing countries must be practical, efficient, convenient for use and beneficial for developing the recipient countrys economy.,IV. 增词译法 在原文的基础上添加必要的单词、词组、分句或完整句，使译文在语法、语言形式上符合译文习惯，并在文化背景、词语

16、联想方面与原文一致，使得译文与原文在内容、形式和精神3个方面对等起来。,Examples: 1. 他喜欢指出别人的缺点，但用意是好的。 He likes to point out other peoples shortcomings, but he means well. (增加主语，符合译文语法。） 2. 只有晚上躺在床上时，她才感到神志清醒。 It is only during the night when she lies in bed that she feels she has a clear mind. (强调结构）,3. This great scientist was born

17、 in New England. 这位伟大的科学家出生在美国东北部的新英格兰。 （增加必要的信息，与原文内容一致。） 4. 早知他有病，我就不会叫他来了。 If I had known he was ill, I would not have asked him to come. (加连接词，符合译文习惯。）,5. He dismissed the meeting without a closing speech. 他没有致闭幕词就宣布结束会议。 （增加动词，使符合译文习惯。） 6. I read his Progress and Poverty, and went to a meeting

18、of Hyndmans Marxist Democratic Federation. 我看了他的进步与贫困，又去参加海德门的马克思主义组织“民主联盟”举行的会议。 (加定语，可读性）,7. I had imagined it to be merely a gesture of affection, but it seems it is to smell the lamb and make sure that it is her own. 原来我以为这不过是一种亲热的表示，但是现在看来，这是为了闻一闻羊羔的气味，来断定是不是自己生的。 (英语有时态，汉语则没有，故加相应的时间状语。）,三个臭皮匠

19、，胜过诸葛亮。 The wit of three cobblers combined surpasses that of Zhuge Liang the master mind. (提供必要的背景知识。）,More examples (EC translation) 1. Her refusal to go to the party is a mere caprice. 2. His eyes flashed back defiance. 3. These secret talks can do nothing but create international tensions. 4. The

20、 interruption of service often takes place in the last few years. 5. There is no neutralization between these two chemicals. 6. This room does not lend itself to study. 7. He sawed away till he got tired. 8. Down dived the eagle!,增加范畴词： 1. 她拒绝参加宴会是一时冲动（任性）的举动。 2. 他的眼里闪烁着反抗的神色。 3. 这些秘密会谈只能制造国际紧张局势。 4

21、. 最近几年停电事故时有发生。 5. 这两种化学药物之间并无中和反应。,逻辑加词和修饰加词： 6. 这个房间不适宜用来读书。 7. 他一直锯累了才停下来。 8. 那老鹰刷地一声俯冲下来。,More examples:(CE translation) 1. 她用手蒙住脸，好象是为了保护眼睛。 2. 她挑水，生炉子，洗东西，忙个不停。 3. 我们每个人都有一部机器，这部机器就是大脑。 4. 使用细菌武器显然是违反国际法的。 5. 我们对问题要作全面的分析，才能解决得妥当。 6. 他们一听说有新任务， 就坐不住了。 7. 虚心使人进步， 骄傲使人落后。 8. 鼓励自学成才。 9. 谁都知道朝鲜战场是

22、艰苦的。 10. 人民犯了法，也要受处罚，也要坐班房。,1. She covered her face with her hand, as if to protect her eyes. 2. Fetching water, building the fire, washing she had her hands full every minute. 3. Every one of us has a machine, that is, the brain. 4. The use of bacteriological weapons is a clear violation of interna

23、tional law.,5. We must make a comprehensive analysis of a problem before it can be properly solved. 6. When they learnt that they had been given a new task, they just couldnt sit still any longer. 7. Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 8. Encourage people to become educated (proficient) by teaching themselves.,9. Everyone knows that life on the Korean battlefield was rather hard. 10. When anyone among the people breaks the law, he too should be punished, imprisoned.,7. 这架电视机真是价廉物美。 This television