（课标专用）天津市2020高考英语二轮复习专题六数词与主谓一致课件.pptx

1、专题六数词与主谓一致,-2-,突破点一,突破点二,数词 考查方向 1.序数词前面需用定冠词the或形容词性物主代词。 2.分数的表达形式:分子基数词,分母序数词,分子大于1,分母用复数。 如:one fifth五分之一two thirds三分之二 3.in the 1990s/1990s表示在“在20世纪90年代”。 4.in ones+“整十”的复数形式,表示“在某人多少岁时”。 如:in his thirties 在他三十多岁时 5.at the age of.表示“在某人多少岁时”。,-3-,突破点一,突破点二,6.倍数的五种表达形式:(1)倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as.;(2)倍

2、数+比较级+than.;(3)倍数+the size/height/depth/weight.+of.;(4)倍数+that of.;(5)倍数+what 引导的名词性从句。 如:This room is twice as large as that one.=This room is twice larger than that one.=This room is twice the size of that one.=The size of this room is twice that of that room. My husband earns three times what I d

3、o every month. 7.hundred,thousand,million,billion,score,dozen的用法需注意两点:(1)当它们前面出现大于“一”的数词时,这些词仍用单数形式,后面直接跟复数名词;(2)当后面紧跟介词of时,这些数词需用其复数形式,后接复数名词。 如:There are about five thousand students in our school. Hundreds of people took part in the match.,-4-,突破点一,突破点二,经典例题 What a table!Ive never seen such a thi

4、ng before.Its it is long. A.half not as wide asB.wide not as half as C.not half as wide asD.as wide as not half 思路点拨正确的倍数表达形式之一是:倍数+as+adj./adv.原级+as.,四个选项中只有C项结构正确。故选C项。句意:好一张桌子!我以前从未见过这样的东西。它的宽度还不到长度的一半。 答案:C,-5-,突破点一,突破点二,主谓一致 英语中的主谓一致遵循三种原则:语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。 考查方向1 语法一致原则 1.可数名词单数、不可数名词、动词不定式、动词-in

5、g形式做主语时,句子谓语动词用第三人称单数形式;可数名词复数做主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。 如:Much milk has been offered to those poor children. In Chinese culture to nod ones head means agreement. Reading aloud is very important in learning English. Quite a few students show interest in computer games.,-6-,突破点一,突破点二,2.不定代词either,little,somethi

6、ng,everything,nothing,anything,somebody,no one 等做主语时,一般视为单数;both,few,many做主语时,谓语动词常用复数形式;most,half,some,all等做主语时,若指不可数的东西,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,若指可数的东西,谓语动词用复数形式。 如:Either of the shirts fits me very well. Most of the students are against the plan. Little has been done to stop the river from being polluted.

7、Nobody is worthy to be relied on except yourself. 3.集体名词people,cattle,police等常视为复数。,-7-,突破点一,突破点二,4.and连接两个分别被every,each,或no修饰的名词做主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 如:Each man and each woman has a chance to be raised in our company. 5.“分数或百分数+of+名词”做主语时,谓语动词的单复数要与名词的单复数保持一致。 如:Sixty percent of the students in our s

8、chool are girls. More than two thirds of the surface of the earth is covered by water. 6.时间、金钱、重量、距离等的复数名词做主语时,谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。 如:Ten years is quite a long time.,-8-,突破点一,突破点二,7.a(large) quantity of和(large) quantities of 后面接不可数名词或复数名词做主语时,句子谓语动词需根据quantity的单复数确定。 如:Large quantities of fine soil have

9、been washed away by heavy rain. A large quantity of people is to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow. 8.“the number of+复数名词”做主语,句子谓语动词用第三人称单数形式;“a number of+复数名词”做主语,句子谓语动词用复数形式。,-9-,突破点一,突破点二,经典例题 (2018山西实验中学测试,短文改错)However,sixty percent of our class is fond of it. 思路点拨根据句子逻辑关系判断,该句中的集体名词class指的

10、是班级成员,即学生,表示复数含义,故谓语动词需用复数形式,所以is需改为are。 答案:isare,-10-,突破点一,突破点二,考查方向2 意义一致原则 1.what引导的从句,the following,the rest 等做主语时,需要根据主语的具体内容确定谓语动词的单复数。 如:What you said is quite right./What he gave me just now were some books. Some work has been finished and the rest is to be done tomorrow. Five students are d

11、igging holes and the rest are planting trees. The following is my advice on how to improve your English.,-11-,突破点一,突破点二,2.当主语后面跟with,along with,together with,including,but,except,rather than,as well as等加另一名词或代词时,谓语动词应与它前面的主语保持一致。 如:Tom together with his parents is going to Canada. Your father,rather

12、 than you,is to blame for the accident. 3.集体名词family,class,team,government,public,audience,committee等做主语时,将其看作整体时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式;强调其成员时,谓语动词用复数形式。 如:His family has just moved to Beijing. Hearing the news,the whole family felt very excited.,-12-,突破点一,突破点二,4.sheep,deer,means等单复数同形的名词,要根据意义确定谓语动词的单复数。 如

13、:Every possible means has been tried but without any effect. All possible means have been tried to save the dying boy. 5.“the+形容词”表示一类人,谓语动词用复数形式。 如:The rich are not necessarily happy while the poor are easy to feel satisfied. 6.and和both.and.连接两个并列成分做主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;但当and连接的两部分指同一个人或同一事物时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形

14、式。 如:The professor and writer is popular with his students.,-13-,突破点一,突破点二,经典例题 (2017天津卷)Nowadays,cycling,along with jogging and swimming, as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. A.regardB.is regarded C.are regardedD.regards 思路点拨该句的主语是recycling,along with jogging and swimming不是主语的一部分,动词-ing形

15、式做主语谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,另外,cycling跟regard之间为动宾关系,所以B项正确。句意:如今,与慢跑和游泳一样,骑自行车被视为最好的全面锻炼形式之一。 答案:B,-14-,突破点一,突破点二,考查方向3 就近一致原则 1.many a(许多)和more than one(不止一个)后接单数可数名词做主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 如:Many a/More than one person has known the truth.,-15-,突破点一,突破点二,2.or,either.or.,neither.nor.,not only.but also.,not.but.

16、等连接两个并列名词做主语时,谓语动词的单复数由靠近它的名词的单复数确定。 如:Not only he but also his parents have been to New York. Not you but I am the teacher,so just follow my instructions. 3.在“such+be+名词”句型中,谓语动词be的单复数根据其后的名词决定。 如:Such is my plan for the future. Such are the facts and I never hide any details.,-16-,突破点一,突破点二,经典例题 (

17、2018天津河西区二模)Either you or one of your family numbers to attend the school sports meeting tomorrow and cheer on your kids. A.isB.are C.will beD.have been 思路点拨either.or.连接两个并列名词做主语时,谓语动词根据就近的原则确定,所以one of your family numbers决定谓语动词用单数形式,另外,时间状语tomorrow暗示,句子需用将来时,be to do.表示“将要”,符合句子逻辑。will be to do 无此用

18、法,故选A项。 答案:A,-17-,1.(2019天津卷)Amy,as well as her brothers, a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. A.is givenB.are given C.was givenD.were given 解析:句意:埃米和她的兄弟们在上周回村庄时受到了热烈的欢迎。as well as连接两个主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式与它前面的主语保持一致,又因是上周,所以用过去时态。故选C项。,C,-18-,2.(2018江苏高考原创押题预测卷)Towering over the surrou

19、nding buildings the Jinmao skyscraper,which reaches over 400 meters in height,making it a landmark of Shanghai. A.areB.is C.hasD.have 解析:句意:高达400多米的金茂大厦矗立在高楼大厦中俨然成了上海的地标性建筑物。句子的主语为the Jinmao skyscraper,谓语动词需用单数形式,而此处表示一种客观存在的情况,故选B项。,B,-19-,3.(2017天津卷春)The number of firms selling computers in this r

20、egion since January 2012. A.are droppingB.is dropping C.have droppedD.has dropped 解析:句意:自2012年1月份以来,这个地区销售电脑的公司的数量已经下降。由时间状语since January 2012可知,应用现在完成时。又由主语为The number of.可知,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,故选D项。,D,-20-,4.(2017江苏卷)The publication of Great Expectations,which both widely reviewed and highly praised,st

21、rengthened Dickens status as a leading novelist. A.isB.are C.wasD.were 解析:句意:远大前程这本书被广泛地评价和高度地赞扬,它的出版巩固了狄更斯作为最杰出的小说家的地位。根据题干可以确定,which引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Great Expectations,因此定语从句中的be动词应是单数形式。根据题干中的strengthened可知,语境为过去时间,因此设空处的时态应为一般过去时,故选C项。,C,-21-,5.(2015湖南卷)It is important to remember that success a s

22、um of small efforts made each day and often years to achieve. A.is;takesB.are;takes C.are;takeD.is;take 解析:句意:记住这一点很重要:成功是每天所付出的一点一滴的努力的积累,往往需要花费多年才能获得。根据句子结构可知,第一空和第二空共用主语success,它是不可数名词,故谓语动词用单数形式。故选A项。,A,-22-,6.All we need a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees thro

23、ughout the growing seasons of the year. A.areB.was C.isD.were 解析:句意:我们所需要的就是一小片土地。我们可以在一年中播种的季节里在那儿种植各类果树。根据做表语的a small piece of land可知谓语动词要用单数形式,整句话的语境为一般现在时。故选C项。,C,-23-,7.of the land in that district covered with trees and grass. A.Two-fifth;isB.Two fifths;are C.Two fifth;areD.Two fifths;is 解析:句意:那个区域五分之二的土地覆盖树木和草地。分数的表达方式为:基数为分子,序数为分母,分子大于1,分母用复数,